七年级语法复习 动词be（is,am,are）的用法•我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)•单数名词用is，复数名词全用areEg:Your house is very big. Your houses are all very big.•变否定，更容易，be后not加上去Eg:•变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃Eg:Is your house very big?•还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记 this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that如： Eg:This is a flower. 这是一朵花近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that如： This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔那是一支铅笔4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…如： This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写如： This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车那是一辆轿车 •(6)打时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that如： —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁？ •注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you? •(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that如： ①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ —Yes, it is. 是的，它是 ②—What’s that? 那是什么？ —It’s a kite. 是只风筝 3．these和those用法 (1)this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。
那是莉莉的 床 ②These pictures are good. 那些画很好 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？(2)在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复如：Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是 4．名词＋’s所有格（1）单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”： 如：Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈 （2）以s结尾的复数名词，只加“ ’ ” 如：Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书 （3） 不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ ’s ” 如：Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋 （4）表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s 如：Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈) （5）表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’s 如：Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子） 5．There be句型 •(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。
其基本结构为“There be＋某物（某人）＋某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构： •There be放句首，主语跟在后地、时放句末，强调置前头如： There is a book on the desk. •有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首如： On the desk there is a book. •(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀： •Be动词，有三个，am，is还有areThere be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are如： ①There is a tree behind the house. ②There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）. ③There are some pears in the box. •(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。
也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are如： ①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor. 6．like一词的用法•like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”• (1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物如： I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩 •(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好如： Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球 •(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为如： I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视 7．句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素 (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。
如：She is a girl. →They are girls. (2)am，is要变为are如： I’m a student. →We are students. (3)不定冠词a，an要去掉如： He is a boy. →They are boys. (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式如： It is an apple. →They are apples. (5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those如：This is a box. →These are boxes. 8．英语日期的表示法•英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词如：On Monday •用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)•也可以用日+月+年来表示如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)•英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on 9.时间的表达法 •(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen •(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。
以30分为分界线） 1:25 twenty - five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five •(3)12小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分 •(4)24小时制 13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分 •(5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six (6)时间前通常用at. at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m. 10. want用法 •(1)想干什么用want to do sth They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部 •(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化 ①He wants to play basketball. ②Li Xia wants to play the piano. •(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does. ①－Do you want to play soccer ball ? －Yes , I do . / No , I don’t. ②－Does he want to go home by bus ? －Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t 11否定句•含有否定词not或 no的句子。
•改否定句的方法：先加后借 ①在句中找到Be动词（am, is, are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），在它后面加not；②找不到以上词时，借don’t或doesn’t，放在动词前•注意：句子是三单主语时，借doesn’t；不是三单主语时，借do. 并且：doesn’t一出现，三单式要滚蛋练习1.She is an American girl2.I have a good friend3.She lives in london4.We go to school by bike 12英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的，用Yes或No回答的疑问句•Ⅰ、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句①Am I …? Yes,you are./No,you aren’t.②Are you …? Yes,I am./No,I’m not.③Is he/she/it…? Yes,he/she/it is. No,he/she/it isn’t.④Are we/you/they …? Yes,we/we/they are. No,we/we/they aren’t.•Ⅱ、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句 Can…… ? Yes,…can. No,…can’t(cannot).•Ⅲ、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句①Do you +行为动词 ？Yes,I do/No, I don’t.②Do we/you/they+行为动词 ？Yes,we/they do. No, we/they don’t.③Does he/she/it+行为动词 ？Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t. 注意事项：•1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格，即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等，不能出现其它词，特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。
•2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词，因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时，一定不能缩写如：不能用Yes,I’m;•Yes,he’s;Yes,they’re.•3、am not 不能缩写，如：No,I’m not不能用No.I amn’t.•4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾如：不能说• Yes,he isn’t; No,I do; Yes,she doesn’t. •改一般疑问句的方法：先找后借 ①在句中找到Be动词（am, is, are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），把它提到句首；②找不到以上词时，借Do或Does，放在句首•注意：句子是三单主语时，借Does；不是三单主语时，借Do.并且：Does一出现，三单式要滚蛋练习：•He likes his family members.——Does he like his family members?•We are singing and dancing.——Are you singing and dancing?•Mary can ride a bike.——Can Mary ride a bike?•There is some water in the cup.——Is there some water in the cup? 13特殊疑问句• 以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。
常用的疑问词有：what who whose where how why等回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes/no，要问什么答什么• 特殊疑问句的结构：疑问词＋一般疑问句？•对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句方法如下：①把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词，放在句首；②把没划线部分改为一般疑问句，放在疑问词后•提示：划线部分在句首时，只需第①步，没划线的词照抄如： Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang. ------Who goes shopping with Miss Wang? 1、目前所学的动词的形式有4 种： ①动词原形；如：do;have;like•②动词的三单式（常在动词原形后加s）；如：get-gets•③动词不定式（to+动词原形）；如：meet-to meet•④动词ing式（动词原形后加ing）如：look-looking 2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语•Would you like +to+动词原形? （你想要……吗？）•How about+动词ing ?（……怎么样？……好不好？）•What about +动词ing? （……怎么样？……好不好？）•Why not +动词原形? （为什么不……呢？）•Why don’t you +动词原形 ？（你为什么不……呢？）•Let’s +动词原形.（让我们……吧。
• 表示同意、答应：①Yes,I’d like to./Oh,I’d love to.• ②All right/OK.③Great!④Sure.•⑤Good idea!⑥Thanks.I’ll be glad to• ⑦Thanks.That would be very nice.⑧I’d like that.•表示不同意、拒绝：•①No,thanks.②Sorry,I can’t.•③I’d like to.But I’m afraid I can’t/I have no time. 3、目前学过的情态动词有can, may,could,would和will等五个学好情态动词必须把握三个用法：•①后必须跟动词原形 ；•②没有三单式（其后不能加s）；•③可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句；•可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句 4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式（to+动词原形）的有：•①would like to+动词原形（想要做某事）; • want to+动词原形（想要做某事）;•②forget to+动词原形（忘记要做某事）; •③like to +动词原形（喜欢做某事）;• love to +动词原形（喜欢做某事）•④ask sb. to +动词原形.（请/叫某人做某事）• tell sb. to +动词原形.（告诉/叫某人做某事）• would like sb. to +动词原形.（想叫某人做某事）• want sb. to +动词原形.（想叫某人做某事）•⑤have to +动词原形（必须/不得不做某事）• ⑥Nice/Glad/happy to +动词原形（很高兴做某事）• 如：Nice to meet you.• I’m glad to be here.• ⑦It’s time to +动词原形（是做某事的时候了）• It’s very kind/nice of you to help me. ★★英语的一些重要原则★★•①英文句子中至少有一个动词，用来作谓语。
如：• 我很高兴-----误：I very happy.正：I am very happy.• 她最喜欢熊猫.------误：She favorite pandas.(favorite不是动词)•正：She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas.•②同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词• 误：I am at six get up. 正：I am get up at six. • 误：Are you want to go for a picnic?(Are改为Do)•③句子中的单数名词前要带冠词，或用复数名词来表示类别• 误：orange is orange. 正：An orange is orange/ Oranges are orange.• 误：He is doctor.(他是医生) 正：He is a doctor. •④限定词的唯一原则• 限定词是指(1)冠词（定冠词，不定冠词）、(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词所有格、(5)量词(some, any, no,many , much等)，这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。
•如：我的一本书--- 误：my a book 正：my book• 吉姆的这个风筝---误：Jim’s this/the kite正：Jim’s kite• your the bike the some animals that a bus•⑤形容词放在名词前的顺序•数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+地方出处+名词• my small yellow desk 我的小黄桌• an old brown English house 一座旧的棕色的英式房子•⑥英文句子结构顺序• 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点•Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing.•主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +小时间+大时间 + 小地点 + 大地点 一般现在时 •1. 构成：主语+动词+其他 •2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词 •3. 否定句：•1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not Eg. I can’t play football. • 2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形 Eg. I don’t like football. She doesn’t like football. •4. 疑问句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前 Eg. Can you swim? •2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。
Eg. Does she like football 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 现在进行时 •1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他 2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律：• 1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working •2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking •3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping •4）特殊变化, lie—lying •3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, it’s o’clock„ •4. 否定句：be动词后加not • Eg. She is not listening to music. •5. 疑问句：将be动词提前• Eg . Is she listening to music? •6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 三．一般将来时 •1. 构成：主语+be going to/will+动词原形 •2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 •3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not Eg. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前 Eg. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 四．一般过去时 •1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他 •2. 标志：yesterday, just now, „ago, this morning, when I was young,last„等 •3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律： •1）一般动词结尾加-ed, eg. Walk--walked •2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, eg. Live--lived •3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, eg. Hurry—hurried •4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop –stopped •4. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not • Eg. I was not in Chengdu last year.•2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形 • Eg. I didn’t telephone my parents yesterday. •5. 疑问句：1) 动词be过去式提前 • Eg. Were you in Chengdu last year? •2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形 •Eg. Did you telephone my parents yesterday? •6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 用正确的动词形式填空。
• 1.The children are ___________ (run) there now. •2.-I _______ up at half past six this morning. (get ) My father always _______(come) back from work very late. •3.My mother _________ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy) •4.Listen! Who__________ (sing) in the music room? Oh. Mary _____________(sing) there. •5.They _______________ a meeting yesterday. ( not have) •6.- ______ you _________ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry, I don’t have any. •7.She likes eggs, but she _____________ (not like) bread. •8.My mother ________ (tell) me a story every night. •9.-- How much meat ________ you _______ (want) ? -- A kilo, please. •10.Someone ______ (be) in the next room. runninggotcomesbought is singing is singingdidn't haveDohavedoesn't liketellsdo wantis •11.There _____ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box. •12.You must _______ (get) here at two this afternoon. •13.The twins _________ thirteen two years ago. (be) •14.The teacher is busy. He only __________ (sleep) five hours a day. •15.Look! The bus ____________________ (come). •16.She __________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. • 17.What _______ he _________ (like)? •18.He __________ (teach) English in a middle school. •19.She always ________ (do) your homework well. •20.--What ________ she ___________ (do)? --She ________________ (clean) her room now.isgetweresleepsis cominggoesdoesliketeachesdoesisdoingis cleaning 形容词 （1） 在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。
但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时，要放于其后 Eg. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious. •(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后 Eg. This kind of dress is expensive. •(3) 以a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语 Eg. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room. •(4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后 Eg. The good news makes us very happy. 副词 •副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前 • Eg. I can’t hear you clearly. 3. 比较级用法（1） 可以单独使用 •eg. I hope to do better in English. （2） 和than一起用 •eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao（3） 其他几种用法 a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？ Who/Which + be+比较级， A or B? •Eg. Who did better, Lucy or Lily? b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围（in/of„） =比较级+than any of the others+ in/of„ =比较级+than the other+n.+in/of„(在同一范围内比较) 比较级+than any + n.+ in/of„(在两个不同范围内比较 ) Eg. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class • Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. • c. 越来越怎么样？“比较级+and+比较级”• Eg. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+of the two” Eg. My mother is the busier of the two e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等 4. 最高级用法 用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。
a. 最高级+范围 •Eg. Changjian is the longest river in China. b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围（of/in短语），表示“最„„的„„之一” •Eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China. c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围，表示“„„是„„的第几” •Eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. •注：有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换 • •一．一． 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： • • 1 1. . few____ _____ few____ _____ 2 2．．little______ _____ little______ _____ • •3 3. .bad/ badly _____ bad/ badly _____ 4.far____ _____ 4.far____ _____ • • 5.good/well _____ 5.good/well _____ 6. many/much _____ ______ 6. many/much _____ ______ • • • • 二、写出下列形容词的副词形式：二、写出下列形容词的副词形式： • •1. heavy_________ 2. happy ________ 3. nice________1. heavy_________ 2. happy ________ 3. nice________• •4. careful______4. careful______ 5. easy________ 5. easy________ 6. angry________ 6. angry________ • •7. slow ________7. slow ________ 8. quick_______ 8. quick_______ 9 . good________9 . good________• •10. hard________ 11. bad_________10. hard________ 11. bad_________ 12.healthy_____12.healthy_____fewer fewestless leastworse worst深的 further furthest远的 farther farthestbetter bestmore mostheavilyhappilynicelycarefullyeasilyangrilyslowlyquicklywellhardbadlyhealthily •三、用所给词的恰当形式填空。
•1.Which is __ __ _ __ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth? •2.Which is __ ___ _ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one? •3.This mooncake is _ _ _ _ (cheap) of all. •4.He is __ _ __ __ (strong) in the class. •5.Maths is _ ___ ___ ___ __ ( difficult) of the two subjects. •6. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I. •7. Mary’s parents have four daughters, and she is the ________ (young) child. •8. Dick can sing ________ (well), and she sings ________(well) than John, but Mary sings ______(well) in her class. •9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house. •10. His handwriting is ______ than yours. (bad)the biggestmore beautifulthe cheapest the strongestmore difficultolderyoungestwellbetterbesthappierworse 四、选择正确的答案 。
•1.Which does Jimmy like _______, Chinese , English or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much •2. The Changjiang River is one of ______ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more longer C. the longest rivers D. longer river •3. The pen is ______ than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper •4. There are _______ girls in Class 2 than in Class 4. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best •5. Tingting is _____ than Meimei,but Meimei is ______ than Tingting. A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongestt C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger •6. Mother is _______ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy •7. She is _______ than me at drawing. A. better B. best C. good D. harderBCC CA AD DC CA A •8. This blue sweater is too big for me. Will you please show me a ______ one? A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest •9. The air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a few years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest •10. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ______than before. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 11. — Tom is good at drawing. How about Mike? — Mike is ______, I think. He has got more prizes（获奖）than Tom. A. well B. OK C. good D. better •12. —Which is ______ river in China? — The Changjiang River. A. longer B. the longest C. longest D. the longer •13．If there is less homework, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time •14. I feel __ better than yesterday. A. more B. very C. much •15. This schoolbag is _______ and sells______ . A. well, well B. nice, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well 。