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1、-2018年考研英语一真题后附答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following te*t. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friend
2、ships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _(3)._(4), why do we trust at all Well, because it feels good. _(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release o*ytocin, a hormone that _(6) pleasurable feelings and trigger
3、s the herding instruct thatleads sheep to flock together for safety andprompts humans to _(7) with one another.SwissScientists have found that e*posure _(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _(9): In a study, researchers sprayed o*ytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were read
4、y to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _(10) who inhaled something else._(11) for us, we also have a si*th sense for dishonesty that may _(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _(13) a credible person and a dishones
5、t one. Si*ty toddlers were each _(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, Whats in here before looking into the container, smiling, and e*claiming, Wow! Each subject was then invited to look _ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _ (16)the container was em
6、pty-and realized the tester had _(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the _(20)tester participated in a fo
7、llow-up activity.1. Aon Blike Cfor Dfrom2. Afaith Bconcern Cattention Dinterest3. Abenefit Bdebt Chope Dprice4. ATherefore BThen CInstead DAgain5. AUntil BUnless CAlthoughDWhen6. Aselects Bproduces Capplies Dmaintains7. Aconsult Bcompete Cconnect Dcompare8. Aat Bby CofDto9. Aconte*t Bmood Cperiod Dc
8、ircle10. Acounterparts Bsubstitutes Ccolleagues Dsupporters11. AFunny BLucky COdd DIronic12. Amonitor Bprotect Csurprise Ddelight13. Abetween Bwithin Ctoward Dover14. Atransferred Badded Cintroduced Dentrusted15. Aout Bback Caround Dinside16. Adiscovered Bproved Cinsisted Dremembered17. Abetrayed Bw
9、ronged Cfooled Dmocked18. Aforced Bwilling Chesitant Dentitled19. AIn contrast BAs a result COn the whole DFor instance20. Ainfle*ible Bincapable Cunreliable DunsuitableSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four te*ts. Answer the questions below each te*t by choosing A, B,
10、 C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.40 pointsTe*t 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the ne*t presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobsDont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. j
11、obs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of O*ford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering have aroused t
12、heir interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventu
13、ally raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first s
14、tep, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and comple* communication. Vocational schools should do a b
15、etter job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make e*tra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transit
