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1、中考英语语法第20讲课件祈使句感叹句反义疑问句it倒装句育英科技王衡老师中考英语四轮复习法Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望五种特殊句型五种特殊句型祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句It(形式主语、形式宾语、强调句)形式主语、形式宾语、强调句)倒装句倒装句反义疑问句反义疑问句祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如:Makesentencesafterthemodel.根据例句造句。2.Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如
2、:Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时要小心。3.Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如:Lethimgobacknow.让他现在回去吧。祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never,一般分为以下三种类型:1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont,构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如:Dontsaythatagain!别再那样说了!2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont,构成Dontbe其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Dontbecareless.不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.
3、在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事。例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反,即Yes是不的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。-Dontgoout,please.Itsrainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。-Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotheratt
4、heairport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“!”通常用感叹号。例:Whatacleverboyheis!多么聪明的男孩啊!例:Howclevertheboyis!这个男孩多聪明啊!What引导的感叹句!引导的感叹句!what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1. What +a(an) +(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如: What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语
5、! What kind women they are! What nice music it is! How引导的感叹句引导的感叹句由How引导的感叹句。 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs! what与与how引导的感叹句,可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。引导的感叹句,可以相互
6、转换,转换后意义不变。What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is! 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如:在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如: What a nice present!(省略it is) How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语) 前肯后否前肯后否前否后肯前否后肯Jimisdoinghishomework,isnthe?Tom
7、wasntwatchingTVat8yesterday,washe?YouwenttoBeijingyesterday,didnthe?Youknewnothingabouthim,didyou?Thereislittlewaterinthecup,isthere?Thereareafewapplesinthebag,arentthere?反意疑问句的一般情况1.TomisgoodatEnglish,isnthe?2.Mikelikesplayingbasketball,doesnthe?3.Icanplaybasketball,cantI?4.MyfatherhasbeentoBeijing
8、twice,hasnthe?5.This/thatisatable,isntit?(these,those-they)反意疑问句特殊情况1,当陈述部分含有little/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neither/nobody/nothing,none等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。Shehasfewfriends,doesshe?Shehasneverbeenthere,hasshe?Therewasnothinginthebox,wasthere?Noneofusknowsit,dowe?2,当陈述部分否定意义的词如:unhappy,dislike,ca
9、reless等含有否定词缀在派生词时,仍按肯定句对待,疑问部分用否定形式。Helooksunhappytoday,doesnthe?Thegirldislikeshistory,doesntshe?3,陈述部分为Ithink/believe/suppose引导的宾语从句,疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成。Ithinkheisathomeisnthe?IdontbelieveTomcansucceed,canhe?4,当陈述部分是therebe句型时,Therearesomeapples.arentthere?Therewillberobotsinpeopleshomei
10、nthefuture,wontthere?5,省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定形式,并用be的一般现在时。Whatacleverboy,isnthe?Whatbeautifulgirls,arentthey?6,祈使句的反意疑问句Pleaseclosethedoor,wontyou?Dontclosethedoor,willyou?Let开头的祈使句Letsgo,shallwe?Letusgo,willyou?7,陈述部分是Iam.,疑问部分要用arentI.Imastallasyoursister,arentI?8,陈述部分有haveto+v.原(hadto+v.原),疑问部分常用don
11、t+主语(didnt+主语)。Wehavetogetthereateight,dontwe?9,陈述部分若为主从复合句,疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。Shesaidhewouldcometomorrow,didntshe?Hetoldushowtogettothefarm,didnthe?前否后肯的反意疑问句如何回答1.Itisafineday,isntit?Yes,itis.No,itisnt.2.Itisntafineday,isit?Yes(不),itis.No(是的),itisnt.注意:永远不可能出现yes后面跟否定形式或者no后面永远不可能跟肯定形式的情况。It作形式主语作形
12、式主语Itiswas形容词(forofsb)动词不定式短语对于这个句型中究竟用for还是用of,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind,good,nice,clever等则用of。Itisinterestingtoplaywithsnowinwinter冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。Itsimportantforustokeepthewaterclean保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。Itsverykindofyoutosayso你这样
13、说真是太好了。这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词;连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等。Itsagoodhabittogetupearlyandgotobedearly早睡早起是好习惯。Itmustbegreatfuntoflytothemooninaspaceship乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。Itfeelsstrangetohaveatwinsister有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。Itiswas形容词从句Itiscertainthathewillcome他一定会来。Itstruethathemayfallbehindtheotherstudents他真的可能落后于其他同学。Itis
14、strangethatheshouldsayso他居然这么说,真是奇怪。其他it作形式主语1.Itiswasonesturn(duty,pleasure)todosth意为“该轮到某人做某事(做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事)”。如:Itsyourturntobeondutytomorrow明天轮到你值日了。2.Ittakes(sb)sometimetodosth意为“(某人)花时间做某事”。如:Ittookmeaweektofinishreadingthebook我花了一周时间看完这本书。3.Itcostcostssbsomemoneytodosth译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如:Itcostm
15、e260yuantobuythenewwatch我买这块新手表花了260元。4.Itseemsseemed从句。译为“看起来好像”,此结构可以转换成“seem动词不定式”形式。如:ItseemsthatheisillHeseemstobeill看起来他好像病了。It作形式宾语作形式宾语it用作形式宾语的句型为:主语谓语it宾语补足语动词不定式动名词从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。Hefounditnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。Wethinkitnogoodreadinginbed我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。It
16、hinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting我认为开这个会是必要的。常见的倒装句形式1.存在句(therebe/live/stand/lie/seem等)需要全部倒装。如:Thereoncelivedanoldhunterinthehouse.这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。Thereseemstobemanylisteners.似乎有很多听众。2.副词here,there,now,then等置于句首(经常与go,come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。注意注意:如果主语是人
17、称代词则不用倒装。如如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Here they are. 他们在这儿。他们在这儿。3.当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/neither/nor+be/助词/情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经做完作业了。Sohashe.他也做完了。Ihaventseenthatfilm.我没看过那部电影。Neither(Nor)haveI.我也没有。4.notonly.butalso.连接两个并列句,且notonly置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Notonlydidhedi
18、slikethewaywespoke,buthedislikedthewaywedressed.他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。练习题练习题1.Sorry,Joe.Ididntmeanto.Dontcallme“Joe”.ImMr.Parkertoyou,and_youforgetit!A.doB.didntC.didD.dont答案:D。2.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseein
19、gD.haveoftenseen答案:A。祈使句,+andyouwill。祈使句相当于条件状语从句3.Standoverthere,_youllbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.whileC.butD.and答案:祈使句,+andyouwill。祈使句相当于条件状语从句4.Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasntit?Yes._morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Knew答案:A。祈使句,+andyouwil
20、l。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。5.Loseonehourinthemorning,_youwillbelookingforittherestoftheday.A.butB.andC.orD.so答案:B。祈使句,+andyouwill。祈使句相当于条件状语从句6_badtheweatheris!AHowBWhatCWhataDHowa答案:A。7_goodnewsitis!AHowBWhataCHowaDWhat答案:D。8_thesunshineis!AWhatabrightBHowabrightCHowbrightDwhatbright答案:C。9_hewrites.AHowgoodBHo
21、wwellCWhatgoodDWhatwell答案:B。10_LiLeiruns!AWhatfastboyBWhatfastCHowfastDHowafast答案:C。11.Fewofthemhurtthemselvesintheaccidentlastnight,_A.donttheyB.didnttheyC.didtheyD.dothey答案:C。前面有few表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。12.Hissisterhadabadcough,_she?A.wasntB.doesntC.hadntD.didnt答案:D。前肯后否。15.Theladycouldntsayawordwhens
22、hesawthesnake,_?A.couldtheladyB.couldnttheladyC.couldsheD.couldntshe答案:C。16.Tinaisunhappynow,_?A.isntsheB.issheC.isheD.didshe答案:A。有前缀变的否定含义的词前面的句子依然当成肯定句。13.JohncanhardlyunderstandanyChinese,_he?A.CantB.doesntC.canD.does答案:C。前面有hardly表示否定的词,后面的疑问结构用肯定。14.Dontsmokeinthemeeting-room,_?A.doyouB.willyou
23、C.canyouD.couldyou答案:B。前面是祈使句用willyou。17.EverythingwillbeOK,_?A.willitB.wontitC.willtheyD.wontthey解析:B。Everthing做主语,疑问结构中用it。18.HesaidIwashardworking,_?A.didheB.didntheC.wasID.wasntI解析:B。主从复合句用主句变附加疑问句。19.Idontthinkhemadethingsworse,_?A.doIB.dontIC.didheD.didnthe答案:C。由Ithink等引导的从句要看从句来变附加疑问句。20.-You
24、veneverseendinosaureggs,haveyou?-_.HowIwishtovisittheDinosaurWorld.A.Yes,IhaveB.No,IhaventC.Certainly,IhaveD.Ofcourse,Ihavent答案:B。21.Idontthink_difficultforaChinesestudenttomasteraforeignlanguagewithinfiveyears.A.thatB.itC.tooD.very答案:B。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的不定式。22.Itis_ofyoutocheatintheexam.A.dangerousB.d
25、ifficultC.foolishD.kind答案:C。Itis+形容人的形容词+ofsbtodosth。23._isverycleartoeveryonethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.A.ThisB.WhatC.ThatD.It答案:D。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的that从句。24.Wow!YourT-shirtissocool.Ialsowant_.Thanksalot!A.itB.thatC.oneD.this答案:C。It指同类同物,one指同类不同物。25.-Ihearyouvewrittenanothernovel.-Yes._beoutinamo
26、nthortwo.A.ThatcanB.OnemayC.ItshouldD.Theonewill答案:C。It指同类同物。26.Look!_.A.HerethebuscomesB.HereisthebuscomingC.HerecomesthebusD.Herethebusiscoming.答案:C。Here放句首句子全倒装。27.ShedidnotseeSmith._.A.NeitherdidIB.NordidntIC.NeitherIdidD.SodidntI答案:A。28.-Itwashotyesterday.-_.A.ItwassoB.SowasitC.SoitwasD.Soitdid答案:C。Soitwas表示确实如此。29.-Whereisyourbrother?-There_.A.heiscomingB.hecomesC.comesheD.doeshecome答案:B。There放句首句子全倒装主语为人称代词不倒装。30.Afterthatweneversawheragain,nor_fromher.A.didwehearB.weheardC.hasweheardD.wehaveheard答案:A。