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1、初中英语词组总结1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at ( 感官动词 )+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界7 along with 同 一道，伴随 eg : I will go along wit
2、h you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for 求助向要 （直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在 岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of
3、sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初； 的开始15 at the end of +地点 /+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 从句感觉 /对什么有信心，自信eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表： 1 现在进行时2 将来时1
4、9 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够 eg : She is able to sing She can s ing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕 eg : Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch T
5、V 我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Dont be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as原级 as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离28 be away from 从 离开29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好3
6、0 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from 和什么不一样精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 21 页34 be famous for 以 著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? D
7、oes he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满 的 be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/ 从句39 be going to + v( 原）将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长 , 善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很
8、高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48
9、 be like 像 eg : Im like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由 制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由 制成 (制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表* 的缩写eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for
10、 sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : Hes strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格64
11、 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth 一定会
12、做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 21 页70 be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as 和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事eg: My father is used to getting up
13、early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子because of +短语eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start with =be
14、gin with 以什么开始什么eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between and 两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向 借 lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给 什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打扰bother sb to do
15、 sth eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了Hes bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到 为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心eg : Dont you care about this countrys
16、future ? 你为什么不关心国家的未来85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？92 dance to 随着
17、跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在 方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Dont mind +doing / 从句/名词 不要介意 99 each +名（单）每一个eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing 喜欢102
18、 escape from 从 逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样eg : I find the book
19、 interesting 109 finish 完成 +doing（名词）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 21 页110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Dont forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from to 从某某到某某eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做 eg: I have
20、 my hair cut 我理了发 (头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for
21、 math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth 120 get from 从某处得到某物121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（
22、不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to ( 地方） 去过某过地方have gone to （地方）去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴134 have sth to do 有什么
23、事要做eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 have time +doing 138 have (时间) off 放 假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth ones
24、 sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法145 if : 是否 wether eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorr
25、ow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if : 如果，假如（全部接一般时态）条件语态从句eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 21 页If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的Ill go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国14
26、7 in ones opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方面149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后150 in the north of 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）151 in the sun 在太阳下152 increase 增加eg : Theyve increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago
27、to 18 million now 153 instead of + （名 ） 代替eg: Id like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my ho
28、mework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 Its +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 Its +adj +to do 做某事怎么样159 Its +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样Its +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样160 Its +adj(for sb) to do （对某人来说）做某事怎么样Its +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : Its nice of you to help me with my English 161 Its a good
29、 idea for sb to do sth 对 来说是个好主意162 Its important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: Its important to me 163 Its time to do sth Its time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间eg : Its time to have class Its time for class 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样？167 keep out 不让 进入168 keep sb ad
30、j 让 保持 eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 21 页169 key to + 名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to anser to key 可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at 取笑 eg : Dont langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We shoul
31、d learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望eg ： We shouldnt let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望177 live from : 离某地远178 live in + 大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾照看180 lose ones way 谁 迷 路 eg : Los
32、e your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样eg : You m
33、ust made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人 /某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事eg : I made him write 我以前让他写189 make up be made up of ( 被动语态）由 组成190 make difference to 191 mind sb to do mind ones doing 介意 做什么192 most +名 most of +代193 much too + 形容词194 must be 一定 195 need +名词196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某
34、事197 need to do (实义动词）need do (情态动词）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不 eg: He didnt cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not (形 、副） at all eg: Hes not tall at all she doesnt junp far at all 202 not at all 一点都不精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总
35、结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 21 页203 not either 表否定，也不eg : I dont japanse either I dont have sister, either 我也没有姐姐204 not until 直到 才 eg: I didnt sleep until my mother came back The child didnt stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西
36、给某人eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on ones way to 在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时in time 及时211 one day some day someday 一天，有一天212 one of + 可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的e
37、g : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作fall-time job 全职工作216 pay for 付 钱 pay the bill 开钱，付钱217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对 更喜欢 eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，
38、我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做 不愿意去做 eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做 也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意 eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do
39、 sth 装着去做什么pretend that 从句eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案224 rather than 宁可 也不 eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
40、 - - - - -第 7 页，共 21 页225 regard as 把 当作 eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 re
41、mid sb of sth 使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人229 say to oneself 对自己说230 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb
42、spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物238 send to 把什么寄到哪里去？239 shock 使 震惊eg : Oh , Its only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！
43、吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book. 241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her. 243 some others 一些 另一些 244 start with 从 开始 begin with 从 开始245 stay away from 远离 eg : Were told to stay away f
44、rom the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物If you want to lose weight youd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246 stop doing 停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 21 页248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事249 stop to do 停下正
45、在做的事去做下一件事250 such +名 这样，这种251 suit sb 适合某人252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇to ones surprise 令某人惊奇253 take classes 上课254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk go for a walk 散步256 talk to 对谁说eg : I talk to you talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him talk of 谈到eg : we talked of yo
46、u talk about 谈论关于 257 talk with sb 和某人说话258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么263 tell from 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词 (doing)
47、+as 266 the same( 名) as as (adj adv) as 相同267 the way to do sth the way of doing st 做某方面的方法 the way to +地方去哪的路e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to（地点）到哪的 269 too to 太怎样而不能 adj +enough to 足够 能 so that +丛句eg: He is too young to go to school =
48、 He is so young that he cant go to school He is old enough to go to school He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte into 把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游 272 try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do
49、sth 想干什么，但没成功try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了274 try试衣服have a try 试一下275 turn down 开小 turn up 开大276 turn off 关上 turn on 打开open 拆开277 upside down 倒着精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 21 页278 visit to 参观某个地方279 wait for sb 等某人1.宾语从
50、句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon. The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school. I want to know who came here late this morning. 2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV . We t
51、hought Jim was wrong. 3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. 4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是 will you ）Do you know which sweater she is wearing? ( 不是 is she) 2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则 if(如果 ), unless(除非 )，when
52、(当的时候 ), as soon as(一 就) ，before, after, until, till, as( 当的时候 )所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week. Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. 2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：I would give the money to the ch
53、arity if I had a million dollars. When he got to the park, his classmates had left. My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. 3.定语从句：关系代词who 只指人， which 只指物。 that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略， 作宾语时可省略。whom 只指人， 只作宾语。 关系副词where 指“ 在那里 ” ，when 指“ 在那时 ” 。She is a girl who/
54、that is beauti l and kind-hearted. She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well. That boy whosehair is very long is my brother. ( 所属 ) The girl whois tall is my sister. / I own a bike whoseprice is high. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 21 页I bought a watch (which/that) I paid
55、 100 yuan for. （指物）I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet. I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life. （在这儿）I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog. 4.wish 和 hope:1wish 可接 to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that 从句 . I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish youto j
56、oin my party this Sunday. I wish (that) I could be a scientist. 2hope 接 to do sth. 或 that 从句 . 但不接 sb to do sth. I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon. 5.thanks for 和 thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work. (表达对对
57、方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。) Thanks to your suggestion, I didn t make such mistakes.(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。) 6.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, feel 等词， 后接宾语， 再接动词原形/ 动词 ing, 分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. ( 正进行 ) I heard someone kn
58、ock at the door three times. ( 听的是全过程) I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (频率词 ) 若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to 不定式：We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife. He was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife. 7.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 可当系动词， 后接形容词。 He looks
59、 . It sounds good. The flowers smell beauti l. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired. 这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet. 是错误的。注意：如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea. It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt. 8.find 和 think
60、部分用法 : + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从 ) 宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语， John found his son a clever boy. 2.形容词短语，Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 21 页3.有时宾补后可接带to 不定式， I found it hard to fool the girl. 9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like， 和 want 类似：都可接名词短语：
61、 I would like/ want another three desks. 都可接带to 不定式： I would like/ want to go out for a walk. 都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式 : I would like you to give me a hand. 2 feel like: 后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea? 后若接动词，须用动词ing 形式： Do you feel like having a walk? I dont feel like drinking tea.【feel like 常用于疑问句或否定句
62、中。 】10.词序易错的短语：1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge? Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the computer. I want to go somewhere warm. 2 else 修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room? Do you have anything else to say? Wh
63、ere else can you see it? 3 enough 修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work. He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. 11.对“ 评价 ” 、“ 天气 ” 的提问之区别：1What do you think of ?=How do you like ? “你对 怎么看？ ” (How? 句中有 like，是动词。 ) 2What s the weather like in ? = How is th
64、e weather in ?“的天气什么样?” (What ?句中有 like，是介词 “ 像” 。) 12.take, cost, pay, spend 区别：1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth. It took us half an hour to cut down the tree. 2 物+cost+sb+钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan. (cost, cost, cost) 若 cost 后无 sb, 则译作 “ 价钱是 ” ：The bag costs 30 Yuan. 3 人+ pay +sb + 钱 +
65、 for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike. (pay, paid, paid). (pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。 ) 4 人 + spend + 时间 / 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth. The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet. The girl always spends much money on her clothes. spend 有时可指 “ 度过 ” ：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter 13.双宾结
66、构： pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/ask/ tell/ build等可加双宾结构。 即后接 sb + sth. 其中 pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show 等可接 sth + to sb. buy, build 等可接 sth + for sb. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 21 页另外，若sth 是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please pass it to me. 14.部分词作连
67、词与介词： （连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher. （连词）Keep care l when listening to the teacher. （介词）类似的， while, than, before, after, as, since, until 等。如： I ll wait until I hear from her. （连词）I ll wait until next Friday. （介词）15.动词 ed与动词 ing 作形容词用法之一: 1. 动词 ed 作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作
68、定语。The boy named Peter is my friend. 那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。He s eating fried chicken. 他在吃炸鸡。There is no time left. I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun. 我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。He lives in a house builttwenty years ago. 2. 动词 ing 作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running
69、 on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正进行 ) a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit ( 功能 ) 16.动词 ed与动词 ing 作形容词用法之二： 和心理感受有关， 但 ed 修饰人，ing 常修饰物。I felt surprised at his words. How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing. 17.动词 ing 和带 to 不定式作主语：To be a teacher i
70、s my dream. Working hard brings you success. Taking care of our environment is very important. To plant trees makes me happy. （谓语用单数）Reading books gives you knowledge. ( 谓语用单数 ) Listening and writing are both difficult. (谓语用复数 ) 18.later / after / ago /before: 1 later“时间后 ” 结构：时间段 +later 常用于一般过去时。Th
71、ey went to Beijing five days later. (later 单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I ll see you later.)2after“时间后 ” 结构： after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和1相同。 They went to Beijing after five days. (after 也可加句子： I ll send you an e-mail after I get home. He found out the information after he had searched the Internet for thirty minutes.) 3ag
72、o“ 时间前 ” 结构：时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时。The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago. (since +时间段 +ago，主句用现在完成时) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 21 页4before 单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“ 以前 ”I have been to London before. He has seen the film before. (若是时间段 +before, 则常用过去完成时，译为“ 时间前 ” ：I had seen the fi
73、lm two weeks before. We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.) 19.四季： spring 春； summer 夏； autumn 秋； winter 冬； season季20.月： January, 一月； February, 二月； March, 三月； April, 四月；May, 五月； June, 六月； July, 七月； August, 八月； September, 九月； October, 十月； November, 十一月； December, 十二月。21.星期： Sunday
74、, 星期日； Monday, 星期一； Tuesday, 星期二；Wednesday, 星期三； Thursday, 星期四； Friday, 星期五；Saturday, 星期六。 Sunday 为第一天， Saturday 为最后一天。22. “也” ：either, 用于否定句的末尾。also, 通常挨着动词， 少用于句尾。 too, 通常在句尾， 前常有逗号。 as well, 只用于句尾。注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。23.带 to 不定式用法之一：带 to 不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to 后动词用及物动词，不及物时需加介词。The apples are too tall for the
75、 boy to reach. /The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in. 24.(a) little / (a) few: 1few ，little“几乎没有；少” 否定词。 few 加可数名词复数, little 加不可数名词。2a few “一些 ”肯定词，加可数名词复数; a little“一些；一点 ” 也是肯定词，加不可数名词。3另外，在too, very, so 等词后用few, little; 在 only, just, still 等词后用a few, a little. 而 quite a few/ a littl
76、e 译为 “ 很多 ”25.及物动词 +副词： put on/off/away/up/down/out; break off/down; turn on/off/up/down; get back; use up; give away/out/up/back; try out/on; ring/call up; let down; clean up/out; set up; think up; hand in/out; fix up; work out; ;dress up;pick up; help out; keep off/out/down cut down; write down; w
77、ake up( 叫醒 ); take off/away; sell out; look up/over; eat up; throw away/off 宾语是名词时，可放在中间或后边，是代词时只放在中间。26.as as 用法： 1和一样 His room is as big as mine.He runs as fast as I /me. 2as as possible/sb can “尽可能 ”We went there as soon as possible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。Listen to the teacher as carefully you can. 3有些短语有几个
78、意思：as soon as 和 一样快；一 就 ；as much as和一样多；多达；as long as和 一样长；长达；只要； as well as 和一样好；和 一样； as far as远达；就 来说；27.prefer 用法： prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth 比起 更喜欢 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿 也不愿 prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页
79、，共 21 页28. some-, any-, every-用法： 1some-“ 某，一些” ，用于肯定的陈述句中。I have something to tell you. Maybe somebody has taken it. 若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议. Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑问句中仍译为“ 某，一些 ”D
80、o you have anything to say ？Is anybody in the house？在肯定句和否定句中译为“ 任何 ”You may put the box anywhere in the room. He is taller than any other student in the class. We dont have anything to eat this morning. 3every-“ 每 ” ，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybody here？-No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave. The glass w
81、as broken, and the water went everywhere. 29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are + v.ing) 、一般将来时 (will/shall/be going to+动词原形 )、一般过去时、 过去进行时 (was/were +v.ing) 、 现在完成时 (have/has + v. 过去分词 )、过去完成时 (had + v. 过去分词 )、过去将来时 (would + v. 原形 ) 六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数(加 s/es)；现在分词 (v.ing)；带 to 不定式。30.if/whethe
82、r 区别： if 如果 (引导条件状从) / 是否 (引导宾从 ) whether 无论 (引导让步状从 ) / 是否 (引导宾从 ) 都译为 “ 是否 ” 时， whether 可接 or not, 也可接带to 不定式。if 则不可。另外，if 可接 any-单词，常不接some-单词。If you have any water, please give me some. 31.因为： because, 常是对 why 的回答，语气最强。since, 位置： Since ， . Since it s already late, I must go now.for, 位置： ，for .语气
83、最弱。 I drove carefully, for it s snowing.as 有时也指 “ 因为 ” ，用法基本无限制。32.表推测： must, may, might, can, could, cantmust “ 一定 ” ，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。There is the door bell, it must be Tom. may / might“也许 ” 一般用于肯定句，may 比 might 可能性大。She is coming to us. She might be our new teacher. can / could“可能 ”could 比 can 语气更委婉。但
84、can 多用于否定。You could be right, but I don t think you are.The light in the office is off. The teacher can t be there now.33.so 与 such 区别： so 是副词，后跟形容词/副词， so tall/slowlysuch 是形容词，后跟名词短语。such bad weather / good news;such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone;such kind boys / new desks
85、/ friendly people / amazing movies;若名词前形容词是many, much, few, little 时，不用such, 而用 so. so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 21 页也常有 “so / such that ”句型，译为 “ 如此 以致于 ” 。34.so 的另两个用法：1so + be/情态动词 /助动词 +主语， “ 也”上下文所指不是同一个人或物。The twin
86、s are working, so am I. I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter. 以及对话形式：A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I. 2so + 主语+ be/情态动词 /助动词， “ 的确 是” 上下文所指是同一个人或物。A: We have lunch at school. B: So you do. 又如： A: Bruce can work out the problem. B: So he can. 35.neither/nor 用法之一： neither/nor+ be/情态动词
87、 /助动词 +主语“ 也不 ” 上文是否定句。She didnt get well, nor did her brother. 或对话形式：A: Jim hasn t had breakfast. B: Neither have I.36.keep, make, get,have 用法：1keep + sb/sth doing sth “让一直做 ” I m sorry for keeping you waiting so long. keep + doing sth “坚持做某事 ”2make + sb/sth do sth 让 做某事 I ll try to m ake you under
88、stand what I mean. I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long. 3get + sb/sth to do sth.让 做某事。 He got Peter to buy him a pen. 4have + 宾语 + 动词原形/ing /过去分词Have him do it, please. 让他做它吧。 We had the machine working. 我们让那台机器一直工作着。We had the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让那台机器被修理了）。5也都可接形容词：keep safe/b
89、usy, keep the door closed/open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready. 37.used 短语： used to + 动原， “ 过去常常 ” He used to smoke.be used to 译为 “ 被用来 ” ，后接动原。 It is used to cut things. be used to 译为 “ 习惯于 ” ，后接动词ing 或名词 /代词 . 如： He s used to working late. / We are all used to following
90、others.be used for + 目的（名词或动词ing）如：English is used for business./Knives are used for cutting things. 38. through/past/across: 都可作介词， “ 穿过 ” 前常有位移动词。He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. He went past me without saying any words. He swam across the river. 【through,内部 ; past,旁边
91、 ; across,表面。 】位移动词 + past 相当于动词pass; 位移动词 +across相当于 cross. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 21 页39.the number of / a number of: 前者 “ 的数量 ” ；后者 “ 许多的 ”都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语， 谓语用单数； 后者作主语， 谓语用复数。 The number of the trees is two thousand. 用单数 is. A number of trees have been cut down. 用复数
92、 have. 40.延续性动词： How long ，since， for，(以上见 84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。How long may I keep this novel? I ve lived here since 2002.Let s wait until he comes back. 但否定句中可用短暂性动词：I haven t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither: 1All boys/All of the boys are from China. all 接
93、可数复数，谓语也用复数。All of the water is polluted. 若接不可数，谓语用单数。2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag. each接名词单数或接of + 限定词 +复数，后谓语都用单数。3Both of the twins are clever. 后面谓语用复数。4None of the students has/have been there before. none +of + 限定词 +复数 , 谓语用单、复数都可。另见88 5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?
94、 -Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 谓语用单数。6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? -Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 谓语用单数。all/each/none 分别指三者或更多中的“ 都” / “每一个 ” / “没有一个 ” 。both/either/neither 两者中 “ 都” / “任何一个
95、 ” / “没有一个 ”42.计量表达法：数量+单位 +形容词。The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide. The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old. 若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。They dug an eight-meter-deep hole. /. I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish. It s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice. /
96、They built a 50-meter-wide street. It s a two-month holiday. ( 此处计量中的形容词long 可省略。 ) 43. Must I / May I / Need I ? 用法： 1Must I ?我必须 吗？A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn t.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 21 页2May I ? 我可以 吗？ A: May I go out for a walk now
97、? B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn t/can t.3Need I ? 我有必要 吗？A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn t.44.hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具体数字，不加s 及 of. 否则加 s, 加 of. 如： thousands of trees; many millions of people. nine hundred people, ten thousand students 等。但前若有several,后常不加s
98、 和 of：several million pounds 45.反意疑问句 (QT) 部分用法 :1something, nothing, anything, everything作主语， QT 主语用 it. Something is wrong, isn t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it?2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can t she? I don t think he will come here on time, will he?QT 要结合 think 后的从句而定。3祈使句的QT 一般用 wil
99、l you? 而 Let s 用 shall we? Get up now, will you? Don t be noisy, will you?Be quiet, will you? Please don t talk, will you?Let us do it now, will you? Let s do it now, shall we? 4There be 句型， QT 主语用 there. There is a man working in the field, isn tthere?There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn tthe
100、re?There won t be a movie in the theatre, willthere?46.put on, wear, dress, in: 1put on,“穿上 ” 后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。You should put on your coat when you leave. 2wear, “穿，穿着 ” 后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. /I like wearing beautiful clothes. 3dress, “给穿衣 ” 后接人。 You can dress you
101、rself, baby. Lucy is dressing her little brother now. be dressed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物。The lady is dressed in a white skirt / white. 可直接加表颜色的词。4in, “穿着 ” 后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。The woman in a white skirt is my teacher. Do you know the girl in a red coat? I ve seen the boy in yellow.47.虚拟语气部分用法： 在非真
102、实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即 if 从句中用一般过去时，而主句动词用would/should+动词原形，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。（注意：虚拟语气中的 be 动词都要用were.）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 21 页If there were no air, people would die. ( 与现在事实相反) If I got rich, I would travel around the world. (可能性很小 ) 48.other/others/the ot
103、her/the others/another: 1如果不特定指出哪一个，是泛指，“ 另一个 ” 要用 another, 后加可数名词单数。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea. （没特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup 是单数。）another 也可 +数字 +可数复数： The meeting will last another two hours. / We need another six desks. 2如果只有两个或只有两部分，就给出了范围，其中另一个或另一部分是特指(other 前有 the.)，有如下用法：
104、第一种，所说内容只有两个：Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science. 【只有两个， 用 the other, 不加 s, 后面名词可省略。 】 又如： This pair of shoes is strange. One is blue, yet the other is green. 这双鞋子很怪，一只蓝色，而另一只绿色。第二种，只有两部分： 此种情况下the other 后接可数名词复数， 或不接名词而只在the other 后加 s. Two f
105、ifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls. Two children went, but the others stayed. （其他孩子都留下了。 ）3如果没有显示出只有两部分，未给出范围，则是泛指，不加the. Lei Feng liked helping other people / others. Have you any other questions? Alice didn t like that dress, so she ask
106、ed to see some others.4other 的另一用法：用比较级的形式，体现最高级的含义。He is taller than any other boy in his class. ( 划线中 boy 用单数 ) = He is taller than all the other boys in his class. ( 划线中 boy 用复数 ) 他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。49.how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是对长度或时间段提问。How long is the river? - It s 5,0
107、00 kilometers long. How long have you lived there? -For five months. / Since 2002. 2how often 是对频率提问，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day 等。How often do you watch TV? -Every two days. / Twice a week. 【若只有次数，则用how many times 提问：How many t
108、imes do you watch TV a week? -Twice. / only once.】3how soon 是对 “in + 时间段 ” 提问：How soon will you return to Beijing? -In a week./ In two days. 4how far 是对时间段 s + walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 21 页-How far is it from your home to the school? -Five minutes
109、walk. /An hour s ride. /Thirteen minutes drive.或者说： It s about 20 kilometers (far) away. （问和回答不同。 ）50.分数表达：二分之一: half a/an 或 a half. 如：half an hour= a half hour 半小时It s half past seven.(省略冠词 ) 以下情况中，分子(基数词 )若超过一，分母(序数词 )需加 s：三分之一 : a /one third 三分之二 : two thirds 四分之一 : a/one fourth 或 a/one quarter 四
110、分之三 : three fourths 或 three quarters. 五分之一 : a/one fifth 五分之二 : two fifths 其它类推。若分数所在of 短语作主语，谓语依of 后的名词而定：Two fifths of the students are on time. ( 指名词复数时，谓用复) Two fifths of the land is polluted. （指不可数时，谓用单）51.到达： 1get to + 地点get to Shanghai/London/China 接地点副词时，不带to. get there/home/here. 2arrive in
111、+ 大地点 (Beijing/Zhengzhou) ，arrive at+ 小地点 (school/hospital) ， arrive 只作不及物动词。所以也可单独用： Please ring me up when you arrive. reach 只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing/England 但常不说reach home/there/here. 52.感叹句： What + 名词短语 +主语 +谓语！What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work! What good news! What a good idea! What
112、bad weather (it is)! What a pity! How + 形容词/ 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are! How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is! 53.because/ instead / out 等与加 of 的区别：1because 后接句子， because of 接名词或代词。He didn t come because he was ill. / because of his illn
113、ess. 2instead 是副词，单独在句尾。instead of 还要接名词或代词。We didn t have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it.3out 副词，可单独用，但若接地点，先加of. （也可作介词，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 21 页“ 向外” ，可不加 of. 一般不要求掌握。) He went out early. 或 He went out of the house early. 54.too much, too many 与 muc
114、h too: much too “过于 ” ，加形容词或副词原级。much too big/slowly等。too much “太多的 ” ，加不可数名词。too much work/rain 等。too many “太多的 ” ，加可数复数。too many books/people 等。55. alone / lonely: 1alone,“独自一人；单独” 不含感情色彩。可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jack is alone. 杰克是单身。The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老妇一个人在屋里。可当副词，修饰动词：She lives alon
115、e. 她独居。Can you move the stone alone? 你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗？Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克独自在海滩漫步。（注意：不可说very alone. 但可说 very much alone. 是特例）2lonely, “孤独的；寂寞的” 带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。可在系动词后作表语：The old man is lonely. 这位老人是孤独的。He has many relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多亲戚，但感到孤独。（lonely 和心理感受有关，而alone 和心理感受无
116、关。）也可在名词前作定语：a lonely person 一位孤独的人a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄（alone 不可作定语）56.belong to 与 be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother. ( 人 ) This suit is mine / Lucy s /my brother s /hers. （某物是某人的）57.by 常见用法： 1“ 通过 ”I study English by memorizing grammar. You can know it by looking it up in a dictiona
117、ry. He travels by bike. 2“ 截止到 ”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?The train had left by the time he got there. 3“ 被” This novel was written by Lu Xun.4“ 经过 ” He passed by me without noticing me.5“ 在 旁边 ” Sit by me. They are playing by the river.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 21 页
