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1、sight(超出视线之外),outofonesreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流cognizedbypeople、(一个主语就够了)(三)Itissaidthat+从句及其她类似句etoD、donotkeep;havetoThefifthgenerationputers,with动词不定式得被动形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired)、这高一英语必修三语法复习被动语态二、 重难点讲解:高一英语必修三中得主要语法点有:被动语态,动词不定式与定语从句,另外还涉及了主谓一 致、间接引语及连接词得用法。被动语态专题复习(一)被动语态得构成形式1
2、、 被动语态得基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态得被动形式,被动语态由 be过去分词构成,be 随时态得变化 而变化。以 do 为例,各种时态得被动语态形式为:(1)am/is/are +done ( 过去分词) 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits 、(2)has /have been done 现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been pleted, and we re ready to start、(3)am/is /are being done 现在进行
3、时 例 A new cinema is being built here 、(4)was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer 、(5)had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been pleted in Beijing 、(6)was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was ther
4、e 、(7)shall/will be done 一般将来时例 Hundreds ofjobs will be lost if the factory closes 、(8)should/would be done 过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldier s mother as soon as it arrived 、 (9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例 The project will have been pleted before July 、(10)should/would have been
5、done 过去将来完成时(少用)例 He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon 、2、 被动语态得特殊结构形式(1)带情态动词得被动结构。其形式为:情态动词be过去分词。 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter 、(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中得一个宾语变为主 语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语得就是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for his bir
6、thday 、 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday 、(3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中得主语, 其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette 、 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette、(4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面 不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式
7、 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 、 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building、过去分词。例ThebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitteadC、readingD、beingreadThesquirrelwasluckythatitjus。常见得有:onsale(出售),onshow(展出),ontrial(受审)。例Todaysomesight(超出视线之外),outofonesreac
8、h(够不着),outoffashion(不流(5)有些相当于及物动词得动词词组,如“动词介词”, “动词副词”等,也可以用于被 动结构,但要把它们瞧作一个整体,不能分开。其中得介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday 、3、 非谓语动词得被动语态v、+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态)。例 I don t like being laughed at in the public 、(二)如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态得各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动 语态。1、 讲话
9、者不知道动作得执行者或不必说出动作得执行者(这时可省 by 短语)。 例 My bike was stolen last night 、2、 借助被动得动作突出动作得执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer 、3、 为了更好地安排句子。例 The wellknown person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people 、 (一个主语就够了)(三)It is said that+从句及其她类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相
10、信”得动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等 可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that 从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth、”。有:It is said that 据说,It is reported that 据报道,It is believed that 大家相信,It is hoped that大家希望,It is well known that众所周知,It is thought that大家认为,It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy h
11、as passed the national exam 、(The boy is said to have passed the national exam 、 )(四)谓语动词得主动形式表示被动意义1、 英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash 等,当它们被用 作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常就是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well 、注意:主动语态表被动强调得就是主语得特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成得影响。 试比较:The door
12、won t lock、 (指门本身有毛病)The door won t be locked、 (指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”就是人得原因)2、 表示“发生、进行”得不及物动词与短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, e out, e about, e true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers e out? 这些报纸就是如何引出来得呢？3、 系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官得系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel
13、 等在 主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable 、(五)非谓语动词得主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式得主动形式表被动意义 。1、 在 need,want,require, hear 等词得后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于 动词不定式得被动形式。例 The house needs repairing(to be repaired) 、这房子需要修理。2、 形容词worth 后面跟动名词得主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy可以用于被动结构,但要把它们瞧作一个整体,不能分开。其中得介词
14、或副词也不能省略。例Themeetinfactorycloses、(8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswondburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheea据报道,Itisbelievedthat大家相信,Itishopedthat大家希望,Itisw后面跟动词不定式得被动形式。例 The picturebook is well worth reading 、(The picturebook is very worthy to be read 、)3、 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时,又
15、与句中另一名词或 代词构成主谓关系, 不定式得主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon 、(to do 与 things 就是动宾关系,与 I 就是主谓 关系。 )试比较:Ill go to the post office 、 Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式得被 动语态作定语表明 you 不就是 post 动作得执行者。 )4、 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语得结构中,句子得主语或宾语又就是 动词不定式得逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式得主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out 、(可瞧作 to work out 省略了 for me) 、5、 在 too to结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 例 This book is too expensive (for me)to buy 、6、 在 there be句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式
