2023年 一．The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea silly. They are fluids. The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density. 26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intends B. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore 30． A. in the event of B. in the case of C. with a view to D. with reference to 31. A. having described B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct 34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental 35. A. Suppose B. To suppose C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead 38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which 39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to 40. A. classified B. recognized C. categorized D. Distinguished短文大意：这篇文章介绍了气体与液体的特性及相关理论。
26．答案：B 【试题分析】本题考核对固定搭配的掌握 【具体解答】under与condition搭配，表达“在……条件或状况下”；on与 condition搭配，表达“在……条件下”；in与condition构成习惯短语，表达“身体状况良好”，而be out of condition”则表达“身体状况不好” 这里是说“在地球表面通常的温度和压强条件下……”，故选项B为对的答案 27．答案：A 【试题分析】本题为语法题，考核对句子结构的理解 【具体解答】由于所填词前有and这一并列连词，这里缺少一个谓语与前面的“can be”并列谓语动词fill意思是“使……充满”，具有使动意义，其后直接跟宾语，故选项A是对的答案 28．答案：B 【试题分析】本题为动词词义辨析题 【具体解答】 intend意为“打算，意图”，主语通常是人；tend意为“有……倾向”，后接不定式，主语可以是人也可以是物；incline意为“使(某人)倾向于，使(某人)故意思(做某事)”，常用于被动语态be inclined to；contend意为“争夺；争辩”这里是说“但（气体）往往会扩散到任何也许的空间”，故选项B为对的答案。
29．答案：D 【试题分析】本题为语法题，考察连词的用法 【具体解答】however表转折意为“然而”；nevertheless也表转折，意为“然而”；so表结果，但常放于句首; therefore表结果，意为“因此，所以”这里是说气体容易扩散，所以必须保存在密闭的容器里因此此处需要一个表结果关系的连词，故选项D为对的答案 30．答案：B 【试题分析】本题考核对固定搭配的掌握 【具体解答】in the event of表达“假如发生……，万一……”；in the case of表达“在……的情况下，就……而言”; with a view of或者with a view to，意思是“以……为目的；为……起见”；with reference to意思是“关于”根据上下文，这里是说“必须将气体存放在一个密封的容器里，如同一颗行星的大气同样 故选项B为对的答案 31．答案：C 【试题分析】本题为语法题，考核对非谓语动词的掌握 【具体解答】本句中的describe的逻辑主语为theories，故应用现在分词同时，describe这一动作只说明一种事实，并不与其他动词作时间上的先后比较，不必用完毕式。
故选项C为对的答案 32．答案：A 【试题分析】本题为短语词义与用法辨析题 【具体解答】consist of一般用积极式; be made from一般指某种产品由某种材料制成(但从外表上看不出原材料); be made up of表达“由……组成”根据上下文理解，此处规定填一“由……组成”的短语，故选项C为对的答案 33．答案：C 【试题分析】本题考核对固定搭配的掌握 【具体解答】apply意为“应用”；adapt意为“使适应”；conduct意为“指导；解决”，均不能与approach搭配take approach为固定搭配，意思是“采用……方法”，符合句意 34．答案：D 【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题 【具体解答】 elementary意为“初步的，基本的”，指事物处在基础的或开始的阶段；crucial意为“极紧要的，决定性的”；rudimentary意为“基本的，初步的”；fundamental意为“基础的，十分重要的”文中说“液体与气体之间的主线相似性在温度和压强有所提高时变得十分明显故选项D最合题意 35．答案：A 【试题分析】本题为语法题，考察动词的特殊用法。
【具体解答】suppose后常接一个省略了that的宾语从句，表达“假定，假设……”，用来展开说明 36．答案：C 【试题分析】本题考察关联词的用法 【具体解答】in a word表达对上文的总结；in the mean time表达“同时”；in that case表达“在那种情况下”；in other words意为“换句话说”上文的“expands”和后文“becomes less dense”的意思一致，后一句是为了解释说明前一句，故用in other words 37．答案：B 【试题分析】本题考察语篇分析能力 【具体解答】 similarly意为“同样的”；furthermore意为“并且”，表达更进一步的关系；instead意为“相反，反而”，表对比关系，一般针对相同人、事情或行为上文说当加热的时候，液体蒸发变得稀薄，而下文说气体由于蒸汽分子的加入而变得稠密，因此两句之间存在明显对比关系，只有in contrast最合题意 38．答案：D 【试题分析】本题考察关系词的用法 【具体解答】本句子意为“使液体和气体密度相同的那个状态下的温度和压力被称作临界点。
句中的“temperature and pressure”是先行词，需要一个关系词引导一个定语从句修饰先行词特定数值的temperature和pressure与at搭配意为“在某个温度和压力下”由于that引导定语从句时前面不能有介词，所以对的答案是D 39．答案：C 【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题 【具体解答】known的常用结构是be known to be或be known as；defined 常用结构是be defin。