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1、专题八定语从句定语从句在句中起形容词的作用， 修饰名词或代词，作定语；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词;引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它一方面代替前面的先行词，另外又在从句中充当一个成分。关系词先行词作用关系代词备注关系代词whom, which,whowhomwhosethatwhich人人人，物人，物物主语宾语定语主语，宾语主语，宾语that在从句 中做宾语时，常常 可省略；但在介词 后面时不能省略，介词后面也不能用thatas关系副词人，物时间地点原因主语，宾语时间状语地点状语原因状语As做宾语时一般不 省略相当于“介词whenwherewhy+which ”相当于“介词+which ”相当于 “
2、for+ which考点一：that 引导的定语从句卜列情况只能用that,不能用which1.先行词是all, anything, anything,2.先行词被all, any, every, each,nothing, little,little, the very,much, theone等、定代词等修饰时。the only时。3.先行词有最局级或序数词修饰时。4.先行词既有人又有物时。二.卜列情况不能用thatl.that不能引导非限定性的定语从句。The tree, which is four hundredyears old, isvery famous here.2.介词后不能
3、用that,（介词后指人用whom，指物用which）。We depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食 物。I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.我喜欢正和老师谈话的那考点二：whose 和 of whom, of which 引导的定语从句whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my, his, her, its, their等修饰人或物。of which能够代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+ the+名词
4、。of whom能够代替whose指人，词序是名词+ofwhom”。Manychildren, whose parents are away working in bigcities, are takengood care of in the village.父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常 好。考点三：介词+which/whom 中介词的确定”1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配The man ( who/whom/that) I talked with at the meeting is from BeijingUniversity.=The man with whom I t
5、alkedat the meeting is from BeijingUniversity.注息：但是在卜面一句中for不能够提前，因为look for是固正的动词词组，如果把for提前，动词的意思会改变。This is the person (who/whom/that) you are looking for.2.与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。He built a telescope, through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它他能够 研究天空。3.of + which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Re
6、cently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which (=whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古董花瓶，它的价钱很合理。考点四： 先行词为 point, case, situation 等词时所构成的定语从句。point, situation, case等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但有表示类似地点的意义，所以它们作先行词时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，那么这个关系词要用where;如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Now there is just one point that/whic
7、h I wish you make quite clear. (which/that在定语从句中作 宾语)现在我希望你弄清楚的只有一点。Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can view themselves in another way.(where在 定语从句中作状语)把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度理解自己的环境中对他们有 益。考点五： as 与 which 在引导定语从句时的区别1.as与which都能够代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时能够互换。He married her ,as(which) wa
8、s natural.很自然地，他和她结婚了。2.但在下列情况下一般只能用as(1) as引导的定语从句能够放在句首，而which则不能。As we know, more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我们所知，地球70%以上都是水。(2) As表示正如，正像，而which常译成这，这个点。此时，as从句中常有know, expect, happen, point out, plan,suggest等单词或短语。He came back home late, as we expected.(3)当先行词被the same, such, as, so#饰时，定语从句需用as引导。I bought the same book as you have.我买了一本跟你一样的书。(4)但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the sameas(指同样或同类的)，the samethat(指同一个)This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。
