完形填空-为题目类型Its not difficult to set targets for staff.lt is much harder,Bl,to understand theirnegative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.B2one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and youll B3see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are theycarefully inspected?Never.Do people get on without paying?Of course!Are there inspectorsto B4 that people have paid?Possibly,but very few.And people who run for thebus?They are B 5 .H o w about jumping lights?Buses do so almost as frequently ascyclists.Why?Because the target is B6.People complained that buses were lateand infrequent.B7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and driverswere B8 or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit thesetargets.But they B9 hit cyclists.lf the target was changed to BIO,youwould have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more Bll drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteriawould be at the expense of time.There is another B12 :people becameimmensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you B 1 3 t h a t you can leave on a flightan hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwinds?Of course not!Airlines have simply changedthe time a B14 is meant to take.A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hourflight.The B 1 5 o f the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional,with multiplecriteria.Choose one criterion and you may well B 1 6 o th e rs.E ve ryth in g can be donefaster and made cheaper,but there is a B17.Setting targets can and does haveunforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting.But it isan argument for exploring consequences first.Al I good targets should have multiple criteriaB18 critical factors such as time,money,quality and customer feedback.The trickis not only to B19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective,but also tounderstand how to help people better B20 the objective.1.Bl(A)therefore(B)again(C)moreover(D)however2.B2(A)Identify(B)Assess(C)Emphasize(D)Explain3.B3(A)curiously(B)quickly(C)eagerly(D)nearly4.B4(A)check(B)prove(C)recall(D)claim5.B5(A)threatened(B)mocked(C)ignored(D)blamed6.B6(A)hospitality(B)competition(C)punctuality(D)innovation7.B7(A)Yet(B)Besides(C)Still(D)So8.B8(A)rewarded(B)trained(C)grouped(D)hired9.B9(A)rather(B)also(C)once(D)only10.BIO(A)comfort(B)efficiency(C)security(D)revenue11.Bll(A)cautious(B)quiet(C)diligent(D)friendly12.B12(A)purpose(B)prejudice(C)policy(D)problem13.B13(A)revealed(B)noticed(C)admitted(D)reported14.B14(A)break(B)departure(C)transfer(D)trip15.B15(A)moral(B)background(C)style(D)form16.B16(A)sacrifice(B)criticize(C)tolerate(D)interpret17.B17(A)secret(B)cost(C)product(D)task18.B18(A)relating to(B)calling for(C)accounting for(D)leading to19.B19(A)predict(B)restore(C)specify(D)create20.B20(A)review(B)achieve(C)present(D)modify阅读理解-为题目类型Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we planto have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we aremoving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirementsof the jobs that remain.Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42percent of the core skills within job roles will change by 2O22.That is a very short timeline,so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of whoshould pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is always tolet go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whoseskills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of acompany that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hirestrategy,ultimately retraining 18,000 employees.Prepandemic,other companies includingAmazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skills mismatch isin the broader economy though,the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us a situationwhere we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regionswhere unemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.InFebruary,at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada andthe United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere.As ofMay,those rates had spiked up to 13.3 percent and 13.7 percent,and although many workershortages had disappeared,not all had done so.ln the medical field,to take an obviousexample,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors,nurses andother medical personnel.Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter andtrain him to be a doctor in few weeks,no matter who pays for it.But even if you cannot closethat gap,maybe you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefi。