CET-6Writing CET-6 Writing§一、出题方式：命题作文、看图画或图表作文，一、出题方式：命题作文、看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章〔英文或中文〕写出文章概要或大根据所给文章〔英文或中文〕写出文章概要或大意，给出关键词作文等意，给出关键词作文等§字数要求：字数要求：§at least 120 words (before 2003)§at least 150 words (since 2003)§建议：无论提纲是几点，都要写三至四段建议：无论提纲是几点，都要写三至四段§看图画作文〔考研〕看图画作文〔考研〕§1. 漫画漫画 2. 社会热点社会热点 §二、评分标准二、评分标准§1、评分原那么：、评分原那么：§四六级作文采用总体评分四六级作文采用总体评分(global scoring)的方的方法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出鼓励法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出鼓励(reward scores),而不是按语言点的错误数给分而不是按语言点的错误数给分§第一段要推敲第一段要推敲§第二段要有主题句第二段要有主题句§第三段总结第三段总结§看作文看两点：第一看组织结构，第二看语看作文看两点：第一看组织结构，第二看语言表达。
言表达 §2、检查五个方面的语言点错误、检查五个方面的语言点错误§1) 检查三个一致：主谓一致，时态一致，单复数一致§2) 拼写错误§强烈反对文章内容的修改 (明显的跑题内容才重要)§3) 格式2种:§(1) 每一段缩进4个字母，每一段之间不空行 (传统格式)§(2) 每一段顶格写，每一段之间空一行 (流行格式) §三、常考文体的写作三、常考文体的写作§1. 应用文应用文§1.1 写信写信 1.2 图表作文图表作文§2.说明文说明文§3.1 正反观点型正反观点型 3.2 问题解决型问题解决型§3.3 现象比照型现象比照型 3.4 论证说理型论证说理型 历年历年CET-6写信作文写信作文§2001年年6月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions (given in Chinese) below:§表示欢送表示欢送§提出对度假安排的建议提出对度假安排的建议§提醒应注意的事项提醒应注意的事项§ A Letter to a Schoolmate §2002年年1月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、效劳等，可以是表扬，可以是价格、环境、效劳等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
批评建议，也可以兼而有之§A Letter to the University President§ about the Canteen Service on Campus §2004年年6月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore. You should write at least 150 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese.§设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的效劳态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写问题，书店的效劳态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信信中必须包括以下内容：信信中必须包括以下内容：§1. 事情的起因事情的起因§2. 与书店交涉的经过与书店交涉的经过§3. 呼吁效劳行业必须提高效劳质量呼吁效劳行业必须提高效劳质量§A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper §2005年年1月月 〔写一封公开信〕〔写一封公开信〕§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an open letter on behalf of the students union asking people to give help to a student who is seriously ill. You should write at least 150 words following the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况况§2. 目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理要护理§3. 希望捐助，联系方式希望捐助，联系方式§Your Help Needed §2006年年1月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to a company declining a job offer. You should write at least 150 words following the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 对公司提供职位表示感谢§2. 解释为何不能接受所提供的职位§3. 希望给予谅解，并表达对公司的良好祝愿§A Letter Declining a Job Offer §1. 应用文应用文§1.1 写信写信§1.1.1 英文信封的写法英文信封的写法 §1) 在信封的左上角写「寄信人」的名在信封的左上角写「寄信人」的名字和住址。
字和住址 §2) 在信封的中间或右下角偏左的地方在信封的中间或右下角偏左的地方写「收信人」的名字和住址写「收信人」的名字和住址 §3) 寄信人不自称寄信人不自称Mr.、、Mrs.或或Miss，但，但是在收信人的姓名前那么必须加上尊称是在收信人的姓名前那么必须加上尊称Mr.、、Mrs.或或Miss以示礼貌以示礼貌 §4) 住址的写法与中文相反；英文住址住址的写法与中文相反；英文住址原那么上是由小至大，如必须先写门牌原那么上是由小至大，如必须先写门牌号码、街路名称，再写城市、省〔州号码、街路名称，再写城市、省〔州〕和邮政区号，最后一行那么写上国家〕和邮政区号，最后一行那么写上国家的名称 §5) 在信封的右上角贴上邮票 §6) 信封上的邮政区号(zip code)，在美国州名之后以五位数阿拉伯数字表示，前三位数代表州或都市，后两位数表示邮区，至于邮政区号10027的念法是one double o two seven §7) 住址中常用字：有简写的多用简写： 楼 . 2F) 巷 Lane ( e.g. Lane 194) 段 Section；Sec. (e.g. Sec.Ⅱ ) 弄 Alley (e.g. Alley 6) 路 Road；Rd. (e.g. Chunghua Rd.) 街 Street；St. (e.g. Yangkwang St.) §1.1.2 英文信的写法英文信的写法 §1) 信头：信头：包括写信人地址和写信日期，应放在书信正文右上角；六级考试中信头总是已经给出或可以省略。
§2) 称呼：称呼：根据收信人性别、职务、婚姻状况、姓名等个人信息使用，如Mr./ Mrs. White, Professor Black, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad不清楚收信人具体姓名或职务等情况，可以写成：Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern §3) 正文正文 (Body)§(1) Body局部顶格写，段落之间要空行；局部顶格写，段落之间要空行；§或或Body局部段首空六格，段落之间不要空行局部段首空六格，段落之间不要空行§(2)书信题写作五点根本结构书信题写作五点根本结构§开门见山说意图开门见山说意图§咨询建议一二三咨询建议一二三§不同内容可分段不同内容可分段§感谢客气不可少感谢客气不可少§期盼回信成老套期盼回信成老套§4) 结束语：写在正文下面二至三行处较正式结束语：写在正文下面二至三行处较正式的信件多采用的信件多采用Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Your truly等；私人信件多采用等；私人信件多采用yours, With love, Yours affectionately等。
等§5)签名：应写在结束语的下面签名：应写在结束语的下面 Foreign Language School Hunan Agricultural University Changsha City, 410128 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China November 2nd, 2009EditorNewsweek International355 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10022U.S.A.Dear Editor: … Truly yours, (Signature) §格式二格式二§ A Letter to …§ 4th, December, 2021§Dear Sir/Madam, // To whom it may concern,§……§……§…… §Yours sincerely,§Li Ming §Sample 1:§Directions:§ You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.§ Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly.§ Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming〞〞 instead.§ Do not write the address. §Dear Sir/Madam, / To whom it may concern, § I am writing to tell you that I want to make a contribution to Project Hope by giving financial support to a child who lives in a remote area. § Would you please help me find such a candidate? Firstly, the child should live in the west of Hunan Province. Because I come from that area too. I hope I can so something for my hometown. Secondly, the child should be a girl from a farmer’s family. Since girls in the countryside in China are usually given fewer chances to receive education, I really hope I can help girls. Thirdly, the child’s family should be so poor that her parents can not afford her tuition and she has to drop out of school. Last but not least, the girl should be warm –hearted and always willing to help others. § How will I carry out my plan of helping the girl? To begin with, I will post 200 RMB to the girl every month. At the same time, some clothes and stationeries will be sent to her. Moreover, I will write letters to her often. I will do my best to encourage her to study hard and to be confident. Furthermore, I will go to her hometown to see her in the summer or winter vacation. Lastly, I will also invite her to my home and take her to visit some places of interest in holidays. In this way, I think her horizons will be broadened.§ Your help will be greatly appreciated!§ § Sincerely yours,§ Li Ming §Sample 2:§ 假设你是李静，因为东假设你是李静，因为东南亚地区发生海啸而呼吁人南亚地区发生海啸而呼吁人们要保护地球。
写一封呼吁们要保护地球写一封呼吁信，信的内容应该包括：信，信的内容应该包括：§ 1. 人类破坏行为导致的人类破坏行为导致的严重后果；严重后果；§ 2. 呼吁人们重视地球环呼吁人们重视地球环境；境；§ 3. 提出建议或解决措施提出建议或解决措施 §To everyone on our planet,§ Over the past years, floods, droughts, dust storms, landslides (山体滑坡), mud-rock / debris flow (泥石流), hurricanes (飓风) / typhoon (台风) / tornado (龙卷风) / cyclone (旋风，龙卷风), earthquakes and tsunami / seismic sea wave (海啸) have frequented our planet, the sole habitat of human beings. Several months ago, a tsunami has swept Southeast Asia, causing enormous damage. Numerous disasters like this one have sounded an alarm to human beings. § It is a common sense that nowadays, only from our planet can we obtain our shelter, food, clothes and so on. If the earth is damaged, we will have nowhere to live. Though natural disasters like earthquakes are beyond our control, the destruction caused by human beings can be controlled to a certain extent. Such destruction has aroused people’s concern all the over the world. If we pay no attention to the present destructive human activities, our planet will be a tomb instead of a cozy home. § Counter-measures must be taken to control the destruction to the Earth caused by human beings. First of all, laws must be established to punish those who are involved in destructive conduct. Second, enterprises and individuals who are in support of an environment-friendly society should be encouraged with honors and rewards. Third, more publicity should be given to environmental protection, thus making every citizen be aware of the responsibility to protect the environment.§ § Sincerely yours,§ Li Jing Homework§假设你是李静，你想向校长申请参加西北大开发，你要给校长写一封信，信的内容包括：§ 1. 表达自己想要参加西北大开发的愿望；§ 2. 简要说明自己的理由。
历年历年CET-6图表型作文图表型作文§1991年年6月月 〔图表作文〕〔图表作文〕§Car Accidents Declining in Walton City§1992年年1月月 〔图表作文〕〔图表作文〕§Film is Giving Way to TV§1996年年6月〔图表作文〕月〔图表作文〕§Health Gains in Developing Countries §2002年年6月月 〔图表作文〕〔图表作文〕§Student Use of Computers§Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week§In 1990: 2.5 hours per week§In 1995: 3.5 hours per week§In 2000: 19.5 hours per week§1. 上图所示为上图所示为1990年、年、1995年、年、2000年某校年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；§2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因〔可从计算机请说明发生这些变化的原因〔可从计算机的用途、价格或社会开展等方面加以说明〕；的用途、价格或社会开展等方面加以说明〕；§3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
困难或问题 §2003年年6月月 (图表作文图表作文)§Changes in the Ownership of Houses§In 1990: state-owned : private: 75:25§In 1995: state-owned : private: 60:40§In 2000: state-owned : private: 20:80§1. 根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化§2. 分析产生这些变化的原因§3. 说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响 §2006年年6月月 (图表作文图表作文)§Traveling Abroad§Number of people in City X traveling abroad in 1995, 2000 and 2005§In 1995: 10,000 people§In 2000: 38,000 people§In 2005: 127,500 people§1. 近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择处境旅游§2. 出现这种现象的原因§3. 这种现象可能产生的影响 1.2 图表作文图表作文§表格表格(Table)、、Bar Chart (柱状图柱状图)、、 Pie Chart (饼状饼状图图)、、 §Graph (曲线图曲线图)、、 Line Graph(线形图线形图)、、§第一段：写图表的总的感觉第一段：写图表的总的感觉§开门见山地描述数据，分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，开门见山地描述数据，分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，接着说明数据所反映的现象或问题，点明本图表所反接着说明数据所反映的现象或问题，点明本图表所反映的主题。
映的主题§(figure , describe, tell, show, represent，，etc.)§第二段：写出现该现象的原因第二段：写出现该现象的原因§说明造成数据间差异、变化等的理由，注意层次、逻说明造成数据间差异、变化等的理由，注意层次、逻辑清晰合理辑清晰合理§(one of the reasons was…, another reason was…, rise, drop, reduce, increase, decrease, fall, while, but, on the contrary, however, compare…to/with…, in contrast to, as… as, the same as, more than, less than, etc.) §第三段第三段:归纳总结或发表评论归纳总结或发表评论§陈述个人观点，指出这些现象、问题的后果或陈述个人观点，指出这些现象、问题的后果或带来的影响，并指出解决措施等带来的影响，并指出解决措施等§(in short, generally speaking, It is clear from the chart that…,We can draw the conclusion that…, We can learn/know… etc.)§有三种写法：有三种写法：§1. 如果图表反映的是坏现象，建议采取什么措如果图表反映的是坏现象，建议采取什么措施。
施§2. 如果图表反映的是好现象，展望未来〔如：如果图表反映的是好现象，展望未来〔如：汽车事故减少〕汽车事故减少〕§3.如果图表反映的是非好非坏的现象，发表作如果图表反映的是非好非坏的现象，发表作者自己的看法〔如：电影，电视〕者自己的看法〔如：电影，电视〕§You should quote as few figures as possible. §六级图表作文的要求：六级图表作文的要求： 挖掘图表后面的内涵挖掘图表后面的内涵 §模式模式§It can be seen from the graph/table/figure that…Why are there such great changes during ...years? In my opinion…reasons contribute to it.§First/At first,… Secondly/In addition,/ Moreover/… Finally…§In conclusion/To sum up/In short/ All in all… §Sample 1: §Car Accident Declining in Walton City (1991. 6)§ According to the graph /As can be seen from the graph, the rise and fall rate of the car accidents in Walton City varies in different seasons. From January to March last year it increased by 68%, from March to June it dropped by about half of the previous rate; and from June to August there was a steep rise of 66.6%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease, and this makes us confident that car accidents are declining in Walton City. § There are three reasons for this improvement. First, new traffic regulations have made drivers more careful. Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation. And third, in the late part of the year, good weather made the roads safer to drive on.§ This year, major roads have been repaired and the number of public buses has been increased. Moreover, a traffic safety campaign has made all the local people more careful of the danger of the unsafe driving. So, I am confident there will even be fewer car accidents in Walton City in future. §Sample 2:§The Number of Scholars Returning §from Overseas over the Past Years§In 1984: about 1,200§In 1994: about 6,000§In 2004: about 25,000§1. 上图反映了近年来留学归国学者人数的变化，对此进行描述；§2. 分析产生这一现象的原因。
Scholars Returning from Overseas§ As is vividly portrayed in the chart above, the number of scholars returning from overseas has been climbing over the past few years and rocketed to 25 thousand in the year of 2004. People may wonder what is behind these amazing figures. The foremost reasons for the tremendous increase clearly revealed in the chart above can be illustrated as follows. § To begin with, a set of preferential policies has contributed to the increase of the number of returning scholars. To motivate students studying overseas to return, our government has set up a suite of preferential policies in terms of salaries, housing, choice of jobs, and children’s education. Without these preferential policies, the number of returning scholars would not have increased so dramatically.§ Moreover, the rapid development of our motherland has led to the increase in the number of scholars returning from overseas. Ever since 1978 when China launched the reform and opening-up policy, its economy has been developing at an astonishing speed. The robust economy §has laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of scientific study, which makes China a most inviting country to both overseas Chinese and foreigners. Therefore, without the great leap of our country over the past few decades, the increase in the number of returning scholars would be impossible either.§ To sum up, our preferential policies and the rapid development of our country are the foundations of the increase revealed in the chart above. Homework§Rush for Postgraduate Study§In 2000: 380,000§In 2001: 435,000§In 2002: 620,000§In 2003: 800,000§In 2004: 955,000§1. 上图所示为近几年报考研究生的人数，描述其变化并说明其原因； §2. 阐述你对考研热的观点。
请假条请假条 (written request for leave) 请病假请病假 (note for sick leave) / 请事假请事假 (leave of absence) §To: Peter Stone, Manager § From: Lynn Chen, Financial Department§ Date: Nov. 2nd, 2021§ Subject: Casual Leave of Absence§ Peter, I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence for one day on Nov. 4th, this Wednesday. §This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to come to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth. I have been experiencing a stinging pain, depriving me of my sleep during the past fortnight. The situation could worsen, should infection occur. §Concerning my workload: As Wednesday is not as busy as the other weekdays, I think a one-day leave this Wednesday may be the best solution. I apologize for the inconvenience my absence from work may cause. §Thanks. I will call you at 1:30 p.m. or you can call me at any time. Writing §Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster inviting freshmen to join a student association. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:§1. 协会正在招募新成员§2. 协会的历史、宗旨和开展的活动§3. 如何参加，联系方式 Sample§ We, English Club, are recruiting new members. Those with a keen love for English may join us on the great trip of indulging in the world of English.§ English Club is a 20-year-old student-run organization in our school, which has enjoyed great popularity among students over so many years. It is established to provide an environment for students with common interest in English speaking, writing and other related English areas. § Our activities center around improving our members’ English skills and promoting friendship and fun among our members. The Club is most famed for its traditional activity – English Corner held every Thursday, where English lovers gather together, making friends, exchanging ideas and most importantly improving their spoken English. We also play classical English movies free of charge to our members, and put on English dramas acted by our members, just to name a few. § Come and join us if you have an interest in English studies and want to have fun as well. Interested students please call 2233567 or send an email to English-. And 100RMB membership fee is needed. 历年历年CET-6型说明文型作文型说明文型作文§2000年年1月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§上大学的费用〔上大学的费用〔tuitions and fees〕可以通过〕可以通过多种途径解决。
多种途径解决§哪种途径适合我〔说明理由〕哪种途径适合我〔说明理由〕 §2001年年1月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 面试在求职过程中的作用§2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是…… §2.1 题型介绍题型介绍§以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐述事理的一种文体通过揭示概念来说明述事理的一种文体通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性一般可分事物的特征、本质及其规律性一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类§2.2 写作方法写作方法§主要有分类法、主要有分类法、 例证法、例证法、 比较法、因果比较法、因果关系法。
关系法 §2.2.1 分类法分类法§ 分类法是对同属不同类或同类不同种的人或事物，根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法分类标准必须统一，这样才能使分类对象具有统一性写作时应在段应在段首句点明主题，然后列举内容，得出合理的结论首句点明主题，然后列举内容，得出合理的结论如：§ As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favor of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group. §2.2.2 例证法例证法§ 例证法就是用具体例子来说明人或例证法就是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法，事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法，所用例子必须典型、有代表性，能表所用例子必须典型、有代表性，能表达人或事物的本质特征。
这是用特殊达人或事物的本质特征这是用特殊来说明一般的方法通常放在主题句来说明一般的方法通常放在主题句后，用后，用For example, For instance, such as, namely, that is to say, frequently, especially, in general, in particular, to illustrate等短语引导出具体的例子等短语引导出具体的例子如：如：§ Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods – everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we and buy and sell. §2.2.3 比较法比较法§ 比较法就是有意识地把两种相反的事物或同一事物比较法就是有意识地把两种相反的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起，用比较的方法加以相反、相对的两个方面放在一起，用比较的方法加以描述或说明。
在进行比较时，通常可采用两种方式：描述或说明在进行比较时，通常可采用两种方式：第一种方式采用第一种方式采用“先先A后后B〞的结构，即〞的结构，即A1, A2, A3……; B1, B2, B3……第二种方式采用第二种方式采用“AB交错〞交错〞的结构，即的结构，即A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3……如：§ It is easy to be winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointments publicly. They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness.§ I like having a twin sister. When she is happy, I am happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she’s going to say. Sometimes, I know what she is thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books. §2.2.4 因果关系法因果关系法§ 事物变化开展的原因和结果是密切联系的。
事物变化开展的原因和结果是密切联系的如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一现象的发生，如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一现象的发生，那么这两个现象之间就有因果关系因果关系那么这两个现象之间就有因果关系因果关系包括包括“由果推因〞和由果推因〞和“由因推果〞两种情况由因推果〞两种情况考试时只有存在必然因果关系的两个事物才能考试时只有存在必然因果关系的两个事物才能用此方法写作中常用用此方法写作中常用because, as, since, so, now that, if… then, the reason is that…等表达因等表达因果如：§ Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colorful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy. §Sample §1. 说明健康的重要性；§2. 介绍保持健康的方法。
§ Good Health§ Good health is the most valuable treasure a person can possess. It is very difficult for a person, no matter how rich, powerful or learned he may be, to be happy without good health. Therefore, good health is the greatest wealth. There are a number of useful rules which will ensure good health if we follow them. § First of all, the body needs to be kept clean. We should wash ourselves at least once a week in winter and once a day in summer. We should also make sure that our rooms are always full of fresh air, because oxygen in fresh air is necessary for life. Moreover, we should get adequate nutrition. And the muscles must all be exercised, although not to excess. Last but not least, sleep is very valuable, during which the mind is kept as calm and peaceful as possible. We cannot have good health unless our brain has been renewed by sleep.§ The human body is quite fantastic. It is far more delicate than a machine. Everyone must be the engineer and firefighter for his own body in order to be healthy. Homework§1. 介绍MP3播放器的用途并举例；§2. 指出MP3播放器的不利影响。
§The Functions of an MP3 Player 2. CET-6作文作文议论文议论文四大主要类型四大主要类型2.1 正反观点型2.2 问题解决型 2.3 现象比照型2.4 论证说理型 2.1 正反观点型正反观点型§1993年年6月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View On Opportunity. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有些人认为时机是很少的有些人认为时机是很少的§2. 另一些人那么认为人人都有某种时机另一些人那么认为人人都有某种时机§3. 我的看法我的看法 §1995年年6月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Fireworks Be Banned? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？§2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？§3. 我的看法。
§1996年年1月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the title Why I Take College English Test Band 6? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有些人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试§2. 我参加CET-6的理由 §1997年年6月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…§2. 一些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…§3. 我的看法 §1999年年6月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有人认为读书要有选择§2. 有人认为应当博览群书§3. 我的看法 §2000年年6月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is A Test Of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 很多人认为有必要举行口语考试，理由是……§2. 也有些人持不同意见§3. 我的看法和打算§ A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). §2007年年6月月 §Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? §1. 有人做好事期望得到回报；§2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；§3. 我的观点。
§2021年年6月月 §Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?§1.随着信息技术的开展，电随着信息技术的开展，电子图书越来越多子图书越来越多§2.有人认为电子图书会取代有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是传统图书，理由是…… §2021年年6月月 §On the Importance of a Name§1.有人说名字〔或名称〕有人说名字〔或名称〕很重要很重要§2.也有人觉得名字〔或名也有人觉得名字〔或名称〕无关紧要称〕无关紧要§3.我认为我认为…… 正反观点型正反观点型结构模式结构模式§1.提出问题……正反两种观点……提出自己支持的观点§2.提出正反两种不同观点……陈述自己支持的观点及原因……总结 §模式一：模式一：§…has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person. / There is an argument / no agreement / much disagreement among people concerning / over / as to…§Some people…In their opinions / They believe that… §On the contrary/ However/ Yet / While (some) other people / others hold / argue / maintain….They argue that…§For my part, I think / As to me / As far as I am concerned…/…In my opinion / All in all…(only in this way can)… §模式二：模式二：§Nowadays, people are divided on the question / view… Some (many) people think / It is generally held / agreed that…(While / However,…others claim / argue / maintain) that…§ §From my perspective, I’m firmly sided with the former / latter. There are several reasons responsible for my point. // But I think…/ In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / I, however…Firstly / For example… Secondly… Finally/Last but not least…§In short / In conclusion / Therefore / All in all…It may be safe to say that… §模式三：模式三： §When talking about …, people’s opinions differ. Some people think that … is good / a good way. But others may not agree. They emphasize that ….§Those who think that … believe that …. Moreover, …. Therefore, we must ….§From my point of view / As far as I am concerned, we should …. Only in this way, can we …. §Sample 1 (1995年年6月月)§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Fireworks Be Banned? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？§2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？§3. 我的看法。
(1)§ There is no denying the fact that setting off firecrackers has been a hotly debated topic in China. People’s opinions differ sharply on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that it is an ancient Chinese custom which should be preserved. They also claim that firecrackers make festivals and holiday occasions more colorful and entertaining for both adults and children. Without firecrackers, festivals would become d u l l a n d c h e e r l e s s . § Others, however, hold the opposite view. They maintain that firecrackers should be banned. They point out that firecrackers are responsible for fires, which destroy property, and for injuries suffered both by the people who set them off and by innocent bystanders. They also argue that firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.§ Personally, I believe that we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we should preserve the old custom of letting off firecrackers; on the other hand, we should make it harmless. This can be done by banning firecrackers from public places. In addition, the setting off of firecrackers should be r e s t r i c t e d t o f e s t i v a l d a y s . (2)§ There has been much controversy over setting off firecrackers in the past years, with each party owning convincing evidences. Those who are in favor of setting firecrackers claim that it is an ancient Chinese custom that should be preserved. They also argue that firecrackers make festivals and holiday occasions more colorful and entertaining for both adults and children. Without firecrackers, festivals would become cold and cheerless. § On the other hand, there are many people who are of the opinion that firecrackers should be banned. They point out that firecrackers are responsible for fires which destroy property, and for injuries suffered both by the people who set them off and by innocent bystanders. Besides, they maintain that firecrackers lead to a waste of money and resources.§ Personally, I think that both sides have something right. Actually, firecrackers should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both benefits and troubles. But we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize their advantages and minimize their unhealthy influence, so that they can b e n e f i t u s i n a b e t t e r w a y . Sample 2 Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?§ The number of E-books is constantly on the rise as a result of the rapid development of information technology. It is thought by some people that E-books might replace traditional books in some time because of various advantages of E-books over paper ones. §A great variety of reasons are held by people with the above viewpoint in which economy is the key factor to make such prediction attainable. To start with, since all E-books could be downloaded from the internet, most of which are free of charge, whereas paper books in book stores are relatively expensive. Besides, the popularity of E-books could reduce or even avoid the waste of paper. Finally, E-books can be easily stored in our computer or other portable disks while paper books usually occupy too much space on our shelves.§ In short, E-books have obviously become more and more popular in our daily life. As long as we can ensure the safety of E-books, we can enjoy a better life. Sample 3§Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: On College Students’ Renting Houses Off Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:§1. 眼下大学生在外租房居住的现象十分普遍§2. 比照分析在外租房居住和住在学校宿舍的利弊§3. 我的看法 On College Students’ Renting Houses Off Campus§ According to a recent survey, 18.7 percent of college students now live in their rented “homes〞 off campus instead of the assigned dormitories on campus. They say, in their own small kingdom, they are enjoying more freedom they deserve as grown-ups. It is estimated that another 4.8 percent undergraduates are thinking o f j o i n i n g t h e m . § It is undeniable that many dormitories are far from being satisfactory – small, shabby, noisy, stuffy in summer and freezing in winter. But the merits of living on campus outweigh its demerits. By sharing a room with others, one learns how to understand, compromise with and help each other as well as how to live a regular life. Through more communication, one is better informed and thus enjoys more opportunities. Besides, a lot of educational §facilities are near at hand and t h e accommodation fee is much lower than the monthly rent. Sure, if you rent a well-furnished room, you may live more comfortably and enjoy more freedom, but you are often lonely and insecure for lack of companions, and sometimes you might a b u s e y o u r f r e e d o m .§ So, move back to the dormitory. Maybe the conditions are not desirable, but it is real college life, and it is rewarding! 句型转换句型转换§1. According to a recent survey, …§→ A recent survey shows, that …§→ There is a new nationwide survey that reveals …§→ A survey conducted recently indicates that … §2. … 18.7 percent of college students now live in their rented “homes〞 off campus instead of the assigned dormitories on campus.§→ … there are 18.7 percent of college students now living in their rented “homes〞 off campus instead of the assigned dormitories on campus.§→ … 18.7 percent of college students now choose to live off campus instead of in the assigned dormitories on campus.§→ … with more and more students living in their rented “homes〞 instead of the assigned dormitories on campus, off campus population has reached 18.7 percent. §3. It is undeniable that …§→ It is true that …§→ True, …§→ Admittedly, …§4. But the merits of living on campus outweigh its demerits … §→ But the advantages of living on campus outweigh its disadvantages …§→ But the merits of living on campus carry more weight than its demerits …§→ But the advantages of living on campus are much greater than its disadvantages … §Sample 4§My View on Job-Hopping (1997. 6)§有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…§一些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…§我的看法§ Job-hopping, or frequent change of jobs, is becoming increasingly common in China today. As the economy grows, more opportunities for employment are appearing than before. The result is that people, especially young people, are tempted to change jobs frequently, seeking higher salaries or more interesting positions. § Nevertheless, many people prefer to stay in their old jobs. This is partly because they feel loyal to their work units, and partly because they dislike the idea of having to spend much time training for a new job. In addition, although a new job may offer higher pay or more opportunities for promotion, it may be located far from home and be inconvenient to reach.§ I think it is a good thing for the workforce to be flexible, so that new demands for personnel can be satisfied quickly. However, if a person changes jobs too often, he or she will cause losses to the employing units. Moreover, frequent job-hopping prevents a person from gaining valuable job experience and developing good work habits. §Homework§Going Abroad to Study§ 现在国内有很多家长把孩子送到国外求学，你认为这样对孩子是有利还是有弊？说明你的观点和理由。
2.2 问题解决型问题解决型§1995年年1月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisement. You should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: §1. 现在有些不良的商业广告§2. 这些广告的副作用和危害性§3. 我对这些广告的态度§You should write at least 120 words and remember to write in readable handwriting. §1997年年12月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害§2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品 §2003年年1月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 当前社会上存在许多不老实的现象当前社会上存在许多不老实的现象§2. 老实利人利己，做人应该老实老实利人利己，做人应该老实 §2004年年1月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重§2. 浪费的危害§3. 杜绝浪费，从我做起 §2005年年6月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products. You should write at least 150 words following the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 目前盗版的现象比较严重目前盗版的现象比较严重§2. 造成这种现象的原因及其危害造成这种现象的原因及其危害§3. 我们应该怎么做我们应该怎么做§Useful words and expressions:§盗版：盗版：piracy (n.)§盗版产品：盗版产品：pirated products §知识产权：知识产权：intellectual property rights§侵犯版权：侵犯版权：infringe sb.’s copyright; copyright infringement §2006年年12月月§The Importance of Reading Classics§1. 阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要§2. 现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是…§3. 我们大学生应该怎么做 §2021年年12月月§How to Improve Students’ Mental Health?§1. 大学生的心理健康十分重要大学生的心理健康十分重要§2. 为此，学校可以为此，学校可以……§3. 我们自己应该我们自己应该…… 问题解决型问题解决型结构模式结构模式描述情形描述情形…..分析原因及解分析原因及解决方法决方法……结论结论 §问题解决型〔阐述原因、描述危害题〕§第二段：写原因 〔分两个层面〕§对国家 / 政府 / 社会的危害§对普通百姓的危害 §模式模式§(With) …there are…such as / for example…among which/ those…I../They have caused much harm / problems/fear…(Take…for example) / The reasons are as follows / Where do the problems lie?§To begin with…Secondly / Besides / In addition / Furthermore…Finally / Last but not the least / What’s more… But how to solve…(some people…others…) In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / For my part, I t h i n k … ( F i r s t … S e c o n d … ) T h e r e f o r e … .§O n l y i n t h i s w a y / B y d o i n g s o … §黄金模板黄金模板§ Today, … has become a serious problem which can be seen everywhere, such as ….§ Some people think that …. They usually …. So they don’t pay much attention to it. But t h e t r u t h i s t h a t … .§ How can we get rid of this problem? I think there are some methods. Firstly, …. Secondly, …. Thirdly, …. To sum up, if …, it will not be a problem in the future. §交替用词：交替用词：§Think, agree, argue, claim, point out, suggest, emphasize§被动句：被动句：§It is well-known that ……§Measures must be taken …… §Sample§How to Solve the Rubbish Problem in Cities§1.城市垃圾问题日益城市垃圾问题日益严重；严重；§2.解决方法有解决方法有…… § With the rapid development of cities, there are a lot of problems in our cities, such as pollution, traffic, rubbish and so on. Among those, city rubbish is a new problem. If you can’t handle it properly, the e n v i r o n m e n t i s s e r i o u s l y p o l l u t e d.§ But how to solve the problem of city rubbish? I think there are several ways to deal with the problem. First, some of the rubbish can be recycled after a proper treatment, such as waste paper, bottles, metals etc. So city people should classify their rubbish according to its usage, and the government should collect the rubbish on time. In this way a large amount of rubbish can be retrieved and reused. In this way a large amount of rubbish can be retrieved and reused. Second, city people should be educated not to litter the waste and rubbish and understand the importance of protecting our environment.§ In short, by accepting the two suggestions mentioned above, the wastes can be made full use of and the city environment can be well protected. Homework Directions: For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a composition on “Can Road Accidents Be Avoided?〞 in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 300 words, not including the words given. Remember to write neatly. §1. There are more and more road accidents in our cities.§2. Some people say that traffic accidents can hardly be cut down.§3. In fact, most road accidents can be avoided.§ § Can Road Accidents § Be Avoided? 2.3 现象比照型现象比照型§1992年年6月月 §Looking Forward to the Twenty-First Century.§1. 新世纪科技开展的前景如何新世纪科技开展的前景如何?§2. 新的科学技术会给社会带来什么好新的科学技术会给社会带来什么好处处?§3. 新的科学技术会带来什么问题新的科学技术会带来什么问题? §1993年年1月月 §Motorcycles and City Traffic§1. 近年来中国城市中的摩托车近年来中国城市中的摩托车§2. 摩托车的优点和缺点摩托车的优点和缺点§3. 你对我国城市中摩托车开展你对我国城市中摩托车开展前景的看法前景的看法 §2007年年12月月 §Digital Age §1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，并举例§2. 数字化产品的使用对人工作，学习，生活产生的影响 现象比照型现象比照型结构特点结构特点现象〔事物〕现象〔事物〕——优缺点优缺点——我的态度我的态度 §模式模式1§Nowadays…(However)…do more harm than good / bring more side effects…§For example / First.… Second…. Moreover…what is more (worse)…§In a word / In short / In conclusion / To sum up…§As far as I am concerned…I think / In my opinion… §模式模式2 2§Nowadays, people in growing numbers show their concern about the question / problem… …has (have) advantages, but meanwhile, it (they) also bring about some disadvantages/problems§On the one hand…For example/First… Second… / What is more / Besides…Finally…§On the other hand…First…In addition / Secondly…§In my opinion… / In conclusion… §黄金模板：黄金模板：§ As is very common in our lives that …. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people argue that A is their favorite, but some other people do not agree with them.§ To begin with, …. Furthermore, …. Last but not least, …. § In short / Since …, we should. §Sample 1§Computer in Our Life§1.计算机给人类生活带来了很多变化。
§2.计算机给我们的工作和学习带来了方便§3.计算机也带来了一些问题 § Nowadays， people in growing numbers show their concern about the computer. It is generally agreed that computer has advantages, but meanwhile, it also brings some problems.§ On the one hand, computer has brought a lot of convenience to our work and study. First, by computer, we can find all information we want to know. Second, by computer, we can always find solutions to difficult problems, serious diseases for example. Finally, by computer, we can solve many complex calculations easily. In short, computers exist everywhere, from factory to farm, from office to school, from airport to bank. § On the other hand, with all these advantages, computer also brings us some trouble. First, lots of work can be done by computer. As a result many employees might be laid off. In addition, computer games are so various and wonderful that children might be too keen on it, which will affect their studies and health. Even some crimes are committed through computer.§ In my opinion, the fault is not computer itself, but its users. Intelligent and powerful it is, it is merely a machine. We should not become its slave but its master. §Sample 2§Digital Age (2007年年12月月) §1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，并举例§2. 数字化产品的使用对人工作，学习，生活产生的影响 Digital Age§ With the development of our technologies, the digital products are also blooming rapidly everywhere. We are bathed in a new era where diverse newly-developed digital products such as digital camera, digital computer Digital products are replacing our traditional ones at a high speed. It has remarkably impacted on our life. Decidedly, the digital products really offer us a far more convenient life than ever. Take digital camera for example, we no longer need to upload the camera with films and worry if there are sufficient films in the procedure of photographing. we can take innumerable photos as we like without worrying about spoiling films . Moreover, we can delete unsatisfied ones freely. Furthermore, the qualities and quantities of photos taken with digital cameras are superior to those taken with traditional ones! How greatly it has facilitated our work! § Nevertheless, as the saying goes, every coin has two sides. Digital product is also a double-edge sword. It also has its inevitable negative effects. For example, nowadays we are so much dependent on the digital computers that we are immersed in online-chatting instead of communicating face to face , which to a large pitch isolates ourselves from the real world. Furthermore, we are inclined to keep all the key data in our digital products. once the products are damaged or lost , we will say goodbye to all forever ! So to this point, it is unwise for us to rely too much on digital products. § Of course, all in all, digital products’ advantages more outweigh their disadvantages. Hence we should make the best of its good and simultaneously ward its bad off! Only by doing so, can digital products authentically bring happiness and w e l f a r e t o o u r m a n k i n d ! 2.4 论证说理型论证说理型§1994年年1月月 §We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge §1. 科学技术是社会开展所不可缺少科学技术是社会开展所不可缺少的的§2. 社会科学和自然科学相互渗透社会科学和自然科学相互渗透§3. 现代大学生需要广博的知识现代大学生需要广博的知识 §1997年年1月月 §Haste Makes Waste. §1. 为什么说为什么说“欲速那么不达欲速那么不达〞。
〞§2. 试举例说明试举例说明 §1998年年6月月§Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers〞〞 Really Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运有些人认为某些数字会带来好运§2. 我认为数字和运气无关，我认为数字和运气无关，…… §1999年年1月月 §Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Don’t Hesitate to Say “No〞〞. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:§1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说会说“不〞。
不〞§2. 为什么有些人在该说为什么有些人在该说“不〞的时候不不〞的时候不说说“不〞§3. 该说该说“不〞时不说不〞时不说“不〞的害处不〞的害处 论证说理型结构形式§如何理解谚语/格言——举例说明§第一段：解释谚语所蕴涵的道理§第二段：举例说明§第三段：结论重述主题 §模式模式1§ People believe in the proverb …owing to the moral it teaches..§ Take…for example…(As a result)…Another case in point is…/ The same goes for…/…And finally…§ Therefore/In a word/In short… §模式模式2§ …is beneficial / important in many ways.§ For example…. Firstly… / Secondly… / In addition… Finally / Lastly…§ To sum up / In short… §黄金模板黄金模板§ A famous saying goes like this …. The truth of it is that …. Indeed, we can learn many things from it. § Firstly of all, …. For example, …. And then, …. Another case is that …. Furthermore, ….§ In summary, there are many ways to acquire …. If you understand it and apply it, you will surely benefit a lot. Sample: Haste Makes Waste§ A famous saying goes “Haste makes waste〞, which means that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning any task. § Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. The best illustration might be English study. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in w r i t i n g g o o d c o m p o s i t i o n s . § (或或Actually, history abounds with examples of haste making waste. A well-known Chinese fable goes that a farm tried to help the shoots grow by pulling them upward, only to find that they died soon. Another case in point is the so-called Great Leap Forward movement in China in 1950’s and 1960’s. At that time, the Chinese people were so eager to develop their economy that they took some improper measures, only to hinder the e x p a n s i o n o f e c o n o m y . ) §(或或Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own. At the age of 11 or 12, I began to learn to ride. Eager to ride as well as others, I started by sitting on the saddle at the very beginning. Predictably, I often fell from over the bike. Lots of time had been wasted before I realized that I should do it step by step. I tried to slide by standing on one pedal. Then I began to ride the bike from under the cross bar. Finally, I succeeded. ) §In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember, Rome was not built in a day. ( 发挥，概括，升华) §建议：建议：§段落展开时：段落展开时：§〔〔1 1〕大观点套小观点〕大观点套小观点§〔〔2 2〕观点〕观点+ +例证例证 §Homework§Unity is Power§1.在现代社会，在现代社会，“团团结就是力量结就是力量〞〞这句这句明言仍然产生积极明言仍然产生积极影响。
影响§2.试举例说明试举例说明。