ContentPART 1 Introduction to Materials Science ＆Engineering 1Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering 1Unit 2 Classification of Materials 9Unit 3 Properties of Materials 17Unit 4 Materials Science and Engineering: What does the Future Hold? 25Part Ⅱ METALLIC MATERLALS AND ALLOYS 33Unit 5 An Introduction to Metallic Materials 33Unit 6 Metal Manufacturing Methods 47Unit 7 Structure of Metallic Materials 57Unit 8 Metal-Matrix Composites 68Part Ⅲ Ceramics 81Unit 9 Introduction to Ceramics 81Unit 10 Ceramic Structures — Crystalline and Noncrystalline 88Unit 11 Ceramic Processing Methods 97Unit 12 Advanced ceramic materials – Functional Ceramics 105PARTⅣ NANOMATERIALS 112Unit 13 Introduction to Nanostructured Materials 112Unit14 Preparation of Nanomaterials 117Unit 15 Recent Scientific Advances 126Unit 16 The Future of Nanostructure Science and Technology 130Part Ⅴ POLYMERS 136Unit17 A Brief Review in the Development of Synthetic Polymers 136Unit18 Polymer synthesis: Polyethylene synthesis 146Unit19 Polymer synthesis: Nylon synthesis 154Unit 20 Processing and Properties Polymer Materials 165PART VI POLYMERIC COMPOSITES 172Unit21 Introduction to Polymeric Composite Materials 172Unit22 Composition, Structure and Morphology of Polymeric Composites 178Unit23 Manufacture of Polymer Composites 185Unit24 Epoxy Resin Composites 191Part 7 Biomaterial 196Unit 25 Introduction to Biomaterials 196Unit 26 Biocompatibility 205Unit 27 Polymers as Biomaterials 213Unit 28 Future of Biomaterials 224PARTⅧ Materials and Environment 237Unit29 Environmental Pollution & Control Related Materials 237Unit30 Bio-degradable Polymer Materials 241Unit 31 Environmental Friendly Inorganic Materials 248Unit 32 A Perspective on the Future: Challenges and Opportunities 256附录一 科技英语构词法 263附录二 科技英语语法及翻译简介 269附录三： 聚合物英缩写 、全名 、中文名对照表 280附录四： 练习题参考答案 284 PART 1 Introduction to Materials Science ＆EngineeringUnit 1 Materials Science and EngineeringHistorical PerspectiveMaterials are probably more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, and food production —virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’ ability to produce and manipulate materi- als to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process that involved deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristics. ① It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired over approximately the past 100 years, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized charac- teristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society; these include metals, plastics, glasses, and fibers。