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1、期末复习题一、Answering the following questions: 1、 Discuss the relationship between quality control and generally accepted auditing standards. 讨论质量控制与公认审计标准之间的关系。2、Two types of attestation services provided by CPA firms are audits and reviews. Discuss the similarities and differences between these two typ
2、es of attestation services. Which type provides the least assurance? 审计与评论是两种由（注册公共）会计事务所提供的认证服务类型。讨论这两种认证服务的相同与不同之处。哪一种类型提供了最小的保证？3、There are five conditions that must be met before an auditor can issue a standard unqualified report for the audit of a private company. Please discuss each of these f
3、ive conditions. 审计员在对私人公司的审计发出一个标准，不合格报告前必须满足五种条件 /情况。请讨论每一种条件/情况。4、There are three conditions requiring a departure from an unqualified audit report. Discuss each of these three conditions and state the appropriate audit report for each condition. 违背/违反一个不合格的审计报告有三个条件。讨论每一个条件并陈述每个条件适当的审计。5、Discuss
4、the three primary requirements for becoming a CPA. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页讨论成为一名注册会计师所需的三大要求。6、Distinguish between audit risk and audit failure. 辨别审计风险和审计失败。7、There are ten generally accepted auditing standards, divided into three categories. List, by category, each
5、 of these ten standards. 有十个被普遍接受的审计标准，被分为三个类别。按类别，列出这十个标准。8、Distinguish between management s responsibility and the auditors responsibility for the financial statements under audit. 区分在审计财务报表时管理者的责任和审计师的责任。9、Describe the six organizational structures available to CPA firms. 描述六个组织结构可供注册会计事务所（选择？）。1
6、0、Discuss how materiality affects audit reporting decisions. 讨论如何实质性影响审计报告的决定。11、 There are five conditions that must be met before an auditor can issue a standard unqualified report for the audit of a private company. Please discuss each of these five conditions. （此题重复3）Answers: 1.For a CPA firm, q
7、uality control encompasses the methods used to make sure that the firm meets its professional responsibilities to clients. Quality control is closely related to, but distinct from, GAAS. A CPA firm must make sure that GAAS are followed on every audit. Quality controls are 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师
8、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页the procedures used by the CPA firm that help it meet requirements demanded by GAAS on every engagement in a consistent manner. 一家注册会计事务所， 用质量控制的方法来确保公司满足其对客户的职业责任。质量控制是与公认会计准则密切相关的，但又区别于它。一家注册会计事务所必须确保每个审计员都遵循公认会计准则。质量控制是注册会计事务所使用的程序，以每个参与一致的方式来帮助它满足公认会计准则的要求。2.（纠结） Tw
9、o primary types of attestation services are: audits of historical financial statements and reviews of historical financial statements. While both services involve the accumulation and evaluation of evidence regarding assertions made by management in the company s financial statements, a review invol
10、ves a less extensive examination and provides a lower level of assurance about the clients financial statements than an audit. 两种基本类型的认证服务:审计历史的财务报表和回顾历史的财务报表。虽然两服务涉及积累和评估的证据的断言关于管理公司的财务报表，回顾了少涉及广泛的检查和提供一个较低的水平,保证客户的财务报表的审计比。3. The five conditions that justify issuing a standard unqualified report a
11、re: 发布标准不合格报告的五个情况是：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页*All statements balance sheet, income statement, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flowsare included in the financial statements. *所有报表资产负债表， 损益表，留存收益表以及现金流量表财务报表所包含的。*The three general standards of GAAS
12、 have been followed in all respects on the engagement. *公认会计准则的三个常规标准在各个方面都被遵循。*Sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been accumulated and the auditor can conclude that the three fieldwork standards have been followed. *充分恰当的证据已经被累积， 审计员可以推断出这三个领域的标准已经被遵循。*The financial statements are presented
13、in accordance with GAAP. *财务报表依照公认会计原则被推出。*There are no circumstances requiring the addition of an explanatory paragraph or modification of the wording of the report. *有任何情况下需要再加一个说明文字段落或修改的报告。4、The three conditions requiring a departure from an unqualified report are: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总
14、结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页违背不合格报告的三个情况是：*a scope restriction imposed by the client or by circumstances beyond the au ditors or clients control which prevents the auditor from accumulating sufficient evidence to reach a conclusion regarding whether financial statements are stated in accordance with
15、GAAP. In this condition, the auditor would issue either a qualified scope and opinion report, or a disclaimer of opinion. *一个范围限制， 由委托人和被环境强加的， 超越审计或顾客的控制器 ,这个控制器是防止审计师积聚足够的证据来达成对于财务报表是否符合公认会计原则的规定的结论。在这种情况下 ,审计师会发表一个合格的范围和意见报告,或拒绝表示意见。*the financial statements were not prepared in accordance with G
16、AAP. In this condition, the auditor would issue a qualified opinion if the GAAP violation were moderately material, or an adverse opinion if the GAAP violation were highly material. 财务报表并不准备按照公认会计原则。在这种情况下,审计师会发表一个合格的观点如果违反公认会计原则是适度的资料,或不利的观点如果违反了公认会计原则是高度的材料。the auditor is not independent. In this
17、condition, the auditor must issue a disclaimer 审核员不是独立。在这种情况下,审核员必须出具免责声明。5、The three primary requirements for becoming a CPA are: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页成为一个注册会计师的三大要求是：*Educational requirement. An undergraduate degree with a major in accounting is required. Most s
18、tates now require 150 semester hours for licensure and some states require 150 semester hours before taking the CPA exam. 教育需求。本科学历,主修会计是必需的。大多数州要求150个学期时间为了发给许可还有一些州要求150个学期小时才可以参加注册会计师考试。*Uniform CPA examination requirement. This is a four-part exam with components on auditing and attestation, fin
19、ancial accounting and reporting, regulation, and business environment and concepts. *统一的注册会计师考试的需求。这是四个的考试和组件为审计、认证、财务会计报告、调控和商业环境和概念。*Experience requirement. The experience requirement varies from state to state with some states requiring no experience, while other states require up to two years of
20、 audit experience. *经验需求。各州的经验要求不同，一些州不需要经验,而其他州需要两年的审计工作经验。*6. Audit risk is the risk that the auditor will conclude that the financial statements are fairly stated and issue an unqualified report when, in fact, the financial statements are materially misstated. An 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
21、 - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页audit failure occurs when the auditor, as a result of his or her failure to follow GAAS, issues an erroneous audit report. *审计风险是审计员会得出这样结论的风险:财务报表是公平陈述的,并在出具不合格报告时,事实上 ,财务报表是重大误报。审计失误发生时 ,审计师就会发行一个错误审核报告,由于他或她没有遵循公认会计准则。7General Standards 普遍标准*Adequate technical training and
22、 proficiency. *足够的技术培训和熟练度*Independence in mental attitude. *独立的心态*Due professional care. *预期的专业护理Standards of Fieldwork 野外工作的标准*Adequate planning and supervision. *足够的规划和管理*Understand the entity and its environment including internal control. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14
23、页*理解实体（本质）及其环境包括内部控制。*Sufficient appropriate audit evidence. *足够合适的审计证据。Standards of Reporting 报告（申报）的标准*Whether statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP. *是否准备按照公认会计原则*Circumstances when GAAP was not consistently followed. *当公认会计原则没有持续被遵守的情况*Adequacy of informative disclosures. *足够的情报信息披露*E
24、xpression of opinion on financial statements as a whole. *以财务报表作为一个整体表达意见8Management is responsible for adopting appropriate accounting policies, maintaining adequate internal control, and making fair representations in the financial statements. The auditors responsibility is to perform an audit des
25、igned to provide reasonable assurance of detecting any material misstatements in the financial statements and to express an opinion on those financial statements at the conclusion of the audit. 管理部门负责采取适当的会计政策,保持足够的内部控制，并在财务精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页报表中做到公平的表现。 审计师的责任是
26、要进行审计目的在于在财务报表中提供了检测任何实质性的合理保证,并对这些财务报表的审核发表意见。9CPA firms can take one of six organizational forms: 注册会计事务所可以采取的六个组织形式*Proprietorship. This form is limited to firms with only one owner. *独资企业。这种形式是有限公司的所有者只有一个。*General partnership. This form is similar to a proprietorship, except that it applies to
27、multiple owners. *一般/（普通）合伙企业。这个形式类似于独资企业,除此之外,它适用于多个业主（所有者） 。*General corporation. Unlike a general partnership, shareholders in a general corporation are liable only to the extent of their investment in the corporation. *通用公司。不像一般的伙伴关系,通用公司股东的责任仅是负责他们在公司的投资范围/程度。*Professional corporation. Professi
28、onal corporations can have one or more shareholders. Personal liability protection for shareholders in professional corporations varies widely from state to state. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页*专业公司。专业的公司可以拥有一个或更多的股东。专业公司的个人责任保护股东在各州之间广泛变化。*Limited liability company . Thi
29、s form combines the most favorable attributes of a general corporation and a general partnership. LLCs are taxed like a general partnership, but its owners have limited personal liability like shareholders of a general corporation. *股份有限公司（有限责任公司/企业）。这种形式结合了通用公司和普通合伙企业最有利的属性。 有限责任企业纳税 ,如同普通合伙企业 ,但其所
30、有者的个人责任如何通用公司股东一样。*Limited liability partnership . An LLP is structured and taxed like a general partnership. However, the personal liability protection of an LLP is less than that of a general corporation or an LLC, but it is greater than a general partnership. Many accounting firms now operate as
31、LLPs. *有限（债务）责任合伙企业。有限责任合伙是结构和纳税像一般合伙企业。然而,有限责任合伙的个人责任保护比通用公司或有限责任企业小 ,但它比一般合伙企业大。 现在许多会计师事务像有限责任合伙企业般运作。10 （此题纠结）When determining the appropriate audit report to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页issue, the auditor considers three levels of materiality for a given condition.
32、 These three levels are (1) immaterial, (2) material without overshadowing the financial statements as a whole, and (3) highly material. For conditions involving a GAAP violation, the materiality level of the violation influences whether an unqualified, qualified, or adverse opinion is issued. For c
33、onditions involving a scope restriction, the materiality of the restriction influences whether an unqualified report, a qualified scope and opinion report, or a disclaimer of opinion is issued. 当确定发布适合的审计报告时,审计员对于一个给定的条件考虑三个层次的实质性。 这三个层次是 (1)、非实质的（非物质的） (2)材料（资料）没有遮盖作为一个整体的财务报表,和(3)高度的资料。包括会计违反（一般）公
34、认会计原则的条件， 违反影响的物质层次是否不合格,或合格 ,或发布不利的意见。包括一个范围制约的条件，制约影响的实质性是否是一个合格的报告、一个合格的范围和意见,或声明的报告发表意见。11. The five conditions that justify issuing a standard unqualified report are: （此题重复 3）*All statements balance sheet, income statement, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flowsare included
35、 in the financial statements. *The three general standards of GAAS have been followed in all respects on the engagement. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页*Sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been accumulated and the auditor can conclude that the three fieldwork standar
36、ds have been followed. *The financial statements are presented in accordance with GAAP. *There are no circumstances requiring the addition of an explanatory paragraph or modification of the wording of the report. 二、Translanting following paragraphs into Chinese 1、To do an audit, there must be inform
37、ation in a verifiable form and somestandards(criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. 在进行审计中，必须要有可验证的形式的信息和一些标准让审计人员能够用来评估信息。2、The PCAOB conducts inspections of registered accounting firms and assess their compliance with the rules of the PCAOB and the SEC. 上市公司会计监管委员会对注册会计师事务所进行
38、检查以评估其符合上市公司会计监管委员会和美国证券交易委员会的规则。3、The AICPA is empowered to set standards (guidelines) and rules that all members and other practicing CPAs must follow. 美国注册会计师协会被授权设定标准（指导方针），所有成员和其他注册会计师从业者必须遵循。4、Sufficient evidence has been accumulated to conclude that the three 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
39、 - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页standards of field work have been met. 充分的证据已经累积得出这三个领域的标准已经得到。5、Audit professionals have a responsibility under common law to fulfill implied or expressed contracts with clients. 专业审计人员有责任在习惯法下对委托方履行暗示或明示合同。6.Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about inf
40、ormation to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. 在信息与建立标准之间的对应关系下，审计是积累和评估与信息有关的证据以确定和报告。 （审计是累计和评估与证据的有关信息以确定和报告信息与既定的准则间的对应程度。 ）7. The auditor must be qualified to understand the criteria used and must be competent to know the types
41、 and amount of evidence to accumulate to reach the proper conclusion after the evidence has been examined. 审计人员必须具备理解 并使用标准的 能力和知道证据类型和数量积累得出适当的结论在证据被测试后。8. The overall purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is to assist in providing investors with reliable information upon which to
42、 make investment decisions. 证券交易委员会的整体目标是为了协助投资者，给他们提供可靠的信息以做出投资决策。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页9. The AICPA sets professional requirements for CPAs, conducts research, and publishes materials on many different subjects related to accounting, auditing, attestation and as
43、surance services, management consulting services, and taxes. 美国注册会计师协会对注册会计师设有专业要求，在与会计、审计、认证和保证服务、管理咨询服务、税收相关不同主题的基础上进行研究并出版材料。10.Sarbanes-Oxlex Acxrequires the auditor of a public company to attest to managements report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. 萨班斯法要求在财务报告外，上市公司的审计员要鉴定证明 管理当局内部控制的有效性报告。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页
