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1、Unit 4 Amazing Science Topic 1 When was it invented? 一重要句型：Section A 1. Because I was not allowed to play computer games last night. 因为昨晚他们不让我玩电脑游戏。allow “允许、准许 ” 的意思。常用于以下几种形式：(1) allow +n./prep 如：We cant allow such a thing. 我们不容许这种事情发生。(2) allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事如：She allowed me to go fishing.
2、她允许我去钓鱼。(3) allow +doing sth 允许做某事如：We dont allow smoking in the reading-room. 我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。(4) be allowed to do sth 如：被允许做某事The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放学后学生们被准许在操场上做游戏。2. It s bad for your health if you spend too much time on them.你在那上面花的时间太多，会危害你的健康。(1)(2
3、) A. too much 太多既是形容词短语，也是副词短语，所以too much 它既可以修饰不可数名词，也可以用来修饰动词。too much water 太多的水；eat too much 吃得太多；B. too many 修饰可数名词的复数形式。much too 是“很， 太”，修饰形容词或是副词。He shouldnt walk too much. 他不应该走太多路。She has too many books in her room. 她房间书太多了。This watch is much too dear / expensive. 这块表太贵了。3. Kangkang shows a
4、 model to Jane. 康康给简展示了一个模型。A. show v. 给.看，show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 把某物给某人看；Can you show your new watch to me? = Can you show me your new watch? 你能把新手表给我看看吗？B. show sb. around 带领某人参观. Welcome to my city. I ll show you around some places of interest. 欢迎来我市，我将带你参观一些名胜古迹。C. show n. 展览，展示；on sho
5、w 展出。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页There is a TV play show on CCTV-1. 在中央一台有一部电视剧在播放。4. What s it made of? 它是用什么做成的？(1) be made in 在地方制造，后接表示地点的名词。The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本生产的。(2) be made of 用制造的，表示原材料未经化学变化，仍可看得出原材料。These houses are made of stones. 这些房子是由石头建造的。(
6、3) be made from 用制造的，表示原材料经过化学变化，已看不出其原样。Paper is made from wood.纸是木头造的。(4) be made by 由（被）（人）制作，后接表示人的名词或代词。Was this cake made by your mother?这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？(5) be made into （某物）被制成Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成各种各样的物品。(6) be made up of 由组成The medical team is made up of ten doctors.
7、 这支医疗队由10 位大夫组成。5. Do you know what a rocket is used for? 你知道火箭是用来做什么的吗？(1) be used for+v.ing = be used to do （被）用来做强调用途或作用；Pen are used for writing. = Pen is used to write. 钢笔被用来写字。(2) be used as （被）作为而用，强调被当作工具或手段来用。English is used as a foreign language in China. 英语在中国被当做外语。(3) be used by 被使用，by 后
8、跟人 /物，强调使用者。Recorders are often used by English teachers.英语老师经常使用录音机。Computer is used by some people as toys. 电脑被有些人当作玩具用。6. I wish I could go into space some day. 我希望有一天我也可能飞上太空。A. wish 后面接 that 从句常用虚拟语气。本句表达康康的主观臆想，不一定能实现， 想这种表达主观意愿和假想的语气叫做虚拟语气。表达现在的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式；表示将来的愿望，从句的动词用could / would 加动词原形。
9、I wish that i didn t have to go to work today. 我希望今天不用上班。I wish I could have my own house. 我希望我能拥有自己的房子。B. wish 常用结构 : wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事；wish to do sth. 希望做某事；wish + that 从句希望 (表示不太可能实现的愿望)；1. I _the students to speak English in class. A.hope B.wish C.think D.make 2. I wish that I _ abroad
10、 some day. A.can go B.will go C.could go D.go Section B 1. Do you know when it was invented? 你知道它什么时候发明的吗？2. It s said that he invented more than two thousand things during his life . 据说爱迪生一生有两千多项发明。（1）此句中的It s said that 其中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的句子。整个句子是带有主语从句的主从复合句。It is said that she has got marr
11、ied. 听说她结婚了。It is not known whether they will come today. 他们今天是否会来还不知道。类似的结构还有it s report that.“ 据报道 ” ，It s known that.据了解（2）more than = over 超过；（3）during one s life = in one s life 某人的一生；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页Lei Feng did a lot of good things during his life. 雷锋在他
12、的一生中做了许多好事。3. Let s go this way. 我们这边走。A. go this way = take / come this way. 走这边；B. by the way 顺便说一下；in a way 在某种程度上；in no way 无论如何不 ;决不；on the way home 在回家的路上； on ones way to.到去的途中； in any way 无论如何；show somebody the way 为某人引路；lead the way 带路；get in the way 妨碍；4. They were just hard-wearing pants d
13、esigned for workers. 这些只是为工人设计的耐磨的裤子。（1）hard-wearing pants 耐磨的裤子；（2）designed for workers 为工人设计的，过去分词短语作后置定语。5. Their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable. 为了让人们感觉舒适，他们的材料已经被改变了。（1） have been changed 已经被改变。是现在完成时的被动语态，其结构是：has / have + been + 动词的过去分词；（2） so that 目的是，为了。引导目的状语
14、从句，常与情态动词连用；he saves lots of money so that he can buy a new car. 他为了能买一部新车攒了很多钱。（3） feels more comfortable 感觉更舒服。feel 感官动词+形容词作表语。6. They are designed not only for workers but also for teenagers and women. not only. but also. 不但而且,连接成分，连接并列主语时谓语动词使用就近原则。Not only you but also he is my friend. 不但你而且他都
15、是我的好朋友。Section C 1. Inventions come about in many ways. 发明以许多方式出现。come about意为“出现、发生”。come 加介词或副词构成的动词短语。类似的还有：come from来自；come back 回来；come in 进来；come over 过来；突然感到；顺便来访；come along 过来，进展，出现；come out 出版，出来，开花，冲晒影片；come up 走近，上来，靠近；come up with 想出; 提出; 追赶上; 设法拿出 ; come into being 产生; 诞生; 开始存在 ; come d
16、own ；下来 , 倒塌； come over ：顺便拜访；练一练：1.-Hi,Sam.Were going for a walk. Would you like to _?-Great!Lets go. A.come along B.come on C. come out D.come up 2.The stars _as soon as it was dark. A.came down B.came in C.came over D.came out 3. Can you tell me how the accident _? A.came down B.come about C.came
17、 about D.come out 2. Most of the time, inventions happen because someone works to solve a problem. 大多数时候，有人为了解决问题而工作，发明偶然出现了。（1）most of the time 大多数时候；（2）solve a problem 解决问题； solve 的宾语多为problem，answer 的宾语多为question。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页3. None of these things was
18、planted in fields. 这些物品没有一个是被种在田地里的。no one 和 none 都表示否定，但用法有所不同，他们的区别是。A. no one 用来指人， 含有 not even one （连一个人也没有）之意，其后不能接of 短语。 用作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。No one knew who took the book by mistake. 没有人直到谁误拿我的书。B. none 不仅指人也可指物，其后常跟of 短语，构成“ none of +名词/ 代词”结构。当名词是复数时，谓语动词单复数均可。None of the houses has / have a larg
19、e garden in some big cities. 在一些大城市里，没有一幢房子带有大花园。注意： a. -How many people are there in your classroom now?-None. B. - Who is in your classroom now?- No one. 练一练：1.We can t buy anything because _ of the shops are open at this time. A.all B.some C.any D.none 2.How many apples are there in the basket? _
20、.You had better go and buy some. A.No one B.Nothing C.None D.Neither 4. Inventing is interesting. 发明是有趣的。此处 inventing 是动名词作主语，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；Section D 1.This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜晚只要天气晴朗，能看见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。（1）A. work well 意为“奏效
21、，起作用，产生影响”。The medicine worked well. 药物奏效了。B. well 是副词。同类用法还有：（物品） +sell well.意为“ 卖的很好”；（衣物） + wash well 意为“ 洗得很好”；（车） +ride well 意为“ 骑得很好”。C. work out 计算，算出；work as 从事某种职业；work on / upon 从事，忙于；work at 做，从事，学习，攻读；work for 为做事，为尽力，被雇佣者；（2）as long as 只要As long as you work hard ,you must succeed one da
22、y. 只要你努力，有一天你会成功的。练一练：a). This method sounds_,and works _ in our studies. A.well,well B.good ,good C.good,well D.well,good. 2.But it didn t work so well during the rest of the time. 但是在其余时间，这种方法就不适用了。the rest 剩余部分，后接of +n. 如果跟的是可数名词复数形式，它就是复数；如果跟不可数名词，它就单数。The rest of the apples are for you. 剩下的苹果是给
23、你的。The rest of milk has gone bad. 剩下的牛奶变化了。3. The GPS is a great invention that helps us explore our planet and discover where we are.全球定位系统是一项能帮助我们研究我们的星球并且能确定我们在哪里的伟大发明。此句中 that 是 invention 代词，引导定语从句。where 是 discover 副词，引导宾语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页练一练：a).Tony,tel
24、l me the result of the discussion_ you had with your dad yesterday. A.what B.that C.when D.who b). Does anybody know_? It s Uncle Lee s.A.where is the bike B.who the bike is C.whose bike it may be D.whose bike it is 二重点语法：1. 一般过去时的被动语态谓语部分的基本形式：be的过去式was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如：When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？
25、It was made in 1980. 它是 1980 年制造的。When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发明的？It was invented in 1975. 它是 1975 年发明的。1）陈述句：主语+ was /were+ 动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+ 其他The PRC was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949 年。2）疑问句： Was it made in China? 它是中国制造的吗？3）否定句：主语+ was /were+ not + 动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾格)+ 其他Her
26、 books weren t stolen yesterday.昨天她的书没被偷走。4）特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+was /were + 主语 +动词的过去分词+ 其他When were those machines produced? 这些机器什么时候生产的？2、时间前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换 in 才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at 也用在时分前，说“ 差” 可要用上to。说“ 过” 只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。三重点词组：1too much 太多；2b
27、e made of 由某种物质做成(看得出原材料，物理过程)；3be made from 由某种物质制成(看不出原材料， 化学过程 )；4be made up of 由几部分组成；5be made in 在某地 /某时制造；6be made by 由某人制造；7be made into 被制成；8be used for 被用来做什么；9be used as （被）作为而用；10be used by 被使用；11be allowed to do sth. 被用来做什么；12allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事；13allow +doing sth 允许做某事；14play co
28、mputer games 玩电脑游戏；15spend sometime on sth. 某人花时间或金钱在某事上；16spend some money (in) doing sth. 某人花时间或金钱做某事；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页17show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 把某物给某人看；18show sb. around 带领某人参观；19send satellites or spaceship 发射人造卫星或是宇宙飞船；20go into space 飞上太空；21some
29、day 有一天；22model rocket 火箭模型；23digital camera 数码相机；24come true 实现；25It s said that 据说；26more than = over 超过；27during = in one s life 某人一生；28go this way = take / come this way. 走这边；29widely used 被人们广泛的使用；30feels more comfortable 感觉更舒服；31be different from . 不同于；32light bulb 灯泡；33hard-wearing pants 耐磨的裤
30、子；34designed for workers 为工人设计的；35the brown cloth 棕色的布；36different jeans styles 不同款式的牛仔裤；37not only. but also. 不但而且；38a new way of doing things 一种做事的新方法； 39come about 出现、发生；40most of the time 大多数时候；41solve a problem 解决问题；42plant in fields 种在田里；43in the invention process 在发明的过程中；44the result of the a
31、ccidents 事故的结果；45a few simple steps to follow 几个简单要遵从的步骤；46wild and crazy thoughts 疯狂的想法；47laugh at 嘲笑；48what people said 人们所说的话；49be discouraged by 为灰心丧气；50brainstorm for ideas 想出一些想法；51make a model of . .为制作一个模型；52make a detailed drawing 为制一个详细的图纸；53work as it is planned 像被计划的那样起作用；54share.with 跟分
32、享；55use your imagination 运用你的想像力；56name your invention 给你的发明起名字；57plan and design your invention 计划并设计你的发明；58test your invention 试验你的发明；59X-ray machine X 光机；60a very interesting number 一个非常有趣的数字；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页61explore our world 探索我们的世界；62good guiding marks
33、很好的地标；63in which direction 在哪个方向；64work well 奏效，起作用，产生影响；65as long as 只要；66during the rest of the time 在其余时间里；67the Global Positioning System(GPS)全球定位系统68the shape of the earth 地球的形状；69at any time 在任何时候；70help us explore our planet 帮我们探索星球；四练习：A.选择题。1.Many houses_ in the earthquake of August 3,2014
34、in Ludian of Yunnan Province. A.is destroyed B.are destroyed C.was destroyed D.were destroyed 2.It was reported that Beijing,Shanghai and Jiangsu _ to be the three happiest places in China. A.are finding B.were finding C.were found D.is found 3.Many students _ chances to show themselves in class bec
35、ause the class size is too big . A.don t give B.aren t given C.haven t given D.won t give 4.It is true that knowledge _ rather than being taught. A.learns B.learned C.is learned D.was learned 5.Only-child couples_ to have two babies in most of the cities in China. A.are allowing B.have allowed C.are
36、 allowed D.were allowed 6. -Your coat looks nice. Is it _ cotton? -Yes. It s _ Shanghai.A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made for, made in D. made from, made by 7. Computers are very useful. For example, they can _ sending e-mails. A. be used to B. be used with C. be used for D. be used of
37、 8.Why _ you go t o Jane s birthday party last Sunday?Because I_. A.not,wasn t invited B.didn t,wasn t invitedC.don t,didn t invite D.weren t,invited9.What will the weather be like tomorrow?It _ be rainy,cloudy or sunny.Who knows? A.must B.may C.shall D.could 10.There are many kinds of jeans_ in the
38、 modern supermarket. A.choose B.choosing C.to choose D.to choose from 11.Zhongzhou Subway Line 1_ on Dec.26.2013.Now it is easy for people to go through the city from west to east. A.is finished B.was finished C.finished D.will finish 12.The air pollution will cause some_ if we still have no effecti
39、ve measures to take. A.problems B.questions C.ideas D.thoughts 13.We don t have enough books,so you have to _ one with Jack. A.share B.enjoy C.use D.buy 14.In my opinions,it is important to express our _ to parents when we have disagreements. A.hobbies B,thoughts C.habits D.jobs 15.If you check your
40、 report more carefully,you can avoid more _ mistakes. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页A.clever B.awful C.lucky D.silly 16.Will you go to the opening ceremony? If I_,I will go. A.invite B.am invited C.will be invited D.have invited 17.Excuse me,Where are they going to play foo
41、tball? Sorry,I m not sure.Ask the team leader.He_ know. A.can B.may C.shall D.need 18.Hurry up, you _ on the phone. A. Wanted B. was wanted C. are wanted 19. Some stories _the children by the teacher everyday. A. is told for B. are told for C. are told to 20._that he has studied abroad for five year
42、s. A. It is said B. It says C. That is said 21.With the money_ he saved when he was young,he could go on with his education. A.what B.who C.this D.that 22.Would you please drive _? My train is leaving. I d like to,but safety comes first.A.better B.more carefully C.more slowly D.faster 23. Sorry for
43、being late again. _ here on time next time,or you ll be punished.A.Be B.Being C.To be D.Been 24.Although flight MH370 has been missing for months,I do believe it _ some day in the future. A.will find B.won t find C.will be found D.won t be found25.She asked me_. A.that I could help her with her Engl
44、ish B.if I could pick her up after school C.where I buy the book D.when would I leave B.根据题意完成下列句子。1. My parents didnt allow me to play computer games. （改为被动语态）I _ not _ to play computer games by my parents. 2. The computer desk is made of wood. （提问）_ the computer desk made of? 3. Jim bought a new s
45、weater. （改为被动语态）A new sweater _ _by Jim. 4. The house wasn t built in 1998 by them. （改为主动语态）They _ _the house in 1998. 5. Did he make you work for long time at night? （改为被动语态）_ you _ to work for long time by him at night? 6.People used the light bulbs widely in the past. ( 改为被动语态）The light bulbs _ _
46、 _ by people in the past. 7. We can launch spaceships to explore other planets. (改为被动语态）Spaceships _ _ _to explore other planets. 8. Gore Verbiniski directed the movie Pirates of the Caribean in America . (对划线部分提问）_ _ Gore Verbiniski _ the movie Pirates of the Caribbean? 9. The MP3 player was developed around 1998. ( 对划线部分提问) _ _ the MP3 player _? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页
