FrancisBacon 1561 1626 FrancisBacon 1561 1626 FrancisBaconwasanEnglishphilosopher statesman scientist Lawyer jurist orator essayist authorandmasterofEnglish 法理学家 1 HeenteredTrinityCollege Cambridge on5April1573attheageof12 livingforthreeyearsthere Bacon seducationwasconductedlargelyinLatinandfollowedthemedievalcurriculum HewasalsoeducatedattheUniversityofPoitiers 法国普瓦捷大学afamousolduniversityinFrance 2 ItwasatCambridgethathefirstmetQueenElizabeth whowasimpressedbyhisprecociousintellect andwasaccustomedtocallinghim Theyounglordkeeper 年轻的掌玺大臣 Details LifeandPoliticalCareer TrinityCollege Cambridge 剑桥大学三一学院 是剑桥大学中规模最大 财力最雄厚 名声最响亮的学院之一是由英国国王亨利八世于1546年所建 其前身是1324年建立的迈克尔学院以及1317年建立的国王学堂 从三一学院毕业的著名毕业生的玉石雕像 包括了牛顿 培根 丁尼生等人 In1603 JamesIsucceededElizabeth Afterbeingknightedbytheking heswiftlyascendedtheladderofstateandfrom1604 1618filledasuccessionofhigh profileadvisorypositions1604 AppointedKing sCounsel 31 法律顾问1607 NamedSolicitorGeneral 34 副检察长1608 AppointedClerkoftheChamber 35 1613 AppointedAttorneyGeneral 总检察长 52 1616 MadeamemberofthePrivyCouncil 枢密院司法委员会成员 55 1617 AppointedLordKeeperoftheRoyalSeal hisfather sformeroffice 掌玺大臣1618 MadeLordChancellor 英国大法官In1621hewasarrestedandchargedwithbribery Althoughthefinewaslaterwaived cancelled andBaconspentonlyfourdaysintheTower hewasneverallowedtositinParliamentorholdpoliticalofficeagain Baconspenthisremainingyearsworkingwithreneweddeterminationonhislifelongproject thereformoflearningandtheestablishmentofanintellectualcommunitydedicatedtothediscoveryofscientificknowledgeforthe useandbenefitofmen 4 Baconhasbeencalledthecreatorofempiricism 经验主义 Hisworksestablishedandpopularizedinductivemethodologiesforscientificinquiry oftencalledtheBaconianmethod 培根法 orthescientificmethod propermethodologystillusedtoday ofreasoning proceedingfromparticularfactstoageneralconclusion归纳法 5 Baconwasknightedin1603attheageof32 beingthefirstscientisttoreceiveaknighthood andcreatedBaronVerulam 维鲁拉姆男爵 in1618andViscountSt Albanattheageof47 子爵圣阿尔班 in1621 ashediedwithoutheirs bothpeeragesbecameextinctuponhisdeath 6 Hefamouslydiedbycontractingpneumoniawhilestudyingtheeffectsoffreezingonthepreservationofmeatattheageof65 7 Afterhisdeath heremainedextremelyinfluentialthroughhisworks especiallyasphilosophicaladvocateandpractitionerofthescientificmethod 实践者 StatueofFrancisBaconintheLibraryofCongress Washington DC intheU S A MemorialtoFrancisBacon inthechapelofTrinityCollege Cambridge MottosbyBacon 1 Knowledgeispower 2 Tochoosetimeistosavetime 3 Virtueislikearichstone bestplainset 美德好比宝石 在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽 4 Thereisnomanthatimpartethhisjoystohisfriends butthathejoyeththemore andnomanthatimpartethhisgriefstohisfriends buthegrieveththeless 与友分享欢乐者 无不欢乐倍增 与友分担哀伤者 无不哀伤减半 Menfeardeathaschildrenfeartogointhedark andasthatnaturalfearinchildrenisincreasedwithtales soistheother 成人畏惧死亡犹如儿童怕进黑暗 儿童对黑暗之天然惧怕因妄言传闻而增长 成人对死亡之畏怯恐惧亦复如此 Ageappearstobebestinfourthings oldwoodbesttoburn oldwinetodrink oldfriendstotrust andoldauthorstoread 6 Readingmakethafullman conferenceareadyman andwritinganexactman 7 Ifyouaskthemostimportantinlifeskills Thenansweris first fearless Second fearless Thethird orfearless 8 Awisemanwillmakemoreopportunitiesthanhefinds OfTruth 1625 OfDeath 1612 enlarged1625 OfUnityinReligion OfReligion 1612 rewritten1625 OfRevenge 1625 OfAdversity 1625 OfSimulationandDissimulation 1625 OfParentsandChildren 1612 enlarged1625 OfMarriageandSingleLife 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfEnvy 1625 OfLove 1612 rewritten1625 OfGreatPlace 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfBoldness 1625 OfGoodnessandGoodnessofNature 1612 enlarged1625 OfNobility 1612 rewritten1625 OfSeditionsandTroubles 1625 OfAtheism 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfSuperstition 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfTravel 1625 OfEmpire 1612 muchenlarged1625 OfCounsels 1612 enlarged1625 OfDelays 1625 OfCunning 1612 rewritten1625 OfWisdomforaMan sSelf 1612 enlarged1625 OfInnovations 1625 OfDispatch 1612 处决OfSeemingWise 1612 OfFriendship 1612 rewritten1625 OfExpense 1597 enlarged1612 again1625 OftheTrueGreatnessofKingdomsandEstates 1612 enlarged1625 OfRegimenofHealth 1597 enlarged1612 again1625 养生保健OfSuspicion 1625 OfDiscourse 1597 slightlyenlarged1612 again1625 演说OfPlantations 1625 OfRiches 1612 muchenlarged1625 OfProphecies 1625 OfAmbition 1612 enlarged1625 OfMasquesandTriumphs 1625 假面剧和胜利OfNatureinMen 1612 enlarged1625 OfCustomandEducation 1612 enlarged1625 OfFortune 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfUsury 1625 高利贷OfYouthandAge 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfBeauty 1612 slightlyenlarged1625 OfDeformity 1612 somewhataltered1625 畸型OfBuilding 1625 OfGardens 1625 OfNegotiating 1597 enlarged1612 veryslightlyaltered1625 OfFollowersandFriends追随者和朋友 1597 slightlyenlarged1625 OfSuitors 1597 enlarged1625 追求者OfStudies 1597 enlarged1625 OfFaction 1597 muchenlarged1625 OfCeremoniesandRespects 1597 enlarged1625 OfPraise 1612 enlarged1625 OfVainGlory 1612 虚荣OfHonorandReputation 1597 omitted1612 republished1625 OfJudicature 1612 OfAnger 1625 OfVicissitudeofThings 1625 变迁AFragmentofanEssayofFameOftheColorsofGoodandEvi。