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1、摘 要焦化废水具有高CODcr、高氨氮、高酚的特征，属于难降解工业废水。废水含有多种有毒有害物质，未经处理或超标排放会对环境造成巨大的潜在危害。本设计为3000t/d焦化废水的处理工艺设计，综合考虑传统处理方法的利与弊，设计“调节+隔油+气浮+稀释+水解酸化+缺氧+MBR”的处理工艺流程。焦化废水首先进入进水房，通过筛网去除大颗粒的杂物，流入高程布置最低的水质水量调节池，通过调节池中的潜水泵将废水抬升到一定高度，靠重力自流入后续构筑物。隔油池与气浮池的主要作用是去除对生物有抑制作用的油类及SS，但高浓度的氨氮依旧超出生物的耐受极限，所以在进入生化处理系统之前，需要出水回流稀释原水，该过程在稀释
2、调节池中进行。污水在稀释调节池中需停留一段时间，目的是使气浮过后的原水及出水中的氧尽可能释放，以避免破坏水解酸化池的厌氧环境。焦化废水中含有较多的苯类及多环类大分子有机化合物，水解酸化池的设置作用就是将该类大分子有机物分解为小分子。然后废水流入缺氧池，该池是进行反硝化的主要场所。利用内回流而来的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐，反硝化菌以易降解有机物为电子受体将其转化为氮气，完成脱氮过程。MBR池是有机物降解及氨氮硝化的主要场所，采用膜过滤出水保证了出水水质，省去了二沉池、混凝沉淀等处理流程，减少了占地面积。膜易污染受损，因此对膜定期清洗也是设计的重点。污泥处理采用“污泥浓缩池+离心脱水机+泥饼外运”的处理方
3、式，产生的废水自流入调节池重新进行净化处理。焦化废水通过这一处理系统，各项污染指标都可达到GB16171-2012的出水排放标准。另外，MBR池克服了传统活性污泥法曝气池浓度不高、剩余污泥量大、氨氮硝化效率低等缺点，在保证出水达标的前提下，可减小占地面积与土建费用。关键词：焦化废水；氨氮；MBR；膜清洗ABSTRACTCoke plant wastewater is featured with high concentrations of ammonia, phenol and CODcr, and it belongs to the bio-degradable industrial was
4、tewater. Untreated or excessive discharge of coke plant wastewater would cause great harm to the environment, for it contains large amounts of toxic and hazardous substances .In this article , a coke plant wastewater treatment system is designed , which can treat 3000 tons coke plant wastewater ever
5、y day. Considering the pros and cons of the traditional approach, formed a combination of treatment process of “Regulation+ Grease Trap+ Flotation+ Dilution+ Hydrolysis Acidification+ Hypoxia+ Membrane Bioreactor(MBR)”.At first, coke plant wastewater flow into the water room, filtering out large par
6、ticles of debris through a sieve. And then, the wastewater flow into regulation tanks, which are the lowest tank in the treatment process. After that, the wastewater is raised to a certain height which can ensure that it can flow into other tanks from subsequent handling process by itself. The main
7、role of grease traps and flotation tanks is to remove the oils and SS which are inhibitory to microorganism. However, the high concentration of ammonia is still beyond the limits of biological tolerance. So, it is necessary to use treated wastewater dilute the wastewater before entering the biologic
8、al treatment system and the process is performed in the diluted regulation tank. Wastewater need to stay for some time in the diluted regulation tank, for the wastewater after flotation and the cleaned water need to release oxygen as much as possible, in order to avoid the damage of anaerobic enviro
9、nment in hydrolysis acidification tanks. Whats more, Coke plant Wastewater contains a lot of bio-degradable compounds like benzene and polycyclic, and the main role of hydrolytic acidification tanks is to translate the organic macromolecules and refractory organic into smaller organic molecules. The
10、n the wastewater entering the anoxic tanks, which are the main place of denitrification. Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrate and nitrite which come from the backflow to nitrogen, using easily degradable organic as electron acceptors. MBR tanks are the main place of organics degradation and amm
11、onia nitrification. Using membrane filtering wastewater has ensured the quality of treated water, and it also eliminates the need of secondary sedimentation tanks and coagulation and sedimentation and other treatment processes, reducing the occupied area. Besides, Membrane is easily contaminated, so
12、 regular cleaning of membrane is also the focus of this design. Applying “Sludge thickener+ Centrifugal dewatering machine+ Sludge cake outward transport” method to deal with the remaining sludge. The water produced by sludge treatment flows into the regulation tank by itself and it will be cleaned
13、again.All kinds of indicators of coke plant wastewater can meet the emission standards of GB16171-2012 through this process of treatment. In addition, MBR tanks can overcome many shortcomings of conventional activated sludge process ,such as the low sludge concentration in aeration tank 、the large a
14、mount of excess sludge and the low efficiency of ammonia nitrification. Under the premise of meeting all the treated wastewater standards, this wastewater treatment system can reduce occupied areas and construction costs.Keywords: coke plant wastewater; ammonia; MBR; membrane cleaning目 录1绪论11.1焦化废水来
15、源11.2焦化废水特点21.3焦化废水处理技术综述21.3.1物化法21.3.2生化处理法31.3.3化学处理法42 焦化废水处理工艺设计52.1设计任务52.1.1设计处理水量52.1.2设计进水水质52.1.3设计出水指标52.2设计的基本原则52.3工艺选择62.3.1工艺流程的选择原则62.3.2目前采用工艺及不足62.3.3氨氮处理方法比较62.3.4本设计工艺选择72.3.5工艺选择说明72.3.6设计污染物各阶段去除率83 主体构筑物设计计算93.1进水房93.1.1设计说明93.1.2设计计算93.2 水质水量调节池103.2.1 设计说明103.2.2设计参数103.2.3设
16、计计算103.3 隔油池123.3.1 设计说明123.3.2设计参数：123.3.3设计计算：133.4 气浮池163.4.1设计说明163.4.2 设计参数163.4.3设计计算163.5稀释调节池213.5.1 设计说明213.5.2设计参数213.5.3设计计算213.6水解酸化池223.6.1设计说明223.6.2设计参数233.4.3设计计算233.7膜生物反应器（MBR）设计283.7.1 设计说明283.7.2 选择超滤膜293.7.3设计计算303.7.4膜箱布置383.7.5、MBR池体设计403.7.6 出水设计413.7.7膜清洗423.8缺氧池453.8.1 设计说明45
