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英语重点词汇used to的用法详解

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英语重点词汇used to的用法详解1. 基本用法特点  used to的意思是“过去经常”,其中的to是不定式符号,不是介词,所以其后接动词原形(不接动名词)如:  He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎  I used to write poetry when I was young.我年轻时常常写诗  "Do you play golf?" "No, but I used to." “你打高尔夫球吗?”“不打,但我过去打  2. 如何构成否定式和疑问式  used to作为情态动词,可直接在used后加not构成否定式,直接将used置于句首构成疑问式,但与一般的情态动词不同的,它也可像普通动词那样借助助动词did构成否定式和疑问式如:  He usedn’t [didn’t use] to come. 他过去不常来  You used to go there, usedn’t [didn’t] you? 你过去常到那儿去,是吗?  Where did you use to live? 你过去是住哪儿的? (from )  【注】在现代英语中,used to的否定式和疑问式通常借助助动词did构成(特别是在口语和非正式文体中),而直接将used作为助动词用通常被认为是非常正统或过时的用法。

然而有趣的是,有时还可见到以下这种混合形式如:  Did you used to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗?  They didn’t used to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿  3. used to与副词连用时的位置  与often, always, never等副词连用时,通常置于副词之后,也可置于副词之前如:  I always used [used always] to be afraid of dogs. 我过去老是怕狗  He often used [used often] to sit outside the door of his house. 他过去常坐他家门口  注意,它通常不与具体的一般不能与表示次数(如twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如three months, five years等)的词连用如:  正:I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎3次  误:I used to go to Paris three times.  正:He lived in the country for three years. 他在乡下住过3年。

  误:He used to live in the country for three years.  4. used to 与 be used to的用法比较  (1) used to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,后接动词原形如:  He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎  (2) be used to 意为“习惯于”,其中的to是介词,后接动词要用动名词如:  He is used to living in the country. 他已习惯于住在乡下from )  【注】① 若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be如:  He has got used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己  ② be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)如:  A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的  5. used to 与would的用法比较  (1) 两者都表示过去的习惯,当表示过去习惯性的动作时,可互换。

如:  When we were children we would [used to] go skating every winter. 我们小时候,每年冬天都去溜冰  (2) 若表示过去持续的状态,通常只用used to,不用would如:  He used to like you. 他原来还是喜欢你的  He is not what he used to be. 他已不是从前的他了  (3) 若要强调过去与现在的对比,也通常只用used to如:  I don’t smoke these days, but I used to. 我现在不抽烟,但我以前是抽的  I used to drive to work but now I cycle. 过去我常驾车上班,但我现在骑自行车一、长难句的常见形式1.复合句这些句子往往较长,一个从句套着另一个从句,环环相扣,使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构其实,不管句子有多长、多复杂,它只由两部分构成,即主干和修饰成分主干是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构(如:I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。

而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用,它既可以是单词,也可以是短语,更常见的则是从句,尤其是定语从句和状语从句一般来说,复合句中的从句都是很常见的,考生比较熟悉的,但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系,这样会导致整个句子分析混乱这时,考生应通过仔细分析,将每个修饰成分划出来,找出句子的主干,这样整个句子结构就清晰了[例1] What Winter knows of the 19yearold who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植).[分析] 此句的主语为“What Winter knows of the 19yearold who saved his life”,是一个主语从句,其中主语从句里面又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句;is为主干句的系动词,后面的that引导两个并列的表语从句。

[名师指津] 分析长难句时找出主干句的谓语是至关重要的一步[例2] Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (发酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.[分析] 此句的主语为Pasteur,谓语是discovered,第一个that引导的是宾语从句在宾语从句中after引导状语从句,第二个that引导定语从句第三个that引导同位语从句[名师指津] that在长难句里面用得非常多,所以正确理解that引导的不同从句非常重要2.分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息,更主要的是为了平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,使语意严密,结构紧凑,可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来,这就是所谓的分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。

此外,还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置,也可以看作是插入现象,只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整,没有新增信息[例3] The idea of returning to the basics in the classroom — a notion (概念,观点) which, incidentally (顺便说一下), has been quietly supported for years by many respected teachers — is finally gaining some currency (流行) with school administrators (管理者).[分析] 两个破折号中间的内容是对前面的补充说明[名师指津] 分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分,它们打断了原来的行文逻辑,插入补充了一些额外的信息3.成分省略在英语句子中,用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则省略主要是为了避免重复,突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接成分省略一般和从句相结合,一正一反,使句子富于变化,增强表现力例如在以than, as引导的比较状语从句中,一些成分往往被省略,而这会给理解带来一定的影响,而且这类句子出现频率较高,考生需要熟记。

[例4] I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants.[分析] and后省略了重复成分look forward,读题时应将被省去的部分补全理解[名师指津] 补充完整省略成分,才能正确理解语境4.改变语序改变语序主要针对倒装句式这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法,或是为了强调句子表达的重心,或是强调一种表达语气,如虚拟语气、否定语气等这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关,有明显的标志[例5] The professor marched into the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar (罐子) filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to guess how many beans the jar contained.[分析] 此句正常语序为: ...placed a large jar filled with dried beans upon his desk ...[名师指津] 还原为正常语序是理解语境的关键所在。

二、长难句的突破策略1.结构分析法所谓结构分析法,就是通过语法分析,迅速弄清句子的结构,把握住句子的基本框架基本步骤是:首先,判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后,找出句子的核心成分,分清主语和谓语,再分清句子的附属成分方法一:较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语,即找主干成分较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现,所以应引起同学们的足够重视①However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.[分析] 此句的主语为“many scientists”,主语后跟一个由who引导的定语从句主句有两个谓语,即are doubtful和say, say后面又接了一个宾语从句②Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize i。

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