《高中生物 第2章 生物个体的内环境与稳态 2.4 动物生命活动的化学调节课件 北师大版必修3》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中生物 第2章 生物个体的内环境与稳态 2.4 动物生命活动的化学调节课件 北师大版必修3（36页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第4节动物生命活动的化学调节ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJ
2、IAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1.识记激素的种类、作用和化学本质。2.举例说明神经、体液调节在维持稳态中的作用。3.探讨动物激素在生产中的应用。4.学会用实验法研究激素的作用。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目
3、标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUIT
4、ANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四一、化学信号激素1.无脊椎动物的激素(1)动物个体之间的通讯外激素。概念:由外分泌腺分泌,在体外传递,对同种的其他个体发生影响的激素,叫作外激素。外激素也称为信息素。种类:引诱同种异性昆虫飞来与之交配的性外激素,遇到危险向同伴报警的警戒外激素,使同种个体集合在一起的结集外激素,标示行踪足迹的踪迹外激素等。(2)昆虫生长发育的激素内激素。概念:由内分泌细胞分泌、只在体内传递、对自身的生理活动起调节作用的激素叫内激素。种类:昆虫的生长、发育和变态是由脑激素、蜕皮素和保幼激素三种激素共同来调节的。Z
5、HISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGY
6、ANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四2.人和高等动物的内激素 ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透
7、析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHON
8、GNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TO
9、UXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识
10、梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演
11、练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI S
12、HULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四二、激素的生理作用及作用特征1.激素的基本生理作用ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONG
13、NAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI
14、 TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳
15、理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四2.激素作用的特征(1)特异性:激素与靶细胞上的受体特异性结合。(2)高效性:激素在血液中的含量极低,但效率很高。(3)复杂性:激素的生理作用虽然各不相同,但可以互相影响;机体的某项代谢活动常受几种激素的共同调节。3.激素调节的特点(1)发挥作用之后被酶分解。(2)通过体液来运输。(3)主要调节机体比较缓慢的代谢活动。(4)作用时间较长,发挥作用比较持久。(5)调节范围广泛。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦S
16、UITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAO
17、HANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四三、激素调节信号转导的分子机制1.激素的化学本质(1)含氮类激素:包括蛋白质类、肽类和胺类激素,容易被胃肠道分泌的消化酶分解,需要补充这类激素时,一般不宜口服。(2)类固醇激素:其化学组成不含有氮,不能被消化酶分解,需要补充时可以口服。2.含氮类激素在靶细胞的信号转导(1)第一信使:激素负责把调节信息从内分泌细胞传送到靶细胞膜,称为第一信使。(2)第二信使:环一磷酸腺苷负责把信息从细胞膜上接过来传送到
18、细胞内部引起生理效应,称为第二信使。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN
19、 JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四3.类固醇激素在靶细胞的信号转导(1)类固醇激素的性质:脂溶性,易透过细胞膜。(2)激素靶细胞受体:位于细胞质中。(3)信号转导:类固醇激素到达靶细胞直接进入细胞内与细胞质受体蛋白结合,形成激素胞质受体复合物进入细胞核形成激素核受体复合物结合到染色质非组蛋白的特异位点启动基因DNA的转录过程,从
20、而生成特异的mRNA,其进入细胞质中,诱导合成新的酶蛋白,从而产生新的生理效应。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZH
21、ISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二三四(4)两类激素在靶细胞的信号转导的比较ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONG
22、NAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOU
23、XI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航一二四三四、体液调节与稳态1.体液调节的概念通过体液中化学物质的作用对机体生理功能进行的调节称为体液调节。2.体内O2、CO2和H+含量的稳态在某些大动脉附近有专门感受血液中CO2和H+浓度的化学感受器。当血液中CO2和H+浓度高于正常水平时,化学感受器兴奋,信息传导到延髓,兴奋呼吸中枢,使呼吸运动加深加快,肺泡气体交换增多,从而使血液中CO2和H+浓度降低,恢复稳态。反之,呼吸中枢的活动减弱,血液中的CO2和H+浓度升高,恢复稳态。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANL
24、I TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识
25、梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航3.血液中激素含量的稳态(1)甲状腺激素的分级调节甲状腺分泌甲状腺激素受腺垂体和下丘脑的调节控制,下丘脑神经元分泌的促甲状腺激素释放激素促进腺垂体分泌促甲状腺激素,促甲状腺激素促进甲状腺分泌甲状腺激素。当血液中甲状腺激素含量增加到一定程度时,又反过来抑制下丘脑和腺垂体分泌相关激素,使甲状腺激素的分泌减少,这种调节机制叫反馈调节。(2)甲状腺激素稳态失调症:分泌过多,使人患甲亢病;婴幼儿分泌不足患呆小症;成年人分泌不足患黏液性水肿。一二四三ZHISHI
26、SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN
27、随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航124351.甲状腺激素分泌的分级调节(1)腺垂体具有调节、管理某些内分泌腺的作用。(2)腺垂体分泌激素的多少受下丘脑的支配。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJ
28、IAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析M
29、UBIAODAOHANG目标导航12435(3)甲状腺激素分泌的分级调节是负反馈调节,下丘脑分泌的促甲状腺激素释放激素通过血液循环运输到腺垂体,促进腺垂体分泌促甲状腺激素,促甲状腺激素通过血液循环运输到甲状腺,促进甲状腺激素的分泌;当血液中甲状腺激素的量达到一定值时会反作用于腺垂体和下丘脑,抑制腺垂体和下丘脑分泌相关激素,使血液中的甲状腺激素维持一定的水平。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚
30、焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAOD
31、AOHANG目标导航124352.探究动物激素作用的实验方法 ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHUL
32、I知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航124353.激素与神经递质的共同点(1)都能与靶细胞特异性结合。激素具有靶细胞,神经递质也具有靶细胞,即突触后神经元。突触后膜上有神经递质的受体,其化学成分是糖蛋白。激素及神经递质分别与其靶细胞特异性结合是由它们的受体具有识别作用决定的。(2)作用完后都被分解。激素作用于靶细
33、胞,引起靶细胞代谢发生改变,之后激素会被分解;神经递质作用于突触后神经元,引起突触后神经元的电位变化,之后神经递质会被分解。(3)激素与神经递质都是信息分子,具有调节作用。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANG
34、YANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航124354.神经调节与激素调节的比较 ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUX
35、I典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHON
36、GNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航124355.动物激素与酶的区别 ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYAN
37、LIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四【例1】下表是缺碘与不缺碘的两类人群中,血液内与甲状腺活动密切相关的两种激素含量状况。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重
38、难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIA
39、ODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四(1)表中A是,B应。甲状腺激素对垂体分泌激素A起作用。在甲状腺激素的分泌调节中,控制枢纽是。(2)长期缺碘,成年人会表现出:喜热、畏寒等体温偏低现象;少言寡语、反应迟钝及嗜睡等现象。现象说明甲状腺激素的相关作用是;现象说明该激素对神经系统的作用是。通常,食用碘盐可以防治碘缺乏病。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN
40、随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISH
41、I SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四解析:(1)垂体产生的激素A应为促甲状腺激素。当甲状腺激素分泌不足时,下丘脑分泌的促甲状腺激素释放激素增多,促进垂体分泌促甲状腺激素,促甲状腺激素再促进甲状腺分泌甲状腺激素,使甲状腺激素分泌增多。但是当甲状腺激素分泌过多时会抑制下丘脑和垂体的分泌,即为负反馈调节。在甲状腺激素的分泌调节中,其控制枢纽为下丘脑,下丘脑通过分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素对促甲状腺激素的分泌进行调节,进而调节甲状腺激素的分泌。(2)长期缺碘
42、,甲状腺激素的合成量下降。由于甲状腺激素可促进新陈代谢,加速体内物质的氧化分解,故当缺碘引发甲状腺激素含量不足时,机体产能少,喜热、畏寒;由于甲状腺激素同时可以提高神经系统的兴奋性,故当缺碘引发甲状腺激素含量不足时,机体表现出反应迟钝及嗜睡等症状。答案:(1)促甲状腺激素升高抑制(反馈调节)下丘脑(2)促进新陈代谢提高兴奋性ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂
43、演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题
44、型三题型四【例2】体重近似、发育正常的甲、乙、丙、丁四只雄性小狗,丁狗不作处理,甲、乙、丙狗分别做不同的手术处理。几个月后测得各自血液中三种激素的含量如下表,则下列叙述不正确的是()ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SU
45、ITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四A.甲狗可能出现的症状是行动呆笨而迟缓、精神萎靡、食欲不振、身体发育停止B.乙狗可能出现的症状是生长立即停滞C.丙狗可能出现的症状是性
46、情变得温顺D.在相同条件下饲养一段时间后,其个体大小变化为:甲、丁狗个体小,基本处于手术前状态,乙、丙狗不断长大解析:据表格数据可知,甲狗缺乏甲状腺激素,影响发育和兴奋性;乙狗生长激素含量降低,影响生长发育;丙狗体内雄激素量很低,因而性情变得温顺;丁狗不做处理为对照组,应正常生长。因此,饲养一段时间后,个体大小变化为:甲、乙狗个体小,基本处于手术前状态,丙、丁狗不断长大。答案:DZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNA
47、N JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI
48、典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四【例3】正常人体内的激素、酶和神经递质均有特定的生物活性,这三类物质都是()A.在细胞内发挥作用B.由活细胞产生的蛋白质C.与特定分子结合后起作用D.在发挥作用后还能保持活性解析:激素、神经递质都是与受体结合,从而影响细胞的代谢活动,酶在细胞内、细胞外都能发挥作用。激素中有些属于蛋白质,有的属于脂质,如性激素。酶的化学本质是蛋白质或RNA,神经递质包括乙酰胆碱等多种物质。激素、神经递质发挥作用后都失去活性,酶发挥作用后仍保持活性。 答案:CZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYAN
49、LIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航Z
50、HISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四【例4】人体内环境的稳态受神经和体液因素调节。请据图回答问题。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航
51、ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四(1)某人一次性饮1000mL清水,1h内尿量显著增加,这是
52、由于降低,对相关感受器刺激减弱,导致下丘脑神经内分泌细胞产生的神经冲动减少,其合成并分泌的,降低了肾小管和集合管对水的。饮水1h后,通过图中a所示的调节机制,尿量逐渐恢复正常。(2)在剧烈运动状态下,体内会启动一系列调节机制,其中支配肾上腺髓质的内脏神经兴奋增强,其末梢内突触小泡释放的与肾上腺髓质细胞膜上的结合,导致肾上腺素分泌增多,从而促进分解,引起血糖浓度升高,以满足运动时能量需要。ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHO
53、NGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI T
54、OUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航题型一题型二题型三题型四解析(1)大量饮水后,人体的细胞外液渗透压降低,对细胞外液渗透压感受器的刺激减弱,下丘脑分泌的抗利尿激素减少,肾小管和集合管对水分的重吸收作用减弱,尿量增加。1h后,随着机体排出了大量的水,细胞外液渗透压又逐渐升高,下丘脑分泌的抗利尿激素增加,促进肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收,这种调节方式是一种负反馈调节。(2)在剧烈运动状态下,机体需要大量能量,此时通过调节,使肾上腺素分泌增多,促进肝糖原分解,以提高血糖浓度,满足运动时能量的需求。答案(1)细胞外液渗透压抗利尿激素减少重吸收(负)反馈(2)神经递质特异性受体肝糖原ZHI
55、SHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYAN
56、LIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 5 61蚂蚁依靠什么来指示同伴搬食方向和位置?()A.眼B.性外激素C.结集外激素D.踪迹外激素解析:踪迹外激素可以标示蚂蚁的行踪足迹。答案:DZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI
57、SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN
58、随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 5 62从藿香中提取的某种物质可以抑制昆虫产生某种激素,将它喷洒在一些害虫身上,害虫会过早地蜕皮,发育成无生殖能力的成虫。这是因为该物质可导致()A.昆虫体内缺少保幼激素B.昆虫体内缺少蜕皮素C.昆虫体内缺少脑激素D.昆虫性外激素分泌减少解析:由题意可知,藿香中提取的某种物质抑制昆虫产生保幼激素,导致幼虫过早蜕皮。答案:AZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI
59、SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN
60、随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 5 63在最后一龄幼虫快化蛹时,把幼虫的头结扎起来,幼虫能变为无头蛹,这种无头蛹能生活几个月或一年左右,直到死亡也不变为成虫,其原因是()A.脑激素缺少 B.保幼激素增加C.蜕皮素缺少 D.甲状腺激素不足解析:正常情况下,脑的神经分泌细胞分泌脑激素,脑激素输送到前胸腺和咽侧体,使前胸腺产生和释放蜕皮素,在蜕皮素的作用下昆虫蜕皮,进一步发育。把幼虫的头结扎起来,前胸腺不能得到脑激素而不能分泌蜕皮素,从而使昆虫的变态发育受阻。答案:CZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUI
61、TANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHA
62、NG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 5 64切除动物的垂体后,血液中()A.生长激素减少,甲状腺激素也减少B.生长激素增加,甲状腺激素也增加C.生长激素减少,甲状腺激素增加D.生长激素增加,甲状腺激素减少解析:垂体可以分泌生长激素和促甲状腺激素(促进甲状腺激素的分泌),故切除垂体后,血液中的生长激素和甲状腺激素都减少。答案:AZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练D
63、IANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHU
64、LI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 5 65许多淡水鱼在人工饲养条件下不产卵,常取同种鱼的脑垂体研碎注入鱼体内,可促使其产卵,这主要是利用垂体中含有()A.性激素B.促甲状腺激素C.促性腺激素 D.生长激素解析:垂体分泌促性腺激素,有促进排卵的作用。答案:CZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHO
65、NGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航ZHISHI SHULI知识梳理ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重难聚焦SUITANGYANLIAN随堂演练DIANLI TOUXI典例透析MUBIAODAOHANG目标导航1 2 3 4 5 66胰岛素是调节血糖稳态的一种激素,下列关于胰岛素的说法,不正确的是()A.胰岛素的受体在细胞的表面B.胰岛素发挥作用需要Mg2+的参与C.胰岛素在靶细胞信号转导中属于第二信使D.胰岛素是蛋白质类激素,缺乏时不能口服补充解析:胰岛素属于含氮类激素,其受体在细胞膜上。胰岛素在靶细胞信号转导中属于第一信使,发挥作用时需要cAMP,而cAMP的合成需要Mg2+的参与。胰岛素是蛋白质类激素,口服会导致胰岛素被消化而失效,因此只能注射。答案:C
