人教版必修第一册重点语法Welcome Unit 1Unit 1 Teenage Life 7Unit 2 Travelling Around 10Unit 3 Sports And Fitness 14Unit 4 Natural Disasters 22Unit 5 Languages Around The World 28Welcome Unit句子成分和基本句型组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等不同句子成分构成不同的句型本单元语法主要讲述句子成分和8种基本句型[观察例句]1．A boy meets a girl during a break.2．The class was difficult.3．He even told us a funny story.4．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.[归纳用法]一、句子成分成分意义位置主语S(subject)句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出位于句首谓语V(verb)表示主语的行为或状态，是句子的灵魂、核心主语之后宾语O(object)表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者动词或介词后直接宾语DO(direct object)表示动作的承受者，一般是物动词后间接宾语IO(indirect object)表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人动词后表语P(predicative)用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等系动词后定语(attribute)用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征名词或代词前宾语补足语OC(object complement)补充说明宾语的动作或状态宾语后状语A(adverbial)说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度位置灵活[即学即练1]标出下面句子的成分(用S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC)①I will return you the book tomorrow. .②I found the film interesting. .③She is beautiful and smart. .④He offered me a job yesterday. .⑤The English class begins at eight oclock. .二、八种基本句型1．主谓结构(SV)：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。
主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise，matter，begin，come，go，happen，last，appear，work，come true，take place等Class | begins.开始上课A Chinese painting exhibition | will take place.一个中国画展将要举办2．主谓宾结构(SVO)：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语这种句型中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等The students | have known | the answer.学生们已经知道了答案Some schools | dont have | a uniform policy.有些学校没有校服政策[即学即练2]分析句子成分/翻译句子①The writing class had just begun. .②They laughed. .③我们学校将举办一次运动会Our_school_will_hold_a_sports_meeting.④我的爱好包括旅游和游泳My_hobbies_include_travelling_and_swimming.3．主系表结构(SP)：主语＋系动词＋表语这种句型中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。
常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)，变化系动词(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)，持续系动词(remain/keep/hold/stay)，表象系动词(seem/appear/look)等表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当She | is | an English teacher.她是一名英语老师The food | smells | delicious.这食物闻起来很香4．主谓宾宾结构(SVIODO)：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有give，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，order等间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有buy，fetch，save，choose，sing等It | gives | her | a sense of duty.这给她责任感。
The president | showed | me | her daughters pictures.总统给我看了她女儿的照片[即学即练3]分析句子成分/翻译句子①All of them were amazed. .②These suggestions are of great help. .③你最好给你的朋友买一些小礼物Youd_better_buy_your_friends_some_small_gifts.④你能借给我那本书吗？Can_you_lend_me_that_book?5．主谓宾宾补结构(SVOOC)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当该句式常用于三类动词：①使役动词keep，make，let，have，leave，get等；②感官动词或短语see，watch，notice，observe，find，catch，look at，listen to，hear，feel，smell等；③ask，tell，order，request，permit，persuade等They | usually keep | the door | open.他们通常把门开着。
My teacher | had | me | standing all the morning.我的老师让我站了一整个上午6．主谓状(SVA)：主语＋谓语＋状语该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词The children | stayed | in the room.孩子们待在房间里His parents | have worked | in the company for ten years.他的父母在这家公司工作十年了[即学即练4]分析句子成分/完成句子①The exhibition will start on June 21 and last for a week. and .②Hopefully，you can take part.， .③We must keep our_school_clean(我们的学校干净)．④He asked me_to_come_back(我回来) soon.7．主谓宾状(SVOA)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词The man | raised | his arms | above his head.那个人把手臂举过头顶。
The girl | enjoys | reading | in the morning.这个女孩喜欢早上读书8．There be句型There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人基本结构是：There is/are/was/were...＋地点状语谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live，stand，lie，seem/appear to be(好像有)，happen to be(碰巧有)，used to be(曾经有)等There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人在此经过[即学即练5]完成句子①There_are_too_many_cars on the road.路上的汽车太多了②There_will_be more serious air pollution.空气污染将会更严重分析句子成分③They know us very well. .④He refused to help them at last. .Ⅰ.指出下列句子中画线部分所做的句子成分1．The_students got on the school bus.主语；定语2．He handed me the newspaper.间接宾语3．I shall_answer your question after_class.谓语；状语4．What a beautiful Chinese painting！定语5．They went hunting together early_in_the_morning.状语6．His job is to_train_swimmers.定语；表语7．He took many_photos_of_the_palaces in_Beijing.宾语；状语8．There is_going_to_be an_American_film tonight.谓语；主语9．He is to_leave_for_Shanghai tomorrow.表语10．His_wish is to_become_a_scientist.主语；表语Ⅱ.判断基本句型①Once upon a time，there lived three monks in a small temple.②And they never agreed with one another.One autumn night there were thousands of stars in the sky.③A monk was sitting on a rock，holding a fishing rod up to catch one of the stars.④This surprised the other two monks.“What a fool you are！”said the second mon。