Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.------------------------------------------author------------------------------------------datePASCO物理组合实验系列动力学组合实验-20151215tPASCO物理组合实验系列动力学组合实验-20151215t PASCO物理组合实验系列动力学组合实验上海交通大学物理实验中心--------------------------------------------------目 录 引言实验1 爆炸时动量守恒··········································································1实验2 碰撞中动量守恒···········································································3实验3 简谐振子·················································································5实验4 斜面上的振动··············································································8实验5 弹簧的串、并联·············································································10实验6 牛顿第二定律···············································································12实验7 牛顿第二定律Ⅱ···········································································13实验8 沿斜面下滑的加速度······································································15实验9 能量守恒····················································································17实验10 扩展性推荐实验···········································································20 实验A 质心不变···············································································20 实验Ｂ 二小车和三弹簧的振动模式······················································20 实验Ｃ 牛顿第二定律（Ⅲ）···································································20 实验Ｄ 阻尼运动··············································································20 实验Ｅ 用气球推进的火箭车·······························································20 实验Ｆ 三辆小车和四根弹簧的振动模式················································20 实验Ｇ 多重弹性碰撞········································································20 实验Ｈ 多重非弹性碰撞·····································································20补充部分：传感器推荐实验·········································································21Ⅰ 转动位移传感器/力学导轨系统组合装置（RMS/IDS Kit）····························21 实验1 经受弹性碰撞小车的速度和加速度的相关性·································21 实验2 非弹性碰撞的动量与冲量的比较··················································23 实验3 在非弹性碰撞中动能减少时动量守恒···········································25 实验4 弹性碰撞中的动量和动能守恒····················································29Ⅱ 转动位移传感器（RMS）········································································32 实验4 力与位移的关系—小车与力传感器间的碰撞··································32 实验5 拖动大滑轮的小车的加速度························································33 实验8 简谐振动—小车与弹簧系统·······················································34 实验11 浑沌····················································································35动力学组合实验（力学轨道小车组合实验）（原文编号：012—05024Ｅ）引言 PASCO ME—9458力学小车及附属轨道装置可利用动力学小车（ME—9430）和碰撞小车（ME—9454）做多种实验。
该轨道结构简单，可方便地调整到最佳状态，它适应大部分直线运动实验 轨道装置的特点有：（1）有可调整水平的脚架；（2）具有低磨擦的轮槽，使小车甚至在碰撞后仍保持准直；（3）有机动的标准实验杆，对斜面实验的倾角可调；（4）有耐用的可调止停终端，用来保护小车实验1 爆炸时动量守恒实验设备带质量块的力学小车（ME—9430）碰撞小车（ME—9454）力学小车轨道米尺天平实验目的本实验的目的是证明两辆彼此推斥的小车动量守恒实验原理 当两辆小车彼此推斥，而且无净外力时，两小车的动量之和是守恒的如果系统最初是静止的，那么两小车最终的动量必然是等值反向，而系统最后的总动量仍然是零所以，小车末速度之比等于小车质量之比：为了简化实验，可将原静止小车时的出发点，选择在使两辆小车恰好同时到达两侧轨道终点的位置速度等于距离除以时间，由于每辆小车的运动时间相等，所以速度可以用测量距离来代替，即：因此，距离之比将反比于质量之比：实验步骤 ① 调整轨道水平可放辆小车在轨道上，看小车是否滚动，调整水平调节脚的高低，直到静止放置的小车不会滚动为止图1.1 ② 在以下每种情况开始时，都将力学小车的柱塞全部推入，并锁定在它们的最大限度状态（如图1.1），然后使两辆小车以柱塞端相对靠在一起。
③ 用一根短棒推柱塞释放按钮，注意两辆小车将运动到轨道的两端实验从不同地点开始，直到两辆小车同时到达各自的轨道端点为止称出两辆小车的重量，将质量和起始位置记入表1.1中 情况1：质量相等的小车对（用两辆不加附加质量块的小车） 情况2：不等质量的小车对（一辆小车上加一块质量块，另一辆不加） 情况3：不等质量的小车对（一辆小车上加一块质量块，另一辆不加） 情况4：不等质量的小车对（一辆小车上加一块质量块，另一辆加一块）表1.1质量1质量2位置Ｘ1Ｘ2Ｘ1/X2M2/M1数据处理 ① 对每种情况，计算从起始位置到轨道端点运行的距离结果记在表1.1中 ② 计算运行距离的比值，记入表中 ③ 计算质量的比值，记入表中问题 ① 在每种情况下，距离的比值等于质量的比值吗？换言之，动量守恒吗？ ② 质量不等的小车彼此推开时，哪一辆小车的动量较大？ ③ 质量不等的小车彼此推开时，哪一辆小车的动能较大？ ④ 起始位置和哪一辆车有柱塞开关有关吗？为什么？实验2 碰撞中动量守恒实验设备带质量块的力学小车（ＭＥ-9430）碰撞小车（ＭＥ-9454）2套磁阻尼装置（已就位）力学小车轨道纸实验目的本实验的目的是定性验证弹性和非弹性碰撞时动量守恒。
实验原理当两辆小车彼此碰撞时，无论是何种碰撞，两车的总动量是守恒的弹性碰撞时，两车彼此弹开，其动能不减少在该实验中，碰撞过程中的磁阻尼将使由于磨擦造成的能量损失最小事实上，所谓“弹性”碰撞总有点非弹性的完全非弹性碰撞是两辆小车碰撞后彼此粘连的情况，在这种实验中，是由在小车端部装有搭钩条和软毛毯条来实现的实验步骤 ① 用放一部小车在轨道上，看它如何滚动，来调平轨道调整轨端的水平调节脚的升降，直至静止放在轨道上的小车不左右运动时为止② 对下面每种情况画2张图表（一张用于碰撞前，一张用于碰撞后）在每张图中，用一与小车的速度大约成比例的长度来表示每一辆小车的速度矢量第一部分 弹性碰撞Ａ、质量相等的小车组 使两辆小车的磁阻尼彼此相对放置 情况 1：将一部小车放在轨道中央，然后给另一辆小车一个相对静止小车的初速度 情况2：开始时，两辆小车都在轨道的各一端，再给每一辆小车一个相向的大致相同的速度 情况3：开始时，两辆小车放在轨道上同一端，先给第一辆小车一个较小的速度，再给第二辆小车一个较大的速度，并使第二辆小车追上第一辆小车图2.1Ｂ、质量不相等的小车组 加两条质量块在一辆小车上，这辆小车的质量（3Ｍ）大约是另一辆小车（1Ｍ）的三倍。
情况 1：放3Ｍ小车静止在轨道中央，给另一辆小车一个对着静止小车的初速度 情况 2：放1Ｍ小车静。
