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1、高考短文改错高分对策高考短文改错高分对策一、高考改错题的命题特点一、高考改错题的命题特点形容词形容词副词副词介介词词连连词词动词(时动词(时态、非谓态、非谓语、主谓语、主谓一致)一致)2005 (13套试题)套试题) 77142115 11 422004 (13套试题)套试题)149161417 16 31考点考点考查频率考查频率(次)(次) 词词 法法冠冠词词代代词词名名词词二、高考改错题的常见错误考查形式二、高考改错题的常见错误考查形式:(一)词法考查。(一)词法考查。1、名词、名词:(1)AndIcametounderstandthatknowledgescouldchangemylif
2、e.(2005辽宁)(2)Butoneandahalfyearlater,Inowthink(2005全国卷III)。有时也设置名词的词义辨析、名词固定短语和搭配错误。(1)Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworld.(2004江苏)(2)Theymaketheirlivesbycollectingandsellingusedthings.(2004广东)knowledgeyearscookliving2、冠词。、冠词。(1)Ihopeyouvehadpleasantjourneyhome.(2005全国卷III)(2)Wehavemadeagreatprogres
3、s.(2005福建)。也有少数试题设置了定冠词与不定冠词混用。如:Hewouldgreetusinatreeoutsideourbedroomaswelayinbedinamorning.(2005江苏)对于冠词的固定用法的考查也会在高考中经常出现。(1)Aswealllefthomeatearlyage(2004天津)(2)Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(2003全国卷I)atheana3、代词。、代词。前后代词指代不一致(1)Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.(2005全国卷I)(2)Ilo
4、okedattheorangedrinkanddecidedIcouldntfacethem.(2005天津)反身代词宾格的误用也是代词的主要考查形式,如:(1)Ifeltverypleasedwithme.(2005天津)(2)OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwantmyselftodoovertheweekend.(2004全国II)代词it的用法是经常考查的形式,要特别注意。如:(1)ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwas“thebestcarintheworld”.(2005安徽)(2)Ithoughtthatw
5、asdulltowatchagame.(2005浙江)theiritmyselfItit在定语从句、名词性从句中关系代词的误用,如:(1)HenryRoycedidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoftenbrokedown.(2005安徽)(2)Wewouldreturnatnighttohearthathedpickedupfromtheradiointheday.(2005江苏)另外,代词还会考查及物动词后代词的误省、不定代词的误用、代词的主格与宾格混用等。(1)Ifanyoneofushadanydifficultyinourlifeandstudy,theo
6、therwouldhelphimout.(2004天津)(2)Itisuswhoaretoblameforthepoverty.(2004广东)。whichwhatotherswe4、形容词、副词、形容词、副词形容词、副词比较级、最高级及其程度状语的误用也是一种主要的考查形式。如:(1)Wehopeyoullteachusalotmanysongsinthefuture.(2005山东)(2)Boththedietandtheexercisewillhelpmetoloseweightandfeelmorebetter.(2005广东)形容词和副词的语法作用误用。这是最多的考查形式。如:(1)
7、Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.(2005福建)(2)Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.(2004全国I卷)reallyquietmoremuch在高考中误用多余的副词是一种比较难的考查形式,常要根据上下文逻辑意义进行判断。(1)Iwasafewmilesfarawayfromanywhereonacold,wetnight.(2005江西)(2)ThoughIamastudentnow,Iwillworkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.(2004湖北)5、介词、介词 动词后
8、的介词固定搭配误用是主要的考查形式。如:(1)ItisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregarded“thebestcarintheworld”.(2005安徽)(2)Willyoujoininthetouristgrouporganizedbyourschool?(2005山东)介词的辨析也是考查主要形式。如:(1)Theywouldnothavetoasktheirparentsformoneyorforpermissiontodothingsbythemoney.(2005全国I)(2)Inaparticularafternoonmymotherbr
9、oughtthedrinkin.(2005天津)aswithOn高考中也常考查添加与省略(删除)介词。(1)theteacherallowstoit.(2005重庆)(2)playerskickedaballeachother.(2005浙江)to6、连词、连词2005年高考6次考查了根据上下文及其逻辑意义判断连词的并列、转折关系。如:(1)Notallpeopleliketoworkandeveryonelikestoplay.(2005湖北)(2)apleasantoldmanopenedthedoorbutlistenedtomystorycarefully.(2005江西)考生也要注意
10、根据前后文的选择、因果等其他关系确定使用适当的连词。如:(1)Unfortunately,IwontbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.(04全国IV)(2)HetoldmethatIdprobablyhaveaheartattackwhileIstartedeatingless(2005广东)butandbecauseunless7、动词(时态、主谓一致、非谓语)、动词(时态、主谓一致、非谓语)根据行文逻辑,考查动词前后文的时态是否一致。时态考查主要是一般过去时与一般现在时的混用。(1)Iwillwrit
11、eagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.(2005全国III)(2)DuringtheWorldCupin2002,mydadstaysuplatejusttowatchhisfavoritesport.(2005浙江)tookstayed05年的高考试题中,几次涉及到有关完成时的错误,值得引起注意。如:(1)Sincelongago,manyadultsandchildrencalledtheirfriendstogether.(2005湖北,called前加have)(2)Itisbadmannersintheclassroomtolookatwha
12、tourneighborshadwritten.(2005重庆,had改为has)havehave动名词主要考查在一些句型中做宾语或做介词的宾语需要用动名词。如:(1)Iamlookingforwardtoseeallofyouagaininthenearfuture!(2005福建)(2)Inotherwords,theyhelptokeeppeoplestrongandfeelgood.(2005湖北)seeingfeeling现在分词与过去分词的区别根据动词与所修饰的名词主被动关系来判断,同时要注意形容词性的分词用法。如:(1)Hewouldalsocatchthefoodthrowin
13、gtohimfromtheothersideoftheroom.(2005江苏,throwing改为thrown)(2)Iknockedatthedoorandwasdelighting.(2005江西,delighting改为delighted)throwndelighted不定式主要考查不定式符号to的省略(删除)与添加:(1)Jackwouldflyawayandbringitbackforusthrowagain.(2005江苏)(2)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupfortheircollegeorfutureuse.(2005全国I)动词还少量考查了主谓语在人
14、称和数上是否一致以及主、被动语态的混用。如:(1)Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.(2005湖北)(2)Whenonestudentdoesso,muchlargervaluesaredestroying.(2005重庆)tomakesdestroyed(二)句法考查(二)句法考查1、一致性。、一致性。(1)Theywouldhavetoasktheirparentsformoneyorforpermissiontodothingswiththemoney.(2005全国I)(2)WenamedhimJackandkeephimforaboutth
15、reeyears.(2005江苏)notkept2、简单句、并列句、各种从句。、简单句、并列句、各种从句。(1)Forthemostpart,studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirownuse.(2005全国I)(2)Cleverassheis,butshewordsveryhard.(2004福建)work3. 特殊句型和用法。特殊句型和用法。(1)Atnight,Iwassometimesverytiredtodomyhomework.(2005辽宁)(2)Werebusyprepareforourtrips.(2005山东)toopreparing(三)逻辑
16、意义的考查。(三)逻辑意义的考查。主要包括句子的肯定、否定、上下文逻辑关系等。如:InAmericanbigcities,thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.(2005湖北)buy三、改错题的解题策略三、改错题的解题策略(一)改错题的解题步骤。(一)改错题的解题步骤。1、细读全文,理解大意。2、整句理解,逐行分析。3、复读全文,检查核对。(二)、须注意的问题(二)、须注意的问题1、在训练和考试中要严格按照题例要求和解题说明,用规定的符号去改错。不要用文字去说明或用箭头去表示,更不能随意在原题中乱划。2、注意一些改错原则。标点
17、符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。注出中文的纲外生词及其搭配不改。改错只能是一一对应,不能两个或更多词改为一个词。词形及意义同时错误只能改一项。必须用相近或相反的词更换名词或动词等实词。如:teach与learn,buy与sell,family与home。I live and study in a small town to the south of 1._Jiangsu, and now Im a Senior 3 student. For long 2._time, Ive been dreaming of study in a famous university 3._in a big
18、 city, such as Beijing, Xiamen and Guangzhou. 4._I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until 5._now they havent been agreed with me. They always 6._say that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, 7._so youd better choose a university within the province. 8._I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I 9._leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete different life. I dont know what 10._I can do to persuade them.inastudyingorparentsbeenIdlonelycompletelyBetterLuckNextTime!