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1、来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 第七章第七章 定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译w一般地,定语从句的翻译有合译法、分译法和混译法。在这里,我们主要详细介绍合译法和分译法。w一、合译法:一、合译法:合译法通常用于句式较短的情况,主要以限制性定语从句为主。在英译汉时,一般将其译成“的”字结构,有时也将定语部分译成谓语、兼语句的一部分或带有“这”字句的简单句。w1译成定语译成定语“的的”字结构字结构w 这是最为常见的一种英译汉的方式,翻译成中文时,将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面。w例1:He is not the one who will give up easily.w译文:他不是
2、一个轻易服输的人。w例2:Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.w译文:我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 2译成谓语译成谓语w 当定语从句是存在句,尤其是在“there be结构”和它的变体结构、以及在“it be +主语+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句的谓语在意义上也是整个主句的谓语,因此在英译汉时可将其译为主谓结构的简单句。w例1:There were men in that crowd who had stood there every da
3、y for a month.w译文:在那群人中,有的人每天都站在那里,站了一个月。w例2:There have been good results in the experiments that have given him grate encouragement.w译文:实验中的良好结果给了他莫大的鼓励。w另外,有些定语从句英译汉时要需要将主句压缩成主语,而将定语从句译成谓语,融合为一个句子。w例1: We have a social and political system that differed in many respects from your own.w译文:我们的社会和政治体
4、制在很多方面都与贵国的不一样。w例2:We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity.w译文:我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的某些标志。来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 3译成兼语句的一部分译成兼语句的一部分w当先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,即先行词在逻辑上与定语从句中的动词构成主谓或动宾关系时,就可采用此方法使两个分句融为一体。w例1:I need someone who can instruct me in my English
5、 study.w译文:我需要一个人来指导我学习英语。w例句2:When I passed by, I saw a man who was quarreling with his wife.w译文:当我经过时,我看到一个人和他的妻子在吵架。来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 4译成连动式的一部分译成连动式的一部分w 为了行文方便,有时候在英译汉时就需要把主句、从句中的动词连起来一起翻译,从而使句子显得连贯,符合汉语的表达习惯。 w例1:He took out a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink
6、slowly.w译文:他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来。w例2: We will send the boy to Britain, where he can receive better education.w译文:我们将要把这个孩子送到英国去接受更好的教育。w5译成译成“这这”字句字句w 有时,关系代词并不仅仅只是指代先行词,它还指代前面整个句子的内容。这时,我们一般将其译成“这”或“这一点”。w例1:He admired Mrs. Brown, which surprises me most.w译文:他钦佩布朗太太,这使我大为惊讶。w例2:She was very patient towa
7、rds the children, which her husband seldom was.w译文:她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 w二、分译法:二、分译法:分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法,主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句里。采用这种方法可避免句子的冗长和累赘。这种方法一般采用主句在前,从句在后的翻译形式,将句子翻译成两个相对独立的小分句。 w严格地说,合译法中的第5点(译成“这”字句)也属于这种翻译方法。w1译出关系代词或关系副词译出关系代词或关系副词w 根据逻辑的需要,在翻译前,我们首先应该弄清关系词所指代的内容,进而按照
8、先行词的词义来进行翻译。w 例1: He has learned French, which he thinks is the most beautiful language in the world.w 译文:他学过法语,他认为法语是世界上最美的语言。w 例2: This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.w 译文:这是一所科技大学,该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。w w 来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的
9、资料库下载 w另外,在英语中常常会把需要强调的内容放于句首,而汉语中却习惯把附加性说明的定语部分翻译为后置型的并列分句,以求在形式上突出主句的内容。w 例1: She suddenly thought of her husband, who had left her and their children behind and had never been heard of.w 译文:他丈夫早就抛弃了妻儿一直杳无音信,现在她突然想起了他。w 例2: The men suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significa
10、nce in these trifles, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.w译文:以前,它们一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下,现在这些人突然意识到这些小玩意儿的美丽和意义了。 来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 w2不翻译关系代词或关系副词不翻译关系代词或关系副词w 有些定语从句表面上是非限制性定语从句,但在意义上却已经和主句融为了一体。在翻译时,应该将引导定语从句的关系词省略,从而使句子的意思显得更为连贯。w 例1: After dinner, the four key negotia
11、tors resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.w 译文:晚饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜。w 例2: His wife, Betty, is Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the age of eight, and whose book “Moon”, tells of her sisters life in China.w 译文:他妻子贝蒂是一位出生在上海的华人,八岁离开中国,写过本名叫月的书,记叙了她妹妹在中国的生活。w 来自来自 中国最大的资
12、料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 w3译成相对独立的小分句译成相对独立的小分句w 有些定语从句在修饰关系上与先行词之间关系显得较为疏远,这时,我们通常会将定语从句译成独立的句子。w 例1: One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.w 译文:有一次暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实在是我平生所鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。w 例2: Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the
13、computations were accurate.w译文:不过问题还是圆满地解决了,这说明计算是很精确的。来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 4. 译成状语从句译成状语从句w例1: These actions, which have aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, must nevertheless give us a pause.w译文:这些行动,虽已激起普遍而毫不掩饰的反对,却也使我们举棋不定。(表让步) w例2: In a dispute between two states with which one
14、is friendly, try not to get involved.w译文:在两国发生争端时,如与该两国皆友好,则应避免卷入。(表条件)。w例3:Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity , offers very little resistance.w译文:铜的电阻很小,因此被广泛用于输电。(表结果) w例4: Chaplin, whose mother was ill for many years, had to dance in streets to earn money. w译文:由于母亲病了好多年,卓别林不
15、得不到街头表演去挣钱。(表示原因) 来自来自 中国最大的资料库下载中国最大的资料库下载 w例5:But the Southern States wanted to set up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves. 但是南方各州却想建立他们自己的国家,以便在那里他们可以随心所欲地继续把黑人当作奴隶。(表示目的) w例6:He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. w译文:他做了一架望远镜,使他能够研究天空。(表示结果) w例7: Anyone who wants to can go for a walk. w译文:谁想去散步就可以去。(表示条件) w例8: He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.w译文: 他坚持再买一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要。(表示让步)