如何用词汇的复现和同现关系解完型填空题作者：刘小兵 《英语画报》2008 第9期在英语语篇中，作者常常通过利用词汇的复现关系使整个语篇意义连贯但大多数学生对于此概念却十分陌生，更谈不上在学习中加以运用典型的是在解完型填空时常常顾此失彼，不能结合整个语篇的内容去认真地分析，从而造成许多的失误因此在教学中教师必须有意识地加强学生对此概念的指导，使他们对语篇的知识有所认识，从而减少在测试中的失误本文结合高考的完型填空就词汇的复现和同现关系作一肤浅的分析，旨在帮助学生更好地分析各种题材的文章，从而提高他们在该题的得分率一、 词汇的复现关系词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其它形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接例如：1). The two women at the counter read the menu. From the other end of the counter Helen watched them .在该句中第二句重复使用counter 一词，因而出现了词汇复现关系2). Yesterday Tom got a lot of presents from his friends and family. All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper.在上述句中，presents 和gifts 是同义词，利用同义词构成语义的连贯。
3). Everything faded into mist. The past was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the lie became truth. 在此句中，三个动词fated, erased forgotten 是近义词，因而形成了近义词复现关系4). Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 第二句中的bird 是第一句的pigeon 的上义词，从而就出现了上义词复现关系5). You will need to take some tools with you. You can get a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver from most big department stores. 在此例中，hammer，saw和screwdriver都可以看作是tool 的下义词概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。
例如，people, man, woman, thing, place, do, make等都是概括词概括词与其所指的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系形成的例如：6). A: What shall I do with all this crockery? B: Leave the stuff there; someone will come to put it away. 7). Can you tell me where to stay in Geneva? I’ve never been to the place. 在这两例中后一句中的概括词（stuff, place ）分别和前面的crockery和Geneva 构成相互衔接关系二、 词汇的同现关系词汇的同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性在语篇中，围绕着一定的话题，一定的词就往往会同时出现这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系密切词汇的同现关系包括反义关系、互补关系等例如：1). Helen is a good teacher, but she is a bad wife. 在这个例子中，good和bad 是一对反义词，因此构成了反义词同现。
互补词的互补性指的是非彼即此或非此即彼，互补词在意义上是相互排斥的例如：2). Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. For men, there is no change. （《牛津高中英语》Book 3 P. 9 ）在这个例子中，两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词women 和men 的对照语音中有些项目的排列是有一定规律的，这些位于同一序列的词语也可起到衔接句子的作用例如：First, some of us are upset about their styles and looks.… Second, we sometimes seem to be misunderstood by our teachers, parents and classmates. …Third, we may fall behind others, which makes us stressed. … Last, some of us don’t have much pocket, so they feel unhappy. (2008 江苏高考预测卷 10 书面表达题) 在这个例子中，first, second, third, last 属于同一个序列，应而也是同现关系，起到了衔接的作用。
在语言实践中，有些在意义上相互联系的词语常常同时出现在同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个语义框架结构，形成了同一个词汇链当一个词汇套的词语出现在一个语篇时，这些词语就能衔接句子，起着连句成篇的作用例如： A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of the many colleges or universities in the country, After four years, they receive a bachelor’s degree. Some continue studying for a master’s degree and perhaps a doctor’s degree. 在该段落中，斜体的词汇构成了一个词汇链，使句子之间的衔接十分自然 通过上述例句可以看出，在英语语篇中，我们可以通过利用词汇的复现和同现关系来解完型填空的练习，在阅读时首先找出哪些词汇在语篇中形成了复现或同现关系，利用这些关系确定选择合适的选项下面从2007高考题中选出一例加以分析。
Ban the Band? Every year, our school has a dance for all the students. It’s a little funny seeing friends inclean shoes and trousers or colorful___1____, instead of the usual school uniform. Most of us think the dance is great ____2____ —even the teachers enjoy being there. __3___ , two weeks ago someone said that there would be no __4____ band this year—only CDs. “I don’t __5___ it!” Amy cried out during the lunch break. “Someone said the school couldn’t __6___ a band, and they think it’s too noisy anyway,” added Daniel. “Well, I don’t think it’s ___7___ enough without a band!” declared Angela. “and I’m going to see what can be done.” Angela was as good as her ___8___. In the afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the __9____ some more thought. And he suggested that one __10____ for having a band was to increase the price of each ticket from ＄5 to ＄10. Angela had to __11____ out whether the students would like to do that. “I need all of you to help me.” She ___12___ to our group before school the next day. “Mr. Berry gave me a list of all the names, and suggested we ask each one their __13___ about the band and the extra cost.” __14____ the day we asked around as Angela suggested, and wrote down people’s feelings about the band and the cast. We were amazed how much __15_____ there was for the band and everyone agreed to pay the extra ＄5. “I’m surprised,” smiled Mr. Berry, when we gave him the __16____. “I really thought that only a few people __17____ their band and that the cost would be too high. OK, Angela, your next ___18___ is to find a good band and line them up for the dance.” Angela was all smiles and __19____ Daniel. “You ‘re __20____,” smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance. 1.A.shapesB.dressesC.flowersD.pictures2.A.funB.workC.effortD.progress3.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Therefore4.A.newB.liveC.foreignD.marching5.A.meanB.needC.ac。