Unit10Unit10表示方法的常用短表示方法的常用短语句型语句型 研究设计01研究对象02处理和测定方法03统计分析04目录标题方法的写作内容 •Methods section: also called “Materials and Methods”, “Patients and Methods”, “Study Design” or “Experimental Section”. •In this section, allow your readers to:•1) understand how and why the experiments were performed; •2) better understand the results and conclusions; •3) repeat your study successfully; •4) believe your results and conclusions are valid. 标题内容六要素六要素单击此处添加标题WhenWhenWhatWhat单击此处添加标题WhoWhoWhyWhy单击此处添加标题HowHowWhereWhere Who•Who supplied the reagents? •Who enrolled the study participants （受受试试者者）? •Who collected the specimens（实实验验样样本本）? •Who made the primary diagnosis（诊诊断断）? •Who did the statistical （统统计计学学） analyses? •Who reviewed the protocol for ethics （伦伦理理） approval? •Who provided the funding? what•What reagents, methods, and instruments were used? •What type of study was it? •What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria （入入选选标标准准和和排排除除标标准准） for enrolling study participants? •What protocol （实实验验方方案案） was followed? •What treatments were given? •What clinical endpoints （临临床床终终点点） were measured? •What statistical software （统统计计学学软软件件） was used? •when•When were specimens collected? •When were the analyses performed? •When was the study initiated? •When was the study terminated? •When were the diagnoses made? where•Where were the study participants enrolled? •Where was the study performed? •Where were the specimens analyzed? •Where were the records kept? how•How were samples collected, processed, and stored? •How many replicates were performed? •How were the study participants selected? •How was the sample size determined? •How were study participants assigned to groups （分分组组）? •How was response measured? •How were endpoints measured? why•Why was a species chosen (mice vs. rats)? •Why was a selected analytical method chosen? •Why was a selected experiment performed? •Why were experiments done in a certain order? 表达研究类型 Prospective, Retrospective, Cohort，Case-control，in vivo, in vitro ①Using…(technique)，we studied… 我们用…(技术)研究了… ②Using…，it was found that… (我们)用…发现了… ③…was(were)measured using… (我们)用…测定了… ④…was(were)analyzed （reviewed） by… (我们)用…分析（回顾）了… ⑤…was(were)treated with… (我们)用…治疗了… ⑥…measurements were made of… 测定了… •表示分组（主语通常为patients，subjects，animals）• ⑦…were randomly divided （grouped） into…groups …被随机分成…组• ⑧…were separated into…groups based on… 根据…，将…分成…组• ⑨The groups were as follows： 分组如下： •表示治疗或检查方法• ⑩… was performed（used） in (on)…patients 我们对…患者施行（应用）了…• (patients) underwent…endoscopy (患者)进行了…内镜检查• Surgical procedures, assay(immunohistochemistry, molecular biology…) 手术方法，测试方法… 全结构摘要表示方法部分一二三四地点地点对象对象处理处理五主要结主要结果测定果测定指标指标设计设计14 结束结束 。