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1、Unit 2 What is happiness to you?Grammar and usage学案第一部分：重点讲解过去时态谈论过去的状况或动作一般用过去时态。过去时态包括一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时等。1 一般过去时1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day等。Sang Lan was born in Ningbo, China in 1981.I attended a meeting yesterday.Where did he go a mom
2、ent ago?2)表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。I went to school by bus.He was often late for school.3)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you/I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.2. 一般过去时和现在完成比较一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响.- My computer
3、 _ wrong although I used it only once. - youd better go to check it.试比较:I cant enter the room now because I _ (lose) my key.I cant find my text book now, but I _ (put) it here.3过去进行时 1)它是用来表示在特定的某一时刻正在发生的事情，或者过去某一时段内持续发生的事情。主要从点和段上来强调动作的过去进行时。 What were you doing at nine last night? I first met Lisa
4、 three years ago. She was working at the radio shop at that time. 2)表示过去某一阶段内一直在进行的动作。 I was reading a novel last night. As she was reading the newspaper, her sister was doing her homework.过去进行时在近年高考中的考查:1. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. - Where was I?- You _you didnt like your fathers
5、 job. (04 北京)A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 2. You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 广东) - Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited3. Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it th
6、is morning. (04吉林)A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 4. Whats wrong with your coat? (05 重庆) - Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting Answers: CACD4. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 1). 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与jus
7、t now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如 I was sixteen years old last year. He worked in a factory in 1986. I met her in the street the day before yesterday. He often swam in the river when he was young.2). 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，
8、at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/ Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。Eg. What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the
9、 door.3). 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去 进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 I saw you while you were speaking to Joan.注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(信写完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信.（信不一定写完）4). 过去进行时的时间状语从句(1). when 和whil
10、e引导的状语从句 while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如： When/While we were having supper, the light went out.(2). when用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我5过去完成时1)在某一过去时间以前或过去某事之前已发生并完成的动作。By the end of last month they had treated 3,000 patient
11、s.By the time she competed in the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.2)表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。I had hoped to go on Monday, but I couldnt get away.I had thought that he was our English teacher.3)用与Hardlywhen, Scarcelywhen, No soonerthan句型中。Hardly had he finished
12、his homework when we went home.6. 过去完成时与一般过去时1). 历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如： They learned that Lincoln led the American War.He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews.2). 过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇.I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared.They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days la
13、ter, everyone had known it.3). 当主从复合句中有after, before 引导的时间状语从句时,用过去完成时的地方可用一般过去时.He (had) finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I (had) had a short break, I went on to work out the problem.将来时态谈论将来的状况或动作一般用将来时态。将来时态包括一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时等。1 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如to
14、morrow, next week等。She will come with us to watch a football match tomorrow. 有几种方法可以表示一般将来。1). will/shall do:表示将来发生的动作或出现的状态,shall仅与第一人称连用I know I will think about her whenever my life feels unbearable.2). be going to do:表示主语计划打算的行动或看来就要发生的事情Today, Im going to talk about how to find happiness.3). be
15、 doing:表示计划或安排好的动作（go, come, leave, begin 等动词）4). be to do:表示客观上计划或安排好的动作The line is to be opened to traffic on May Day.5). be about to do:表示即将发生的动作,一般不带时间副词或短语He is about to retire.6). do:表示与安排，计划或时刻表有关的动作；或用于if, when等状语从句中代替will do.2 将来进行时(1)表示将来某一时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。Dr Brain will be talking about success next time.What will you be doing at eight tomorrow evening?I wonder if it wil
