Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridgeto make the world convenientSuper Engineering姓名日期 Contents4、TheImmersedTubeTunnel2、FeaturesandDifficulties5、TheSignificances1、BriefIntroduction3、TwoArtificialIslands 3.工程总体方案lThe first major combined bridge and tunnel sea-crossing project in China.lCost approximately RMB 105 billion.lConstruction began in 15 December 2009 at Zhuhai.lWill reduce travel time from Hong Kong to Macau or Zhuhai from over three hours to just half an hour. 1. Brief IntroductionHong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge: the world`s longest sea-crossing bridge, one of the most challenging constructions of its kind undertaken in the world to date. lTwo artificial islandsl An immersed tube tunnellThe Y-shaped bridge 1. Brief Introduction lTotallenght:49.97kilometerslUnderwatertunnel:6.7kilometerslBridgeoverthesea:23kilometersMacauLinkRoadZhuhaiLinkRoadOffshoreBridge-and-TunnelHKLinkRoadHKport1. Brief Introduction 1.the life span of the bridge is set at 120 years. 2.It reportedly can stand magnitude-8 earthquake, scale-16 typhoon as well as the collision with a 300,000-ton ship1. Brief Introduction this project features a design-and-build contract, coordination of the three regional governments in the construction and management, and close attention from the society. Moreover, there are environmental constraints as the alignment runs across the national conservation area for the Chinese white dolphins, as well as complicated navigation traffic conditions as the route crosses the busiest shipping area of the Lingding Sea.2.Features and Difficulties Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the national key project featured with strategic significance, large involvement, highly difficult level of construction, long construction time, high requirement on technical design and environmental protection, many participant parties, complex management and coordination.2.Features and Difficulties 3. Two Artificial Islandsthe West Artificial Islandthe East Artificial Island •The East Island has 59 round steel cylinders圆钢筒. •The West Island has 61 round steel cylinders.•The diameter of a single cylinder is 22.0m, and the cylinder wall is 16mm thick.•The height of round steel cylinder is 40.5m to 50.5m.•The round steel cylinder weighs 445t to 507t.3. Two Artificial Islands 4. The Immersed Tube Tunnel The water resistance ratio must be limited to 10% to prevent accumulation of sediment at the Lingdingyang Channel, otherwise it will impose serious impact on the Pearl River flow path and flood-discharge capacity, according to a government report. Due to the long distances between the cities, the project is actually a series of bridges and tunnels, connected by artificial islands，this was the first time China has built an immersed tube tunnel （沉管隧道）in open waters.The 33 tubes will compose a 5.6-kilometer immersed-tube tunnel, which is designed to be an important part of the bridge. Each of the tube, with a weight of 80,000 tons and a length of 180 meters, takes about two months to build.4. The Immersed Tube Tunnel 5.The SignificancesBritish newspaper “The Guardian” named the megastructure one of its “seven wonders of the modern world near completion.” It will be the first new land transport link between the east and west coasts of the Pearl River, The bridge will benefit the economic development of the whole of the Delta. The bridge will create a regional transport network, improving upon what is considered to be a weak land transport network currently in place The End! Thanks for your attention! 。