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1、Medical EnglishBook 1Book 1Lectured byLectured byReadingSkills:SkimmingandScanningIntroductionTeachingProcedureRulesandEvaluationTheSourcesofMedicalTerminologiesEnglishNamesofMedicalCoursesreviewhomeworkparticipationRulesDontbelateforclass.Donts1Dont makenoise in ourclass.Donts2RulesEvaluationAttend
2、ance, homework, class performance, activities 20%Final examination paper 80%FinalPaperMedicalTerminology;MorphemesSublanguageEssentialwordsTranslationIntroductionofMedicalEnglish1.WhatdoyouknowaboutmedicalEnglish?2.CanyourecallthenamesofyourmedicalcoursesinEnglish?3.Whatdoyouexpecttolearnorimprovefr
3、omthiscourse?IntroductionofMedicalEnglishEnglishMedicalEnglish具有一定英语水平的医务工作者具有一定英语水平的医务工作者以及医学院校在校学生以及医学院校在校学生IntroductionofMedicalEnglish1.WhatdoyouknowaboutmedicalEnglish?CourseDescriptionCourseGoalsCourseObjectivesCourseContentReadingSkills-SkimmingandScanningCourseDescription-IntroductionofMedic
4、alEnglish1.WhatdoyouknowaboutmedicalEnglish?CourseDescriptionThiscoursewillprovideapproachtocontemporaryEnglishreadingsbasedonselectionsfromthetextsrelatedtothefieldofmedicine.CourseGoals-IntroductionofMedicalEnglish1.WhatdoyouknowaboutmedicalEnglish?CourseGoalsToconsolidatethestudentsknowledgeofthe
5、typeofEnglishthatcouldbeusedformedicine.Vocabulary:MedicalTerms15%PopularScienceVocabulary15%CommonWords70%StyleofMedicalEnglish:wordsgrammarEnglishSkillCourseGoals-IntroductionofMedicalEnglish2024/7/202024/7/20TextExercises基础医学（上册）12abcA New CourseA New CourseofofMedical EnglishMedical English临床医学（
6、下册）ReadingCourseContent-IntroductionofMedicalEnglishReadingSkills-IntroductionofMedicalEnglishReadingSkills-SkimmingandScanningSkimmingreferstotheprocessofreadingonlymainideaswithinapassagetogetanoverallimpressionofthecontentofareadingselection.ReadingSkills-IntroductionofMedicalEnglishHowtoSkim:*Re
7、adthetitle.*Readtheintroductionorthefirstparagraph.*Readthefirstsentenceofeveryparagraph.*Readanyheadingsandsub-headings.*Noticeanypictures,charts,orgraphs.*Noticeanyitalicizedorboldfacewordsorphrases.*Readthesummaryorlastparagraph.ReadingSkills-IntroductionofMedicalEnglishScanningisareadingtechniqu
8、etobeusedwhenyouwanttofindspecificinformationquickly.Inscanningyouhaveaquestioninyourmindandyoureadapassageonlytofindtheanswer,ignoringunrelatedinformation.ReadingSkills-IntroductionofMedicalEnglishHowtoScan:*Statethespecificinformationyouarelookingfor.*Trytoanticipatehowtheanswerwillappearandwhatcl
9、uesyoumightusetohelpyoulocatetheanswer.Forexample,ifyouwerelookingforacertaindate,youwouldquicklyreadtheparagraphlookingonlyfornumbers.ReadingSkillsIntroductionofMedicalEnglishHowtoScan: * * Useheadingsandanyotheraidsthatwill helpyouidentifywhichsectionsmight containtheinformationyouarelookingfor.*S
10、electivelyreadandskipthroughsectionsofthepassage.IntroductionofMedicalEnglishFundamentalMedicalCourses2.CanyourecallthenamesofyourmedicalcoursesinEnglish?PhysiologyPathology（Pathophysiology/Pathoanatomy）PharmacologyAnatomy(SystematicAnatomyandRegionalAnatomy)BiologyBiochemistryPhysicalChemistryOrgan
11、icChemistry/InorganicChemistryIntroductionofMedicalEnglishFundamentalMedicalCoursesMicrobiology微生物学微生物学Parasitology寄生虫学寄生虫学Histoembryology组织胚胎学组织胚胎学GeneticsMedicalPsychology医学心理学医学心理学MedicalEthics医学伦理学医学伦理学IntroductionofMedicalEnglishClinicalMedicalCoursesDiagnosticsGeneralSurgeryInternalMedicineObs
12、tetricsandGynecology妇产科学妇产科学PediatricsTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)NursingScienceObjectives:MedicalTerminology-IntroductionofMedicalEnglishWordbase/rootSuffixPrefixCombiningvowelObjectives:MedicalTerminology-WordRootusu.derivedfromGreekorLatinoneormorewordroots1.balanceimbalance2.teacherteachingte
13、achesNon-medicalwordsgastric:theroot“gastr”meaningstomachObjectives:MedicalTerminology-Suffixtheendofawordusu.tellwhatishappeningtotherootgastritis:“-itis”meaninginflammationinflammationoftheliningofthestomachexampleindicateaprocedure,condition,disease,orpartofspeech（词性）（词性）.Objectives:MedicalTermin
14、ology-Prefixthebeginningofawordusu.tellsth.morespecificaboutthewordroottransgastric:trans-meaningacrossexampleindicateanumber,time,position,direction,coloretc.Objectives:MedicalTerminology-CombiningFormavowel(usu.O)linkingtheroottothesuffixortoanotherrootelectrocardiogram(ECG)exampleObjectives:Medic
15、alTerminologyReadthemeaningofmedicaltermsfromthesuffixbacktothefirstpartoftheword.Dropthecombiningvowelbeforeasuffixbeginningwithavowel.Retainthecombiningvowelbetweentworootsinaword.RULESObjectives:MedicalTerminologygastroenterologyRULESrootrootsuffixcombiningvoweltherootgastrmeansstomach.therootent
16、ermeansintestines.thesuffix-logymeansprocessofstudyStyleofMedicalEnglish:Words75% 来自拉丁、希腊语来自拉丁、希腊语 词汇意义较稳定词汇意义较稳定 词汇不具有感情色彩词汇不具有感情色彩 用词具体用词具体 注重专业意义、书面语言注重专业意义、书面语言 较少用短语动词，常用单个动词较少用短语动词，常用单个动词医学英语用词特点医学英语用词特点Style of Medical English: Words医学英语中有众多的习惯用语和专用术语，其词义的稳定性，使它们在表达某一概念或现象时，总是被重复使用。 changedre
17、ssings（换敷料），（换敷料），gooseflesh（鸡皮疙瘩），（鸡皮疙瘩），contrastmedium（造影剂），（造影剂），bluespot（青斑），（青斑），pepticulcer（消化性溃疡），（消化性溃疡），whoopingcough（百日咳）（百日咳） exampleStyle of Medical English: Words医学英语词汇不具有感情色彩（1）Thepilotoftheplaneisresponsibleforthepassengerssafety.（2）Bacteriaortheirproductsareresponsibleformostinstance
18、soffoodpoisoning. responsibleStyle of Medical English: Words医学英语很少使用具有夸张、比喻含义的词汇，用词具体化。（1）Adiabeticisnotallowedtotakesweets.（2）Theprescriberandtheuserofthisproductmustmasterthetermshereof. “患者” Style of Medical English: Words医学英语很少使用具有夸张、比喻含义的词汇（3）Cataracts（白内障）（白内障）areclassifiedaccordingtotheageoft
19、heindividual，etiology，andmorphologiccharacteristicsoftheopacity（模糊）（模糊）.（4）Heisarenaltransplantrecipient. “患者”Style of Medical English: Words医学英语较少使用短语动词，更多地使用所谓“规范”的书面语动词，常常用单个动词用用absorb来表示来表示takein，用用discover来表示来表示findout，用用observe来表示来表示lookat，用用cancel来表示来表示calloff StyleofMedicalEnglish:Grammar 大量
20、使用名词和名词词组大量使用名词和名词词组 较多使用被动语态结构较多使用被动语态结构 频繁使用非谓语动词短语频繁使用非谓语动词短语 包含两个动词以上从句的长句多包含两个动词以上从句的长句多 常用常用will+动词原形或一般现在时动词原形或一般现在时 表示自然规律或通常结果表示自然规律或通常结果 医学英语在语法结构上的一些特点医学英语在语法结构上的一些特点Style of Medical English: Grammar医学英语常用由动词转化来的名词。译文译文1: ThemajorityoftypeIIdiabeticpatientsareobese.Themaingoalofdiettherap
21、yisthereforetoloseweight.Adietrestrictedincaloriesusuallyimprovesthepatientshyperglycemiagreatly. 汉语原文汉语原文:大多数大多数II型糖尿病人肥胖，型糖尿病人肥胖，所以饮食疗法的主要目的是减肥。所以饮食疗法的主要目的是减肥。限制热量摄入的饮食常可明显改善高血糖症。限制热量摄入的饮食常可明显改善高血糖症。 Style of Medical English: Grammar译文译文2: ThemajorityoftypeIIdiabeticpatientsareobese.Themaingoalofd
22、iettherapyisthereforeweightloss.Adietrestrictedincaloriesusuallyresultsinagreatimprovementofthepatientshyperglycemia. 汉语原文汉语原文:大多数大多数I型糖尿病人肥胖，所以饮食疗型糖尿病人肥胖，所以饮食疗法的主要目的是减肥。限制热量摄入的饮食常法的主要目的是减肥。限制热量摄入的饮食常可明显改善高血糖症。可明显改善高血糖症。 Style of Medical English: Grammar医学英语的文献中较多地使用被动语态结医学英语的文献中较多地使用被动语态结构构Theinfan
23、twitheczemamustnotbevaccinateduntilhisskinhasbeenclearforayearorso，norshouldhebeexposedtootherpersonswithfreshvaccinialesions.Thechildwitheczemashouldalsobeprotected，asfaraspossible，fromthevirusofherpessimplex.Heshouldbeimmunizedintheusualwayagainstdiphtheria，pertussis，tetanusandpoliomyelitis.Egg-gr
24、ownvaccinesshouldbeavoidedinegg-sensitivepatients.Style of Medical English: Grammar医学英语文献中，非谓语动词短语用得较医学英语文献中，非谓语动词短语用得较频繁频繁。Alltherapeuticprogrammesdesignedtodecreasethecardiacloadbeginwithrest.Inthenormalsubject，theamountofbloodthattheheartiscalledupontoejectismatched，tothelevelofmetabolicactivity，
25、automaticallyrisingandfallingwiththeoxygenconsumption.Bydecreasingthemetabolicrequirementsviarestrictingactivity，theworkrequiredoftheheartisdecreased.StyleofMedicalEnglish:Grammar医学英语中，包含两个以上从句的长句医学英语中，包含两个以上从句的长句较多。较多。Aclosedoperationisoftenpreferableforpatientswithpuremitralstenosiswhohavenotbeeno
26、perateduponbefore，whohavenodetectablevalvularorperivalvularcalcificationonfluoroscopicexamination，andinwhomthereisnosuspicionofleftatrialthrombosis.StyleofMedicalEnglish:Grammar常用will+动词原形或一般现在时表示自然规律或通常结果汉语原文汉语原文4:选择口服降血糖药或胰岛素须取决于许多因素，选择口服降血糖药或胰岛素须取决于许多因素，包括高血糖的程度，社会及经济状况，低血糖的相对风险包括高血糖的程度，社会及经济状况，低
27、血糖的相对风险和危险以及病人和医生个人所好。和危险以及病人和医生个人所好。译文译文1:Thechoiceofanoralhypoglycemicdrugorinsulinmustdependonmanyfactors，includingthedegree译文译文8:Thechoiceoforalhypoglycemicdrugorinsulinwilldepend/dependsonmanyfactors，includingIntroductionofMedicalEnglishTheSourcesofMedicalTerminologiesWordsrelatedtomedicineinge
28、neralEnglishWordsfromotherlanguagesNewwordscreatedaccordingtoneedWordsrelatedtomedicineingeneralEnglishhand,foot,arm,ear,eye,bone,heartwindpipe/trachea(气管气管)whooping-cough/pertussis(百日咳百日咳)pinkeye/epidemicconjunctivitis(结膜炎结膜炎)athletesfoot/tineapedis(脚癣脚癣)lockjaw/tetanus(破伤风破伤风)piles/hemorrhoids(痔疮痔
29、疮)fits/convulsion(惊厥惊厥)chilblain/erythemapernio(冻疮冻疮)obstructiontolerancerejectionincubationrupture梗阻梗阻耐受性耐受性排异排异潜伏期潜伏期疝疝AmphibiousWordsangrycarrierattackadministrationappendix肿痛发炎的肿痛发炎的带菌者带菌者(疾病疾病)发作发作(药的药的)服法服法阑尾阑尾AmphibiousWordsWordsfromotherlanguages1.MedicalwordsfromLatin:1)acute2)cell3)cortex:
30、EnteringEnglishin1653fromLatin,originallymeaningbarkofatree.Specificreferenceoftheouterlayerofthebrainwasfirstrecordedin1741.Moreexamples:cutis(皮皮)aorta(主动脉主动脉)cervix(颈颈)sinus(窦窦)bronchus(支气管支气管)os(骨骨)abdomen(腹腹)membrane(膜膜)vertebra(椎骨椎骨)cartilage(软骨软骨)2.MedicalwordsfromGreek:1)colon:ItenteredEnglis
31、hin1398,basedonGreekKolon(largeintestine,food,meat)2)coma:ItwasborrowedfromGreekkoma(deepsleep)in1646.3)pneumonia:Greekpneumonia (inflammationofthelungs)enteredEnglishin1603.4)psychology:Coinedin1653fromGreekpsykhe- (breath,spirit,soul)andlogia (studyof),itoriginallymeantstudyofthesoul.Meaningstudyo
32、fthemindwasfirstrecordedin1748.Moreexamples:stoma(口口,小孔小孔)soma(身体身体,躯干躯干)glottis(声门声门)aden(腺腺)derma(真皮真皮)larynx(喉喉)nephron(肾单位肾单位)rachis(脊柱脊柱)pharynx(咽咽)phalanx(指骨指骨)3.MedicalwordsfromFrench:malaise（不适）（不适）faint（虚弱；昏厥）（虚弱；昏厥）disease（疾病）（疾病）bruit（杂音）（杂音）massage（按摩）（按摩）4.MedicalwordsfromItalian:influe
33、nza(流感流感)malaria(疟疾疟疾)quarantine(检疫，隔离检疫，隔离)5.MedicalwordsfromSpanish:mosquito（蚊）（蚊）quinine（奎宁）（奎宁）6.MedicalwordsfromGermanchemotherapy（化疗）（化疗）chromosome（染色体）（染色体）neuron（神经元）（神经元）Newwordscreatedaccordingtoneed antibiotic（抗生素）（抗生素）electrocardiogram（心电图）（心电图）AIDS（爱滋病）（爱滋病）SARS（非典型性肺炎）（非典型性肺炎）Alzheimer
34、sdisease(早老性痴呆症早老性痴呆症)Parkinsonsdisease(帕金森病帕金森病)Asweknow,medicaltermscomefromdifferentorigins,includingLatin,Greek,Frenchandotherlanguages.Oneresultofsuchdiversityinoriginisthatdifferentelementsorevenwordsareusedtorefertothesameconcept,thing,oridea.Overlappinginreferenceisverycommoninmedicaltermino
35、logy.SynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalTerms人体部位人体部位英语英语拉丁拉丁词根根希腊词根希腊词根体体bodycorporo-somato-some头头headcapito-cephalo-心心heartcordi-cardio-手手handmano-/manu-cheiro-手指手指fingerdigito-dactylo-血管血管vesselvaso-angio- Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms 人体部位人体部位英语英语拉丁拉丁词根根希腊词根希腊词根静脉静脉veinveno-phlebo-鼻子鼻子nosenas
36、o-rhino-胸胸chestpecto-thoraco-腹腹bellyabdomino-ventro-脊柱脊柱backbonespino-spondylo-脑脑braincerebro-encephalo- Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms The Plural forms of some medical words A medical term often has both the regular plural form and the foreign plural form. The latter is generally used in fo
37、rmal style, while the regular one is frequently used in daily medical English, especially in spoken English. Somewordsmayhaveonlytheforeignpluralform,forexample,bacillusbacilli,ovumova,somemayhaveonlytheregularform,forexample,virusviruses,antibodyantibodies,electronelectrons.Manyhavebothforms,forexa
38、mple,vertebravertebras,vertebrae,matrixmatrixes,matrices.特殊单复数词尾变化规律特殊单复数词尾变化规律1)a-aee.g.aorta-aortae主动脉主动脉pleura-pleurae胸膜胸膜2)us-ie.g.coccus-cocci球菌球菌bacillus-bacilli杆菌杆菌3)um-ae.g.serum-sera(serums)血清血清bacterium-bacteria4)on-ae.g.phenomenon-phenomenacriterion-criteria5)is-ese.g.crisis-crises危象危象ana
39、lysis-analyses分析分析6)ma-matae.g.trauma-traumata创伤创伤haematoma-haematomata血肿血肿7)men-minae.g.lumen-lumina（管）腔（管）腔abdomen-abdomina腹腹8)元音元音+x-元音元音+cese.g.cortex-cortices皮质皮质appendix-appendices阑尾阑尾thorax-thoraces胸廓胸廓辅音辅音+x-辅音辅音+gese.g.pharynx-pharynges咽咽larynx-larynges喉喉Acronyms首字母缩略词首字母缩略词Acronymsareveryc
40、ommoninmedicalliterature.Anacronymisawordcoinedfromtheinitiallettersofagroupofwords.Theyhavebeenveryactiveandhavebeenincreasinginnumberespeciallyinscienceandtechnology.Alargenumberofacronymshavebeencreatedinmedicalliterature,suchas:CT(computerizedtomography)RBC(redbloodcell)C.C(chiefcomplain)BMR(bas
41、almetabolicrate)B.P(bloodpressure)G.P(generalpractitioner)全科医师全科医师N.P(nursepractitioner)从业护士从业护士Someacronymsarenotmadeoftheinitiallettersofindividualwordsofacompoundterm.Rather,theyaremostlycomposedoftheinitialletterofthewordplusthefirstletterofothercomponentsofthesameword,suchas:TB(tuberculosis)肺结核
42、肺结核OD(overdose)用药过量用药过量IV(intravenous)静脉注射的静脉注射的NP(neuropsychiatry)神经精神医学神经精神医学AttentionshouldbegiventothosenotfrommodernEnglishbutfromLatinorGreek.Thefollowingarethemostcommonlyusedacronymsofthiskind.a.c.(antecibum=beforemeal)p.c.(postcibum=aftermeal)b.i.d(bisindie=twiceaday)t.i.d(terindie=threetim
43、esaday)q.i.d(quarterindie=fourtimesaday)b.i.n(bisinnocte=twiceanight)O.D(oculusdexter=righteye)O.S(oculussinister=lefteye)p.r.n(prorenata=asneeded)q.h(quaquehora=everyhour)q.m(quaquemane=everymorning)q.n(quaquenocte=everynight)医学生誓言医学生誓言THEOATHOFAMEDICALSTUDENT 健康所系、性命相托。Healthrelated，lifeentrusted.
44、当我步入神圣医学学府的时刻，谨庄严宣誓： ThemomentIstepintothehallowedmedicalinstitution，Ipledgesolemnly. 我志愿献身医学，热爱祖国，忠于人民，恪守医德，尊师守纪，刻苦钻研，孜孜不倦，精益求精，全面发展。Iwillvolunteermyselftomedicinewithloveformymotherlandandloyaltytothepeople.Iwillscrupulously一丝不苟地一丝不苟地abidebythemedicalethics,respectmyteachersanddisciplinemyself.Iwi
45、llstrivediligentlyfortheperfectionoftechnologyandforall-rounddevelopmentofmyself. THEOATHOFAMEDICALSTUDENT 我决心竭尽全力除人类之病痛，助健康之完美，维护医术的圣洁和荣誉。 Iamdeterminedtostrivediligentlytoeliminatemanssuffering，enhancemanshealthconditionsandupholdthechastenessandhonorofmedicine.救死扶伤，不辞艰辛，执着追求，为祖国医药卫生事业的发展和人类身心健康奋斗
46、终生！ 国家教委高教司1991106号 附件四 Iwillhealthewoundedandrescuethedying,regardlessofthehardships.Iwillalwaysbeinearnestpursuitofbetterachievement.Iwillworkallmylifeforthedevelopmentofthenationsmedicalenterpriseaswellasmankindsphysicalandmentalhealth.7/20/2024.雄心行为专注顾客原则激励让员工相信战略的内在价值，建立感情联系战略体现在组织能力和管理流程中，人财物为使目标可信，必须将目标转化成具体行为能将外部的顾客期望转化为公司的企业文化做减法，而不是做加法，集中资源于关键点让员工的希望和他们的未来之间建立起联系保证战略实施的6大要素7/20/2024.经济心理学经济心理学Economics Psychological研究人们对生产关系、经济政策和经济机制的心理反映规律的科学。是经济学、管理学和心理学相结合的一门新兴学科。心理经济学是20世纪中叶以后逐步形成的。早期泰罗曾对劳动心理作过研究。而作为一门独立学科是70年代才正式建立的。主要著作：有美国学者乔治坎特纳的心理经济学（1975）等。7/20/2024.
