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1、Lecture10抽象译法（概括法）抽象译法（概括法）News(1)ConfirmedGaddafidead:PrimeMinisterDavidCameronhailsfuturewithouttyrantIthinktodayisadaytorememberallofColonelGaddafisvictims,fromthosewhodiedinconnectionwiththePan-AmflightoverLockerbietoYvonneFletcherinaLondonstreetandobviouslyallthevictimsofIRAterrorismwhodiedthro
2、ughtheiruseofLibyanSemtex.News(1)Weshouldalsorememberthemany,manyLibyanswhodiedatthehandsofthisbrutaldictatorandhisregime.PeopleinLibyatodayhaveanevengreaterchance,afterthisnews,ofbuildingthemselvesastronganddemocraticfuture.News(1)ImproudoftherolethatBritainhasplayedinhelpingthemtobringthataboutand
3、IpaytributetothebraveryoftheLibyanswhohavehelpedtoliberatetheircountry.Wewillhelpthem,wewillworkwiththemandthatiswhatIwanttosaytoday.MuammarMuhammadAbuGaddafi(June194220October2011)wastheautocraticrulerofLibya.His42-yearrulepriortotheuprisingmadehimthefourthlongest-rulingnon-royalleadersince1900,asw
4、ellasthelongest-rulingArableader.Afterseizingpowerinamilitarycoup1969,heabolishedtheLibyanConstitutionof1951andcivillibertiesenshrinedinit.Heimposedlawsbasedonthepoliticalideologyhehadformulated,calledtheThirdInternationalTheory.Gaddafistartedseveralwarsandacquiredchemicalweapons.Healsosuppliedweapo
5、nstotheProvisionalIrishRepublicanArmy,alistedterroristorganizationintheUnitedKingdom.Inthe1980s,countriesaroundtheworldimposedsanctionsagainstGaddafi.SixdaysafterthecaptureofIraqidictatorSaddamHusseinbyUnitedStatestroops,GaddafirenouncedTripolisweaponsofmassdestruction(WMD)programsandwelcomedinterna
6、tionalinspections.AleadingadvocateforaUnitedStatesofAfrica,heservedasChairpersonoftheAfricanUnion(AU)fromFebruary2，2009toJanuary31，2010.InFebruary2011,followingrevolutionsinneighbouringEgyptandTunisia,protestsagainstGaddafisrulebegan.Theseescalatedintoanuprisingthatspreadacrossthecountry,withtheforc
7、esopposingGaddafiestablishingagovernmentbasedinBenghazinamedtheNationalTransitionalCouncil(NTC).Thisledtothe2011LibyanCivilWar,whichincludedamilitaryinterventionbyaNATO-ledcoalitiontoenforceaUNSecurityCouncilResolution1973callingforano-flyzoneandprotectionofciviliansinLibya.ReportsindicatedeposedLib
8、yanleaderMoammarGadhafiisdead,theNationalTransitionalCouncilspokesmansaid.After14years,26toptenhits(英国单曲榜前10名单曲)including14numberonesingles,11topfivealbums,sevenofwhichhitthetopspotandhavecollectivelysoldover44millioncopiesaroundtheworld,tensellouttoursandcountlessmemoriesthatwewillforevercherish,we
9、todayannounceourplantogoourseparatewaysafteragreatesthitscollection(精选集)thisChristmasandafarewelltournextyear.Thedecisionisentirelyamicableandafterspendingallofouradultlifetogethersofar,wewanttohaveawell-earnedbreakandlookatnewventures.Weseethegreatesthitscollectionandthefarewelltourastheperfectwayt
10、ocelebrateourincrediblecareeralongwithourfans.Wearereallylookingforwardtogettingoutonthetourandseeingourfansonelasttime.7.AforeignfriendwhoseChineseisnotsogoodtoldmeofhisembarrassmentinacafe.一位汉语不太好的外国朋友告诉我他在一家一位汉语不太好的外国朋友告诉我他在一家咖啡店里碰到的让他尴尬的事情。咖啡店里碰到的让他尴尬的事情。8.Thevaguerestlessnesssinceboyhoodremaine
11、d.从小就有的那种模糊的不安的感觉依然还存从小就有的那种模糊的不安的感觉依然还存在。在。9.HefirstlearnedwhatitwastobeaNegrowhenhewas22.他他22岁的时候第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。岁的时候第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。10.VietnamWarwashisentreetothenewAdministrationasaforeignpolicyconsultant.越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖，他成越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖，他成了新政府的对外政策顾问。了新政府的对外政策顾问。11.Actionandforesightwillbeneededas
12、wellaslearningandreputation.不但需要德高望重的学者，而且需要有远见不但需要德高望重的学者，而且需要有远见卓识的实干家。卓识的实干家。Exercise:1.Therehadbeenmuchviolenceinthatcity.2.Herjealousycausedherfailure.3.Herindifferencekeptherclassmatesawayfromher.4.Alltheirregularitiesintheuniversitywillbepunished.5.Wewereallgreatlymovedbyhisloftiness.6.Hismod
13、estywasappreciatedbyall.7.GulangyuisamustformostvisitorstoXiamen.8.Theaudiencewereextremelyangryatthebrutalityoftheimperialistsinthefilm.9.TheexamistotesttheEnglishfluencyofthestudents.抽象译法为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、成语或具体形象的单词、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻或句子进行抽象化处理。这种
14、翻译方法称为抽象译法。译方法称为抽象译法。同具体译法相反，抽象译法一方面把比喻形同具体译法相反，抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词组或成语进行抽象概象上较为具体的单词词组或成语进行抽象概括，如：括，如：开门见山开门见山comestraighttothepoint狗急跳墙狗急跳墙dosomethingdesperate另一方面，抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具另一方面，抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法，主要体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法，主要是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词，如：是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词，如：谦虚谦虚态度态度modesty发展发展过程过程de
15、velopment无知的无知的表现表现innocencemakefishofoneandfleshofanother厚此薄彼厚此薄彼licksbsboots巴结巴结eatonesheartout极度悲痛极度悲痛beinsbspocket被某人操纵被某人操纵wearonesheartononessleeve表露感情表露感情putonescardsonthetable表明观点表明观点breaktheice打破僵局打破僵局jumpoutofonesskin大吃一惊大吃一惊walkonair得意洋洋得意洋洋getthegreenlight得到许可得到许可mendonesfences改善关系改善关系po
16、keonesnoseintosth.干涉干涉turnthumbsdownonsth.反对反对稳定性稳定性stability灵敏度灵敏度sensibility残暴行为残暴行为brutality同化作用同化作用assimilation防暴措施防暴措施anti-violence同情心理同情心理sympathy鸡毛蒜皮鸡毛蒜皮trifling开门见山开门见山comestraighttothepoint狗急跳墙狗急跳墙dosth.desperate顺手牵羊顺手牵羊walkoffwithsth.守株待兔守株待兔tursttochanceandstrokeofluck唇枪舌剑唇枪舌剑engageinabat
17、tleofwords黔驴技穷黔驴技穷atoneswitsend单枪匹马单枪匹马allbyoneself生龙活虎生龙活虎burstingwithenergyIwaspracticallyonmykneesbuthestillrefused.我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。HeisarollingstoneIdontthinkhecangofar.他是个做事只有三分钟热度的人，我想他不他是个做事只有三分钟热度的人，我想他不会有多大出息。会有多大出息。IllbreakmynecktogetthisdonebyFriday,butIcantpromiseforsure.
18、我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事，我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事，但是我不能打包票。但是我不能打包票。Bythismeansshecastinabonebetweenthistwofriends.她用这种方法来离间这两个朋友。她用这种方法来离间这两个朋友。Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.事情终于私下解决了。事情终于私下解决了。Heearnshardlyenoughtokeepbodyandsoultogether.他挣得钱几乎难以维持生活。他挣得钱几乎难以维持生活。Ihavenoheadformusic.我没有音乐方面的天赋。我没有
19、音乐方面的天赋。Pleasedontwakeasleepingdog.请不要惹是生非。请不要惹是生非。Youcanalwaysfallbackuponhimwhenyouareindifficulties.遇到困难时，你总可以像他求助。遇到困难时，你总可以像他求助。Ifyoudaretoplaythefoxwithme,Illshootyouatonce.你要是敢对我耍滑头，我马上毙了你。你要是敢对我耍滑头，我马上毙了你。这是他们自己的事情，你去这是他们自己的事情，你去插一脚插一脚干嘛？干嘛？Thatsabusinessoftheirown,whywouldyougetinvolvedin?别
20、人家里别人家里鸡毛蒜皮鸡毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得这么全，的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个真是个顺风耳顺风耳啊！啊！Youknowallthebitsandpiecesoftriflesofotherfamilies.Youarereallywellinformed.这消息让我出了这消息让我出了一身冷汗一身冷汗。wasextremelyterrifiedbythatnews.他万万没想到在他前进的道路上竟会出现这他万万没想到在他前进的道路上竟会出现这么多么多拦路虎拦路虎。Hehadneverexpectedsomanyobstacleswouldstandinhisway.她她毛遂自荐毛遂自荐来这所
21、小学做老师。来这所小学做老师。Shevolunteeredfortheteachingpostinthisprimaryschool.我不敢我不敢班门弄斧班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。，诚望您发表高见。Idarenotshowoffinthepresenceofanexpert.Ihopeyouwouldbekindenoughtoenlightenusonthismatter.这些问题这些问题盘根错节盘根错节，三言两语三言两语说不清楚。说不清楚。Theseproblemsaretoocomplicatedtobeexplainedclearlyinafewwords.今天下午的球赛今天下午的球赛
22、棋逢对手棋逢对手，一定很精彩。，一定很精彩。Thisafternoonsballgameissuretobeanexcitingone,forthetwosidesarewell-matched.他们为敌人他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳效尽犬马之劳。Theyworkedfaithfullyintheserviceoftheenemies.我们一直往前走吧！不要我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意三心二意。Letsgostraightahead.Dontbewavering.真正的好朋友应该是真正的好朋友应该是雪中送炭雪中送炭。Arealgoodfriendshouldbeoneofferingtimelyhelp.他这几天心里他这几天心里七上八下七上八下，老是安静不下来。，老是安静不下来。Hismindwasinaturmoilthesedaysandhewasquiteunabletothinkstraight.Thankyou!
