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1、专才通才类：SampleIssueTopicInourtime,specialistsofallkindsarehighlyover-rated.Weneedmoregeneralistspeoplewhocanprovidebroadperspectives.Inthiseraofrapidsocialandtechnologicalchangeleadingtoincreasinglifecomplexityandpsychologicaldisplacement,bothpositiveandnegativeeffectsamongpersonsinWesternsocietycallf
2、orabalanceinwhichtherearebothspecialistsandgeneralists.Specialistsarenecessaryinordertoallowsocietyasawholetoproperlyandusefullyassimilatethemassesofnewinformationandknowledgethathavecomeoutofresearchandhavebeenwidelydisseminatedthroughmassglobalmedia.AstheheadofPharmacologyatmyuniversityoncesaid(an
3、dIparaphrase):IcanonlyresearchwhatIdobecausetherearesomanywhohavecomebeforemetowhomIcanturnforbasicknowledge.Itisonlybecauseofeachofthenarrowlyfocusedindividualsateachstepthatafullandtrueunderstandingofthecomplexitiesoflifecanbehad.Eachpersoncanonlyholdenoughknowledgetoaddonesmallrungtotheladder,but
4、togetherwecanclimbtothemoon.Thisillustratesthepointthatoursocietieslevelofknowledgeandtechnologyisatastageinwhichtheresimplymustbespecialistsinorderforoursocietytotakeadvantageoftheinformationavailabletous.Simplyput,withoutspecialists,oursocietywouldfinditselfboggeddownintheSargassoseaofinformationo
5、verload.Whileitwasfineforearlyphysiciststolearnandunderstandthefewlawsandideasthatexistedduringtheirtimes,now,nooneindividualcanpossiblydigestandassimilatealloftheknowledgeinanygivenarea.Ontheotherhand,Overspecializationmeansnarrowfociinwhichpeoplecanlosethelargerpicture.Noonecanhopetounderstandtheh
6、umanbodybyonlyinspectingonesowntoe-nails.Whatwelearnfromanarrowfocusmaybeinternallylogicallycoherentbutmaybeirrelevantorfallaciouswithintheframeworkofabroaderperspective.Further,ifweinspectonlyourtoe-nails,wemayconcludethatthewholebodyishardandwhite.Usefulconclusionsandthusperhapsusefulinventionsmus
7、tcomebysharingamongspecialists.Simplythrowingoutvariousdiscoveriesmeanswehaveapileofuselessdiscoveries,itisonlywhenonecanmakewiththemamosaicthatwecanseethattheymayformapicture.Notonlymayover-specializationbedangerousintermsofthetruth,purityandcohesionofknowledge,butitcanalsoservetodrownmoraloruniver
8、salissues.Generalistsandonlygeneralistscanseeabroadenoughpicturetorealizeandintroducetotheworldtheproblemsoftheenvironment.Withspecialization,eachpersonfocusesontheirresearchandtheirgoals.Thus,industrialization,expansion,andnewtechnologiesaredrivenahead.Meanwhilenoindividualcanseetheholisticviewofou
9、rglobalexistenceinwhichtrueadvancementmaymeanstiflingindividualspecialistsforthegreatergoodofall.Finally,over-specializationinapeoplesdailylivesandjobshasmeantpersonalandpsychologicalcompartmentalization.Peopleareforcedintopigeonholesearlyinlife(atleastbyuniversity)andmustconsciouslyattempttoconsume
10、externalformsofstimuliandinformationinordernottobelostintheirsmallandisolateduniverse.Notonlydoesthismakefornarrowlyfocusedandgenerallypoorly-educatedindividuals,butitguaranteesasenseoflossofcommunity,oftenfollowedbyafeelingofpsychologicaldisplacementandpersonaldissatisfaction.Withoutgeneralists,soc
11、ietybecomesinward-lookingandeventuallyinefficient.Withoutasocietythatrecognizestheimportanceofbroad-mindednessandforsharinggeneralities,individualsbecomeisolated.Thus,whileourformofsocietynecessitatesspecialists,generalistsareequallyimportant.Specialistsdriveusforwardinaseriesofthrustswhilegeneralistsmakesurewearestillonthejoustingfieldandknowwhatthestakesare.
