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1、 目录2012年沈阳师范大学外国语学院850语言学考研真题2013年沈阳师范大学外国语学院851语言学考研真题2014年沈阳师范大学外国语学院849语言学考研真题 2012年沈阳师范大学外国语学院850语言学考研真题科目代码：850科目名称：语言学I.解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）1aphasia2IC analysis3productivity (as a property of language)4locutionary act5phonemeII.简单回答下列问题（共5题，每题8分，合计40分）1What is meant by “arbitrariness” accord
2、ing to Saussure?2Is there a general trend in language change?3What are the crucial features of diglossia in the narrow sense of the term?4Why is spoken language primary and writing secondary?5Explain sentence meaning and utterance meaning.III.用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题10分，合计40分）1Study the follow note. Name
3、 at least 4 ways Tom uses for showingpoliteness.Dear Professor Wang,Im writing to apologize for my failure to turn up for our appointmentyesterday. One of my best friends came to see me. We havent seen each other for more than 5 years. Please pardon me. I wonder if it is possible tohave another appo
4、intment sometime this weekend. Thank you.Yours truly,Tom2How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, usingsemantic features?a. The television drank my water.b. His dog writes poetry.3We can use the pattern “it is” (the cleft construction) to emphasize anypart of a sentence except
5、the predicate. What can we do if we must emphasizeit? Please emphasize every possible part of the following sentence:I saw an ambulance before the building yesterday.4Think of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle proposed by P.Grice. Explain the violation of maxims in the cases below and poi
6、nt out theirpossible implicature.(1) A: Could you define the term gynecology?B: Well, gynecology is gynecology. Thats it.(2) A: I like this popular song so much. How about you?B: I often hear classical music.(3) A: Lets dine out with the kids this weekend.B: Okay, but not M-c-D-o-n-a-l-d-s.A: London
7、s the capital of the United States.B: Yes, Beijings the capital of Japan. IV.回答下列问题（共2题，每题25分，合计50分）1Saussure puts forwards the concept of langue and parole, and Chomskyputs forward the concept of competence and performance. Please explain thedifferences and similarities, if any, of the two pairs: l
8、angue and parole petence and performance.2Make a comment on the following statement based on your ownexperience:There exists a close relationship between language and culture. In otherwords, a successful master of a given language has much to do with anunderstanding of that culture. 2013年沈阳师范大学外国语学院
9、851语言学考研真题科目代码：851科目名称：语言学I.解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）1Minimal pairs2Cultural transmission3Cooperative Principle4Diglossia5Move-II.简单回答下列问题（共5题，每题8分，合计40分）1What are the well-known theories about the origin of language?2What are the criteria of a compound word?3What is speech act theory?4What is speech c
10、ommunity?5What is the difference between stabilization and fossilization?III.用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题10分，合计40分）1Tell the sense relation between A and B in each of the first four pairs, andthe one in the last sentence:A. She got a tulip.B. She got a flower. A. You havent returned the book to me.B. You rec
11、eived a book from me.A. The boy chased the dog.B. The dog was chased by the boy.A. Mark is a bachelor.B. Mark is married.The blackboard has a bad temper.2Identify the bound morphemes in the following words:the teachers booksits snowing heavilythe shortened stickthe smallest monkey jumped over the mo
12、onto walk carelessly3How would you describe the short exchange in terms of indirect speechact?Motorist: My car needs a new exhaust system.Mechanic: Ill be busy with the other car all day.4Comment briefly on the British linguist Palmers argument that “there isno absolute distinction between gradable
13、antonyms and complementaryantonyms. We can treat male/female, married/single, alive/dead as gradableantonyms on occasions. Someone can be very male or more married andcertainly more dead than alive.” IV.回答下列问题（共2题，每题25分，合计50分）1What is the difference between the western notion of face and the Chinese
14、notion of face?2Try to understand the following two paragraphs, and describe andcomment what two contrasting approaches or perspectives of languagestudies each of the quotes represents.a) A human language is a system of remarkable complexity. To come toknow a human language would be an extraordinary
15、 intellectual achievementfor a creature not specifically designed to accomplish this task. A normalchild acquires this knowledge on relatively slight exposure and withoutspecific training. Thus language is a mirror of mind in a deep and significantsense. It is a product of human intelligence, created anew in each individualby operations that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness.(Chomsky)b) It is fairly obvious that language is used to serve a variety of diffe
