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1、Unit2TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOff1AppreciationofthemovieFlippedBackgroundInformation/Director：RobReinerisanAmericanactor,director,producer,writer,andpoliticalactivist.Fromthe1980stopresentday,ReinerhasbeenknownasadirectorofsuccessfulHollywoodfilms.SomeofthesefilmsThe Princess Bride,Stand by Me,andTh
2、is Is Spinal Taphaveachievedcultstatus.ReinerhasstatedthatthefilmwhichwillgodownashismasterpieceisStand by Me.Thefilmisalsohisfavoritefilmofhisownwork.2Reinerhasgoneontodirectothercriticallyandcommerciallysuccessfulfilmswithhisowncompany,CastleRockEntertainment,suchasWhen Harry Met Sally.,Misery,and
3、hismostcommerciallysuccessfulworkA Few Good Men.3OneofReinersmostrecentfilms,The Bucket List,wasreleasedinDecember2007andstarredJackNicholsonandMorganFreemanastwoterminallyillmenwhoescapefromacancerwardandheadoffonaroadtripwithawishlistoftaskstoaccomplishbeforetheydie.Reinerslatestfilm,Flipped,wasre
4、leasedin2010Inthismovie,thedirectorportraitssix-yearjourneyofa“relationship”betweentwoneighborhoodyoungsters41. This Is Spinal TapActor,Director,Song-Writer(1984)摇滚万岁2.The Sure ThingDirector(1985)犯贱情人3. Stand by MeDirector(1986)伴我同行本片获1987年金球奖最佳电影、最佳导演提名，1987年奥斯卡奖最佳编剧提名。4. The Princess BrideDirector
5、(1987)公主新娘1988年奥斯卡最佳音乐奖；1987年多伦多国际电影节民选奖Letslookathimasdirector:55. When Harry Met Sally.Director(1989)当哈利碰上莎莉影片以柏拉图式感情的可能性（或称不可能性）为主题，展现了都市男女的困惑。6. MiseryDirector(1990)危情十日（斯蒂芬金的小说改编）7. A Few Good MenDirector(1992)好人寥寥或义海雄风汤姆克鲁斯TomCruise；戴米摩尔DemiMoore；杰克尼科尔森JackNicholson1993年奥斯卡最佳影片，最佳男配角，最佳剪辑，最佳音响
6、四项提名68. NorthDirector(1994)9. The American PresidentDirector(1995)白宫夜未眠10. Ghosts of MississippiDirector(1996)密西西比谋杀案11. The Story of UsDirector(1999)KISS情人布鲁斯威利斯BruceWillis；米歇尔菲佛MichellePfeiffer712. Alex & EmmaDirector(2003)当阿历克斯遇到艾玛13. Rumor Has It.-Director(2005)流言蜚语（珍妮弗安妮斯顿JenniferAniston凯文科斯特纳K
7、evinCostner）14. The Bucket ListDirector(2007)遗愿清单15. FlippedDirector,Producer,Screenplay(2010)怦然心动8GeneralQuestions:1.Howmanycharactersarethereinthemovie?2.Andwhoarethey?3.2.Describetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryce.4.3.Describethetwofamilyinyourownwordsfromyourperspective.91.H
8、owmanycharactersarethereinthemovie?Andwhoarethey?Juli;Juliannas/Julisfatherandmother;Julistwinbrothers.Julisretardeduncle,Daniel;Julisgirlfriend;AndSherry/anothergirlwholikesBryceatschoolBryce;Brycesgrandfather;Brycesfatherandmother;Brycessister.Theirneighbors:theladywhoboughttheeggsfromJuli102.Desc
9、ribetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryceOnthedayBrycemovesintoavaguelyruralsuburbofanunnamedtown,Juliflipsoverhim.However,thesecond-gradeboywantsnothingtodowithher.SoJuli,wholivesacrossthestreet,stalksBryceforsixyearsuntiljuniorhigh.Thisamountsto,asBrycesvoice-overnarrationputsit,
10、“halfadecadeofstrategicavoidanceandsocialdiscomfort.”ButwhenJulifindsthatBryceisalsoapersonwhoislessthanthesum,shedeterminesnottolikehimanymore.Atthistime,BrycefindsthathealwayslikesJuli.ThisisthestorybetweenJuliandBryce.113.Describethetwofamiliesinyourownwordsfromyourownperspective:Brycesmomanddads
11、tandforsuperficialvaluesandmisleadingappearances.Hisdadisbitterandsnide.Butsadly,hemusthavetradedhisone-timeartisticbent(saxophoneplaying)forbread-winnerdutiesandmiddle-classsocialvirtues.InBrycesfamily,onlyhisgrandfatherreachesouttobefriendwithJulisfamily.HehelpsJulitameherfrontyardandilldisguisesh
12、isdisdainforhisson-in-lawspretensions.12Juliesfamilyisartisticandgoodhearted.Dadpaintslandscapes,andMomworkspart-timejobssothefamilycanfunnelmuchoftheirmoneyintomaintainingDadsmentallydisabledbrother,Daniel,inaprivate-carefacility.Twinbrothershavemusicaltalent.13WhatisProcrastination?Procrastination
13、isputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaski
14、scompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.14Doyouprocrastinate?Doyouputthingsoff?Findyourselfmakingexcusestogetoutofbothersomelittleduties?Inshort,areyou guilty of that nasty habit of procrastination?Were all guilty of it from
15、time to time, but whenputting things off interferes with your life, therescause for concern. Procrastination can causeproblems at work or school, in your relationships,andwithyourhealth,amongotherthings.Findoutwhyyouprocrastinate.15InstructionsofProcrastinationTestEachprocrastinationquestionpointsto
16、differentbutoverlappingprocrastinationactivities.Youranswerisonathreepointscale:not me,somewhat like me,like me.Scorezerofornotme,oneforsomewhatlikeme,andtwoforlikeme.Whenyoufinishthetest,totalyourscore.16TheProcrastinationTestNot me Somewhat like me Like me1.Procrastinationcomesnaturallytome._2.Iha
17、veresponsibilitiesthatImnotdoing._3.Ihaveplansthatstayonthedrawingboard._4.Isidestepuncomfortablepriorities._5.Itellmyselfthatlateristhetimetobegin._6.IstartthingsthatIdontfinish._7.Ihaveahabitofshowinguplate._8.Idelayactingtomeetadeadline._9.Ifindwaystoextenddeadlines._10.Icomeupwithexcusestoexplai
18、ndelays._1711.Iputoffharddecisions._12.WhenImnotsure,Illavoidthesituation._13.Iputoffmakinganeededlifestylechange._14.Mypessimismcausesdelays._15.MyemotionsaffectwhatIdo._16.Myintimaterelationshipisgoingnowhere._17.Iavoidwhatfrustratesme._18.Igetside-trackedbyconflicts._19.Mydoubtsandfearsinhibitmya
19、ctions._20.WhenIfeelanxious,IllavoidwhatIfear._18InterpretationEvenwhensomestatementsseemsimilar,theywonthavethesamefeelbecausetheyhavedifferentnuances.Studythesubtlety.Itsayssomethingabouthowyouperceivesituationsorwhatyoudoasresultofyourperceptions.Forexample,itemsixsuggestsbehavior procrastination
20、.Thisisdifferentfromintrigue procrastination(item18),ordecision-making procrastination(item11).19Procrastinationrangesfromaninconvenience,toahindrance,todisabling.Andthemeaningofyourtotalscoreissuggestive.Ifyouhaveazerototalscore,whatareyoudoingwastingyourtimetakingthistest?0-15:youneedtopayattentio
21、ntotheitemsonwhichyoualwaysscore“2”,becausetheseareyourprocrastinationtendenciesorcausesandtheycanbringinconveniencetoyourlife;15-30:youneedtoretrospectyourlifeandtrytoimprovewhatyoucandoaboutyourprocrastinationbehavior,becausetheyhavealreadybecomehindrancetoyourlife;Ifyouscore30ormore,youhavecometo
22、therightblogsite.20Supposeyoumarkmostitemstwo.Maybeyouretoohardonyourself.However,dontdespair.Insteadofmanydifferenttypesofprocrastinationtoaddress,whatyoulikelyhavearemanyexamplesofsomebasicconditionsforprocrastination.Forexample,yourprocrastinationmaybeacombinationof(1)self-doubtsandhesitation,and
23、(2)tensionsensitivityanddiscomfortdodgingreactions.Progressinoneareacancauseimprovementsintheother.21OvercomingProcrastinationIntroductionWilliamKnaus,apsychologist,estimatedthat90%ofcollegestudentsprocrastinate.Ofthesestudents,25%arechronicprocrastinatorsandtheyareusuallytheoneswhoendupdroppingouto
24、fcollege.WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationistheavoidanceofdoingataskwhichneedstobeaccomplished.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofguilt,inadequacy,depressionandself-doubtamongstudents.Procrastinationhasahighpotentialforpainfulconsequences.Itinterfereswiththeacademicandpersonalsuccessofstudents.22ExcessivePr
25、ocrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcanc
26、ausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.23WhydoStudentsProcrastinate?1.PoorTimeManagement.Procrastinationmeansnotmanagingtimewisely.Youmaybeuncertainofyourpriorities,goalsandobjectives.Youmayalsob
27、eoverwhelmedwiththetask.Asaresult,youkeepputtingoffyouracademicassignmentsforalaterdate,orspendingagreatdealoftimewithyourfriendsandsocialactivities,orworryingaboutyourupcomingexamination,classprojectandpapersratherthancompletingthem.242.DifficultyConcentrating.Whenyousitatyourdeskyoufindyourselfday
28、dreaming,staringintospace,lookingatpicturesofyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.,insteadofdoingthetask.3.Yourenvironmentisdistractingandnoisy.Youkeeprunningbackandforthforequipmentsuchaspencils,erasers,dictionary,etc.Yourdeskisclutteredandunorganizedandsometimesyousit/layonyourbedtostudyordoyourassignment
29、s.Youprobablynoticethatalloftheexamplesthatyouhavejustreadpromotetimewastingandfrustration.254.FearandAnxiety.Youmaybeoverwhelmedwiththetaskandafraidofgettingafailinggrade.Asaresult,youspendagreatdealoftimeworryingaboutyourupcomingexams,papersandprojects,ratherthancompletingthem.5.NegativeBeliefssuc
30、has;IcannotsucceedinanythingandIlackthenecessaryskillstoperformthetaskmayallowyoutostopyourselffromgettingworkdone.266.Personalproblems.Forexample,financialdifficulties,problemswithyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.7.FindingtheTaskBoring.8.UnrealisticExpectationsandPerfectionism.YoumaybelievethatyouMUSTr
31、eadeverythingeverwrittenonasubjectbeforeyoucanbegintowriteyourpaper.Youmaythinkthatyouhaventdonethebestyoupossiblycoulddo,soitsnotgoodenoughtohandin.279.FearofFailure.YoumaythinkthatifyoudontgetanA,youarefailure.Orthatifyoufailanexam,you,asaperson,areafailure,ratherthanthatyouareaperfectlyokpersonwh
32、ohasfailedanexam.28HowDoIKnowifIProcrastinateExcessively?Youprocrastinateexcessivelyifyouagreewithfiveormoreofthefollowingstatements:1.IoftenputoffstartingataskIfinddifficult2.IoftengiveuponataskassoonasIstarttofinditdifficult.3.IoftenwonderwhyIshouldbedoingatask.4.Ioftenhavedifficultygettingstarted
33、onatask.5.IoftentrytodosomanytasksatoncethatIcannotdoanyofthem.6.IoftenputoffataskinwhichIhavelittleornointerest.297.IoftentrytocomeupwithreasonstodosomethingotherthanataskIhavetodo.8.IoftenignoreataskwhenIamnotcertainabouthowtostartitorcompleteit.9.Ioftenstartataskbutstopbeforecompletingit.10.Iofte
34、nfindmyselfthinkingthatifIignoreatask,itwillgoaway.11.IoftencannotdecidewhichofanumberoftasksIshouldcompletefirst.12.IoftenfindmymindwanderingtothingsotherthanthetaskonwhichIamtryingtowork.30HowtoOvercomeProcrastination1.Recognizeself-defeatingproblemssuchas;fearandanxiety,difficultyconcentrating,po
35、ortimemanagement,indecisivenessandperfectionism.2.Identifyyourowngoals,strengthsandweaknesses,valuesandpriorities.3.Compareyouractionswiththevaluesyoufeelyouhave.Areyourvaluesconsistentwithyouractions?4.Disciplineyourselftousetimewisely:Setpriorities.315.Studyinsmallblocksinsteadoflongtimeperiods.Fo
36、rexample,youwillaccomplishmoreifyoustudy/workin60minuteblocksandtakefrequent10minutebreaksinbetween,thanifyoustudy/workfor2-3hoursstraight,withnobreaks.Rewardyourselfafteryoucompleteatask.6.Motivateyourselftostudy:Dwellonsuccess,notonfailure.7.Trytostudyinsmallgroups.8.Breaklargeassignmentsintosmall
37、tasks.Keepareminderscheduleandchecklist.9.Setrealisticgoals.3210.Modifyyourenvironment:Eliminateorminimizenoise/distraction.Ensureadequatelighting.Havenecessaryequipmentathand.Dontwastetimegoingbackandforthtogetthings.Dontgettoocomfortablewhenstudying.Adeskandstraight-backedchairisusuallybest(abedis
38、noplacetostudy).Beneat!Takeafewminutestostraightenyourdesk.Thiscanhelptoreduceday-dreaming.33Doesprocrastinationhaveanyadvantages?Doyoueverpostponethings,orjustforgetaboutthemforawhile,ortellyourself,Illgettothatlater?Doyousometimesfeelguiltyaboutit?Well,itstruethatprocrastinationcanbeabadhabit,butt
39、herearetimeswhenitcanbeuseful.34ProcrastinationWhenYouAreUnsureSometimesprocrastinatingmakessenseifyouarentsureyoushouldbedoingsomething.Ifyouhaventstartedthatbusiness,forexample,maybeyourunconsciousmindissayingyouarentreadytodoit.Lookintothereasonsforyourprocrastination,nottorationalizeyourlackofac
40、tion,buttoseeiftherereallyisagoodreasontowait.35ProcrastinateWhenYouKnowItsWrongThisiswhereweallneedtolearnbetterprocrastination.Justputoffeatingthatpieceofcakeuntillater.Waitafewmoredaystogotothecasino,ortogettogetherwiththatfriendthatalwaysgetsyouintotrouble.Anytimeyouarethinkingaboutdoingsomethin
41、gyoushouldntbedoing,justsay,Illgettothatlater.36Thekeytocreativeprocrastinationistorecognizewhichthingsyoushouldandshouldntdo.Byallmeans,learntoovercomethehabitofprocrastinatingongoodactions,butletyourselfgetintothehabitofwaitingtodoharmfulortime-wastingthings.Ofcourseitsbettertoquitbadhabitsandacti
42、ons,butthisisreallyjustaneasierwaytoquit.Putoffsmokingthatcigaretteoftenenough,andyoullbesmokinglessofthem.Waitacoupledaystogoeatthatfastfood,andyourebreakingthehabit,onestepatatime.Thatscreativeprocrastination.37LecturePartI:1.coolonesheels:beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto:serveasanevidenceto
43、affirm;tobeproofof3.apocalyptic:Forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom384.proconsul: anadministrationinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers殖民地总督5.ruminate: gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly;6.nattering: chattering;hence,noisy7.echelon: rank,level8.fortify: encourage;support9.reappraisal: re-evaluation1
44、0.academe:theacademiccommunity;academics3911.shrink: psychoanalystorpsychiatrist12.subliminal:Existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness13.truism:anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth14.mellowandmarinate:tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andtomarinateistosteep(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoen
45、richitsflavour;here,ripenandmature40PartII:LibraryworkLordChesterfield(4thearl)Chesterfield,PhilipDormerStanhope(1694-1773)wasanEnglishStatesman,authorandorator.Hislongpubliccareerbegunin1715,includinganambassadorshiptotheHague(海牙),aseatinParliament,andasuccessfultenure(任期)aslordlieutenantofIreland.
46、Hisliteraryfamerestsuponhisletters,whicharefullofwitandworldlywisdom,tohisillegitimateson,PhilipStanhope.Theseletterswerefistpublishedin1774underthetitleLetters to His Son. 41Johns,Samuel(1709-1784):Englishpoet,critic,andmanofletters,theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturya
47、ndoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime.HeisbestknownforhisDictionary of the English Language (1755),whichisinsomerespectsaninnovationinlexicography(词典编撰学).Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.42PartIII:TextAppreciatio
48、n:1.ThattheelegantearlgotaroundtomarryinghissonsmotherandhadahabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefacteventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever.Paraphrase:Infact,thiselegantearlneverfoundthetimetomarryhisillegitimatesonsmother,andhealsohadab
49、adhabitofkeepingpeoplewaitingforlonghoursinhisanteroom,evensuchfamouspeoplelikeDr.Johnson.AndthisprovesthatevenamanlikeLordChesterfield,whowouldstronglyadviseusnottopostpone,iscapableofbeingapostponerhimself.432.MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovahsedicttoPharaoh.Hamle
50、t,ofcourse,raisedprocrastinationtoanartform.Paraphrase:MosesusedhisslownessinspeechasajustificationforhisunwillingnesstopassJehovahsordertoPharaoh.AndthroughHamlet,Shakespearemadeprocrastination,hesitation,themajortraitofHamlet,thethemeofhisdramaticart.摩西不愿想法老传达耶和华的法令，便借口说自己语言有缺陷；当然哈姆雷特更是把拖延上升为一种艺术形
51、式。443.Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.Paraphrase:Inspiteoftheallthetroubledelaymaycause,inmanycases,delaycanoftenstimulatetheimaginationandcreativityofanartist.尽管拖延会带来诸多不便，但拖延经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。454.Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenchronicprocra
52、stinationandpurposefulpostponement,particularlyinthehigherechelonsofbusiness.Paraphrase:Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenhabitualandpurposefulpostponement,especiallyinthehigherlevelofbusiness.译：当然，习惯性拖延和刻意延缓是有差别的，特别是在商业机构高层中。465.Corporatedynamicsencouragethecautionthatbreedsdelay,saysRichardMander
53、bach,BankofAmericagroupvicepresident.Henotesthatspeedyactionscanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly.Paraphrase:Thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecompanymakescarefulnessindecisionnecessary,whichcausesdelay,saysRichardManderbach,BankofAmericagroupvicepresident.Hepointsoutthatbusinessmaygiverisetodecisionsthattu
54、rnouttobehumiliatingorexpensive.476.Burearcratization,whichflourishedamidthegrowingburdensofgovernmentandthegreatercomplexityofsociety,wasdesignedtosmotherpolicymakersinblanketoflegalism,compromiseandreappraisal-andtherebypreventhastydecisionsfrombeingmade.Paraphrase:Withthepublicadministrationexpan
55、dinginscopeandsocietygrowingmoreandmorecomplicated,excessiveredtapedevelopedinsidethegovernmentandittendedtoengagethoseinchargeofpolicy-makinginitsunnecessarilylengthyprocedure,thusmakingitimpossibleforimmaturedecisionstoresult.487.BernardSklar,aUniversityofSouthernCaliforniasociologistwhochurnsoutt
56、hreetofivepagesofwritingaday,admitsthat“manyofmyfriendsgothroughagonieswhentheyfaceablankpage-”Paraphrase:WhileBernardSklar,aUniversityofSouthernCaliforniasociologist,iscapableofproducingthreetofivepagesofwritingaday,healsoadmitsthatmanyofhisfriendshaveahardtimethemomenttheyattempttoputpentopaper.49
57、8.Dr.RalphGreenson,aU.C.L.A.professorofclinicalpsychiatry,takesafairlygentleviewofprocrastination.Paraphrase:Dr.RalphGreensonisnotverycriticalofpostponement.9.Tomanypeople,doingsomething,confronting,isthemomentoftruth.Paraphrase:Tomanypeople,doingsomething,dealingwithsomething,isamomentofextremeimpo
58、rtance;itisamomentwhendecisionistobemade,resulttobeknown,orsomethingbadtobefaced.5010.Intheprocess,thedesigncanmellowandmarinate.Indeed,hurrycanbetheassassinofelegance.Paraphrase:Intheprocess,thedesignhasthetimetoripenandmature.Indeed,hastydecisionsmaketheeleganceofdesignsimpossible.在此期间，设计可能不断成熟及完善。确实，仓促会葬送雅致。51
