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1、大学英语四六级翻译全解大学英语四六级翻译全解析析2013.11翻译的标准翻译的标准l译文应该完整地再现原文的内容l译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同l译文应该像原文一样流畅自然翻译三部曲翻译三部曲l通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法成分和句型。l付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误。l重新审视，确认句法合理。 译文应该完整地再现原文的内容译文应该完整地再现原文的内容l阅读全文，确定整个英语段落中的语法成分和句法结构l审查时态l推断出题人想考查的语法和词汇项目例如：中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。时态+增词（主语）+标点译文：Chinesepapercuttinghasahistory
2、ofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingdynasties. 付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误例如：人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。译文1：Peopleoftenmaketheirhomebeautifulwithpapercuttings.译文2：Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomewithpapercuttings. 重新审视，确认句法合理重新审视，确认句法合理l译文语法正确达意清晰。l重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致等问
3、题。翻译的应试技巧翻译的应试技巧l恰当选词l中英文句式之间的对应和转换l语态之间的转换l词性的转换 语态之间的转换语态之间的转换例如：现在人们必须采取措施来保护环境。译文：Measuresshouldbeadopted(taken)toprotecttheenvironment.词性的转换词性的转换l名词转换成动词例如：改革开放政策受到了全国人民的拥护拥护（名词）。例文：Thereformandopening-uppolicyissupported (vt.)bythewholeChinesepeople.l动词转换为名词例如：他善于观察观察（动词）。译文：Heisagoodobserver(
4、n.).l名词转换为形容词例如：这件事成功的可能性可能性（名词）很小。例文：Itisunlikely (adj.)tosucceed.l形容词转换为名词例如：在这紧张紧张（形容词）的时刻他感到非常害怕。例文：Theintensity (n.)ofthemomentfilledhismindwithfear.练习（练习（1）农历五月五日的端午节是为了纪念被昏庸君主贬官放逐而投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。最初人们将竹叶包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自尽的那条江，以祭祀亡灵。今天，人们在端午节时节举行龙舟赛，而粽子则有活生生的人来享用。译文：译文：TheDragonBoatFestivalonthe5th
5、dayofthe5thlunarmonthiscelebratedinmemoryofQuYuan,anancientpoetandloyalministerwhodrownedhimselfwhileinexilefromacorruptcourt.Zongji,akindofglutinousricedumplingwrappedinbambooleaves,wasoriniallypreparedassacrificialofferingsforQuYuansdepartedsoulanddroppedintotheriverwherehedrownedhimself.Today,how
6、ever,dragonboatracesareheldduringthefestivalandthezongjiisconsumedbytheliving.练习（练习（2）北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。译文：译文：InBeijing,therearenumeroushutongs.Thelifeo
7、fcommonpeopleinhutongsbringsendlesscharmtotheancientcapital,Beijing.ThehutonginBeijingisnotonlythelivingenvironmentofcommonpeoplebutalsoakindofarchitecture.Usually,thereisacourtyardcomplexinsidehutong,withroomssharedby4to10familiesofabout20people.Therefore,lifeinhutongsisfulloffriendlinessandgenuine
8、humanity.Nowadays,withrapidsocialandeconomicdevelopment,manyhutongsarereplacedbynewtallbuildings.Ihopehutongscanbepreserved.练习（练习（3）筷子是中餐桌上最具特色的用餐工具。我们中国人使用筷子的方法很有艺术性，各人有各人的方法，就好像签名一样，不尽一致。中国人一般都能随心所欲地使用筷子夹起米饭、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海参。有些人还能夹起一整块易碎的豆腐。译文：译文：ChopsticksarethemostdistinctiveeatingtoolontheChine
9、sediningtable.ThewayweChineseuseourchopsticksisquiteartisticandvariesfrompersontopersonlikeonessignature.AnaverageChinesepersoncanveryeasilypickupatinygrainofrice,orasinglepea,oraslipperybuttonmushroomorseacucumberwithapairofchopsticks.Someareevenabletopickupapieceofbeancurdthatcrumbleseasily.六级翻译练习
10、（一）六级翻译练习（一）l农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和好运的圆月。此时，大人们尽情吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着明亮的兔子灯尽情玩耍。月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了这个节日神话色彩。传说古时候，天空曾有10个太阳围着地球旋转。后翌射下了其中9个太阳，拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不老药，却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下，从而产生了嫦娥奔月的故事。【翻译词汇翻译词汇】 l中秋节theMid-AutumnFestival团聚congregate丰裕abundance和谐harmony尽情吃着indulgein月
11、饼mooncake嫦娥Chang-E赋予endow.with.神话色彩mythologicalflavour围绕旋转circle(over)长生不老药theelixiroflife产生comeintobeing参考译文参考译文lTheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth.lItisatimeforfamilymemberstocongregateandenjoythefullmoon,whichisasymbolofabundance,harmonyandluck.lAdultsusuallyindugleinfragran
12、tmooncakesofvariouskindswithagoodcupofhotChinesetea,whilethechildrenrunaroundwiththeirbrightly-litrabbitlanterns.lThefestivalwasendowedwithamythologicalflavorwithlegendsofChang-E,thebeautifulladyinthemoon.lAccoringtoChinesemythology,theearthoncehad10sunscirclingoverit.HouYishotdown9ofthesunstosaveal
13、lthelivesonearth.Hestoletheelixiroflife,whichcanmakepeopleimmortal.However,hiswife,Chang-Edrankit.lThusthelegendofChang-EflyingintothemooncameintobeinglTheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth.Itisatimeforfamilymemberstocongregateandenjoythefullmoon,whichisasymbolofabundance,harmonya
14、ndluck.AdultsusuallyindugleinfragrantmooncakesofvariouskindswithagoodcupofhotChinesetea,whilethechildrenrunaroundwiththeirbrightly-litrabbitlanterns.ThefestivalwasendowedwithamythologicalflavorwithlegendsofChang-E,thebeautifulladyinthemoon.AccoringtoChinesemythology,theearthoncehad10sunscirclingover
15、it.HouYishotdown9ofthesunstosaveallthelivesonearth.Hestoletheelixiroflife,whichcanmakepeopleimmortal.However,hiswife,Chang-Edrankit.ThusthelegendofChang-Eflyingintothemooncameintobeing六级翻译练习（二）六级翻译练习（二）l近十年来出现了一个值得深思的现象，人们越来越关注中国的传统文化，书架上摆满了诠释中国古老智慧、讲述中华灿烂历史和传奇人物的书籍。有些人甚至建议，将国学典籍列为学校必修课程。人们兴趣高涨的原因主要
16、有两方面。首先，那些百年甚至千年未决的历史悬案勾起了人们极大的好奇心。再者，人们逐渐意识到，古老的中华文化是一座取之不尽的金矿，从中可以发掘很多经验教训以应用到实践中来解决现在的问题。【翻译词汇】l值得深思的intriguing摆满bepackedwith诠释interpret讲述depict灿烂历史brillianthistory传奇人物fascinatinghistoricfigure国学典籍Chineseclassics必修课程compulsorycourse历史悬案pendinghistorymystery再者furthermore金矿goldmine将应用到实践中put.intopr
17、actice参考译文参考译文lThelastdecadehaswitnessedanintriguingphenomenonthatpeoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalChineseculture.TheirbookshelvesarepackedwithbooksinterpretingancientChinesewisdom,depictingitsbrillianthistoryandfascinatinghistoricfigures.Whatsmore,suggestionsthatChineseclassicsbemade
18、acompulsorycoursehavebeenmade.Twofactorsmayaccountforpeoplesup-surginginterest.Tobeginwith,tremendouscuriosityisarousedbythosependinghistorymysteriesofhundredsoreventhousandsofyears.Furthermore,peoplecometorealisethatancientChinesecultureservesasagoldminefromwhichinexhaustiblelessonscanbelearnedandp
19、utintopracticetosolvethecurrentproblems.六级翻译练习（三）六级翻译练习（三）l泰山称东岳，以“五岳独尊”的盛名享誉古今。按照“五行学说”，东方属木，主生发，有生命之源、万物之本的含义。这就是古代帝王通常在自己登基或晚年时到泰山封禅祭拜的原因。泰山拔地通天，气势磅礴，汉语又有“稳如泰山”、“重于泰山”之说。1987年，联合国教科文组织将泰山列为世界自然与文化遗产【翻译词汇】l泰山MountTai东岳EastYue五岳独尊themostimportantmountainoftheFiveHolyMountains享誉haveagreatreputation五
20、行学说thetheoryoffiveelements生发liveliness生命之源、万物之本aplacewherenatureregulatedandadjusteditsprocedures登基becrowned封禅祭拜makepilgrimagesto稳如泰山asfirmasMountTai重于泰山asweightyasMountTai宣布proclaim参考译文参考译文lMountTai,called“EastYue”,hasagreatreputationforthemostimportantmountainoftheFiveHolyMountains.Accordingtothet
21、heoryoffiveelements,theEastbelongstomu,whichmeansliveliness.Therefore,theEastisaplacewherenatureregulatedandadjusteditsprocedures.ThisexplainswhyimportantemperorsmadepilgrimagesmostlytoMountTaiwhentheywerecrownedorintheirlateryears.Itisasymbolofloftinessandmight,hence,therearetheChineseidioms:“asfir
22、masMountTai”and“asweightyasMountTai”.MountTaiwasproclaimedworldnaturalandculturalheritagebyUNESCOin1987.六级翻译练习（四）六级翻译练习（四）l长江是中国最长的河流，也是世界第三长河，仅次于非洲的尼罗河和拉丁美洲的亚马逊河。长江总长度约为6300米，发源于青海省，向东流入东海。长江流域是中国重要的农作物产区，粮、棉产量分别占全国总量的40%和30%。长江三峡大坝是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程之一，为通航、发电和运输带来了很大的便利。【翻译词汇】l长江theYangtzeRiver/ChangJia
23、ng尼罗河theNile亚马逊河theAmazon向东eastward东海EastChinaSea长江流域theYangtzeRivervalley农作物产区agriculturalbase产量output分别respectively长江三峡大坝theThreeGorgeDam水利枢纽工程watercontrolproject为带来便利benefit通航navigation发电generateelectricity参考译文参考译文lTheYangtzeRiverorChangJiangisthelongestriverinChinaandthethirdlongestintheworld,af
24、tertheNileinAfricaandtheAmazoninSouthAmerica.Theriverisabout6300kmlongandflowsfromitssourceinQinghaiProvince,eastwardintotheEastChinaSea.TheYangtzeRivervalleyhasalwaysbeenanimportantagriculturalbaseinChina.Grainandcottonoutputsmakeup40percentand30percentofChinastotalrespectively.Asoneofthelargestwatercontrolprojectintheworld,theThreeGorgeDambenefitsfornavigation,generatingelectricityandtransportation. The End.
