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1、立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本英语中表示比较的句型复杂繁多,表现形式多种多样,往往差之毫厘,谬之千里。因此在翻译的时候,需要仔细分析,以求达到准确理解,然后才能进行贴切的表达。所以,从理解与表达的角度来看,比较的形式是次要的, 真正重要的是意义上的比较。英语中常见的比较结构主要包括比较级,递增或递减式比较,强化式比较,否定式比较,选择式比较等。一、比较级比较级包括超越、相等和差逊三种情况。1)超越。 表示超越的比较结构主要有:better than(胜过,优于),more than+ 从句(多余,超过),“than + 关系代词”的从句(再不过), superior to(占优势,比胜一筹)。
2、例如:Doing is better than saying.百说不如一做。She has talked more than what is necessary.她说了一些多余的话。He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest. 他是个再诚实不过的学者了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本2)相等。 表示相等的比较结构主要有:as as(如一样),as well as (既又,和一样),the same as (像一样
3、),such/ soas(像一样), no sooner than(一就),no more than (就像,不优于), no less than(就像,不次于),否定代词 +more than / else than / other than)(只不过而已)。例如:Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man. 像恺撒一样,庞培也是一位伟人。Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history. 像荷马那样的诗人,不仅精通文学,还精通历史
4、。Youre no more capable of speaking French than I am. 你我都不会说法语。3) 差逊。表示差逊的比较结构主要有:inferior to(比差, 逊于),less than(少于,不到)。例如:She is to some degree inferior to him in literary. 在文学上,她比他稍逊风骚。It rains less in Jinan than in Hangzhou.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本济南的降
5、雨比杭州少。二、递增或递减式比较结构英语中表示递增或递减意义的结构主要有:the+ 最高级 , the+最高级(最,最),from+原级 +to+比较级(越越),more and more / ever more / growing / increasingly / on the increase(越来越, 与日俱增), more than(不仅, 而且有余), more, less . (越反而更),none the more / not at all (毫无,毫不) ,no less than( 不但,而且 ),the more, the more(越越)。例如:He is the bes
6、t general who makes the fewest mistakes. 犯错最少的将军就是最好的将军。He becomes more and more irritated by her selfish behavior. 他对她的自私的行为越来越恼火。The reservoir can more than make up for the shortage of rainfall.水库里的水不仅可补雨水之缺,还绰绰有余。After hearing her lecture on computers Im none the wiser. 听了她关于计算机的讲座,我毫无收获。精选学习资料 -
7、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本三、强化式比较结构英语中表示强化式比较的结构主要有:far / much / considerable / appreciably / lots / a lot / a good deal / a great deal + 比较级(远比得多,远胜于),more than + 原级(分外,格外), no +比较级(一点儿也没有),still (even) +比较级(更加,倍加),second to none (比毫不逊色)。例如:In a sense, translati
8、on is considerably more difficult than composition. 在某种意义上,翻译比写作要难得多。The Chinese flowering crabapple looks still even more charming against the green leaves.在绿叶的映衬下,海棠花显得更加娇艳。The situations in Iraq become no better. 伊拉克的形势一点儿也没好转。Chinese garden architecture is second to none in artistic style. 中国的园林
9、建筑在艺术风格上不比任何别的国家差。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本四、否定式比较结构英语中表示否定式比较的结构主要有:比较级+名词+than + 被比较的名词(与其说,不如说),比较级+ of + 名词 +than +被比较的名词(与其说,不如说),more likely than(与其说,不如说), rather a than a (与其说,不如说),比较级 + than +原级(有余,不足),more than +不定式(虽然,还不至于),比较级+分词+than + 分词(没有,
10、倒是)。例如:It sounds more a lyric than a song.它与其说是歌词,不如说是一首抒情诗。He seems more cautious than decisive.他显得谨慎有余,而果断不足。I m wiser than to believe him. 我还没傻到相信他的地步。The child was more frightened than hurt. 孩子没有受伤,倒是受了些惊吓。五、选择式比较结构精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页立身以立学为先,立学以读书为本英语中表示选择式比较
11、的结构主要有:had better / best (最好,还是的好 ),would rather than(与其, 不如) ,better to rather than(不如), prefer to rather than(宁愿,不)。例如:Youd better look before you leap.你最好三思而后行。Would rather break than bend.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。Better to have a bird in hand than the ten in the air.十鸟在走,不如一鸟在手。Prefer to die rather than surrender.宁死不屈。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页