高考英语常考词性变化一、名词转换为名词加后缀， 变成指人的名词(1)[ er][ or]farm→farmer 农场主；农民office→officer 官员profession→professor 教授author 作者mayor 市长[2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读七选五]In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.课程，发展健康的模式与教授沟通是非常重要的2)[ ist]science→scientist 科学家tour→tourist 旅行者violin→violinist 小提琴手novel→novelist 小说家special→specialist 专家[2019·北京卷阅读D]He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈健康的糖果应该含有什么。
3)[ ian]music→musician 音乐家Canada→Canadian 加拿大人America→American 美国人[2019·江苏卷]The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里共演出了10场4) [ ese]Japan→Japanese 日本人China→Chinese 中国人[2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B]Of course，not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.当然，不仅是今天的西方顶级设计师正在受到中国最好的设计师的影响，一些最优秀的当代时装设计师本身就是中国人2.名词的变化规律(1)规则变化类别规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加 smap→maps, desk→desks,table→tables, tower→towers以s，x，sh，ch结尾在词尾直接加 esclass→classes, box→boxes,dish→dishes, peach→peaches，但stomach例外，其后直接加 s以o结尾的在词尾直接加 eshero→heroes, Negro→Negroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes在词尾直接加 sradio→radios, photo→photos, piano→pianos, kilo→kilos以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，再加 esfamily→families, city→cities, party→parties以“元音字＋y”结尾直接加 sboy→boys, monkey→monkeys, key→keys以f或fe结尾多数变f或fe为v后加 esshelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives,wife→wives少数词尾加 s这些词包含在以下顺口溜中：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。
这些名词分别是gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief以sis结尾的外来词变sis为sesbasis→bases, analysis→analyses, crisis→crises(2)不规则变化类别例词单复数同形deer, sheep, Chinese, aircraft, means, series, species, headquarters单数形式复数意义people, police, cattle复数形式单数意义news, physics, polities合成词变复数passer by→passers by, son in law→sons in law, looker on→lookers on, go between→go betweens, grown up→grown ups词形变化man→men, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice, medium→media二、动词转换为名词1.动作执行者(1)[ er ( or, ar)]own→owner 物主organize→organizer 组织者begin→beginner 初学者compete→competitor 竞争者visit→visitor 参观者administrate→administrator 管理者beg→beggar 乞丐lie→liar 说谎者The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前5年每年可享受10天的带薪假期。
2)[ ant]apply→applicant 申请人assist→assistant 助理In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.为了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场2. al 表示“人、物”行为approve→approval 赞成survive→survival 幸存arrive→arrival 到达refuse→refusal 拒绝propose→proposal 建议； 提议His refusal to discuss the matter is very annoying.他拒绝商量这件事，令人很恼火3. ance/ ence表示性质、状态或行为accept→acceptance 接受appear→appearance 出现，外表assist→assistance 帮助depend→dependence 依赖，依靠differ→difference 不同enter→entrance 进入exist→existence 存在guide→guidance 指导insure→insurance 保险occur→occurrence 发生perform→performance 履行prefer→preference 优先权，偏好refer→reference 参考resist→resistance 抵制tolerate→tolerance Personally，I'd want to learn about western painting. Several reasons may account for my preference.就我个人而言，我想学习西方绘画。
有几个原因可以解释我偏好西方绘画的原因[ ion/tion]表示状态或行为adopt→adoption 采纳，收养attract→attraction 吸引，吸引力act→action 行动collect→collection 收集compete→competition 比赛，竞争connect→connection 连接construct→construction 建设describe→description 描述direct→direction 方向，指导edit→edition 编辑，版本elect→election 选举exhibit→exhibition 展览expect→expection 期待；期望intend→intention 打算，意图interrupt→interruption 打断instruct→instruction 指令introduce→introduction 介绍object→objection 反对protect→protection 保护produce→production 生产prevent→prevention 防止react→reaction 反应receive→reception 接收，接待处recognize→recognition 认出reject→rejection 驳斥reduce→reduction 减少repeat→repeation 重复suggest→suggestion 建议select→selection 挑选contribute→contribution 贡献devote→devotion 致力promote→promotion 促进satisfy→satisfaction 满足All the international students were quite interested in my introduction.所有的国际学生都对我的介绍很感兴趣。
We all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down.我们都必须接受，随着年龄的增长，我们的反应会变慢5. ation表示状态或行为accelerate→acceleration 加速adapt→adaptation 改编，适应apply→application 申请，应用appreciate→appreciation 欣赏，感激associate→association 联想，协会celebrate→celebration 庆祝congratulate→congratulation 祝贺combine→combination 结合communicate→communication 交流concentrate→concentration 集中consider→consideration 考虑conserve→conservation 保护declare→declaration 宣布decorate→decoration 装饰determine→determination 决定donate→donation 捐赠educate→education 教育examine→examination 考试expect→expectation 期待explain→explanation 解释explore→exploration 探索form→formation 形成frustrate→frustration 沮。