阅读理解应试技巧

LOGO阅读理解应试技巧阅读理解应试技巧阅读理解应试技巧阅读理解应试技巧LOGOLOGOv一、阅读方法：一、阅读方法： 首先，在解题前，应先快速浏览文章后的问题，首先，在解题前，应先快速浏览文章后的问题，找出题干找出题干中的关键词中的关键词，明确需要解决的问题，这样阅读的目的就很明，明确需要解决的问题，这样阅读的目的就很明确；然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读，并结合以下三确；然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读，并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型种阅读方法解不同的题型v略读（略读（SkimmingSkimming）：这种阅读方式用于快速浏览，）：这种阅读方式用于快速浏览，其主要其主要目的就是把握全文的大意目的就是把握全文的大意要按意群扫视，连贯阅读；要特要按意群扫视，连贯阅读；要特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词，它们往往是了解文章落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词，它们往往是了解文章大意的关键大意的关键v查读（查读（ScanningScanning）：这种阅读方式）：这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节适于寻找具体细节，例如：，例如：事实、数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。

这种方法主要用事实、数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等这种方法主要用于做细节题于做细节题v细读（细读（Reading for full understandingReading for full understanding）：这种阅读方式）：这种阅读方式适于适于某些需要判断或思考的问题某些需要判断或思考的问题对于这种问题先要找到它在文对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关段落，然后逐句阅读，特别是对与问题有关的关章中的相关段落，然后逐句阅读，特别是对与问题有关的关键词、关键句要仔细推敲键词、关键句要仔细推敲LOGOv二．阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧二．阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧v（一）细节题：（一）细节题：v主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握，这类主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握，这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到对于事实细节题，关键问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到对于事实细节题，关键是要定位准确应首先找到它的考查点，这种题只要找到细是要定位准确应首先找到它的考查点，这种题只要找到细节题所在的地方，再联系上下文，然后根据它的命题规律答节题所在的地方，再联系上下文，然后根据它的命题规律答题即可。

题即可这类题的题干＋答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一这类题的题干＋答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容，也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干＋答案与原部分的内容，也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干＋答案与原文等值文等值（即同义结构，如：（即同义结构，如：educational institutioneducational institution school; school; make strenuous effortsmake strenuous efforts strive strive）文中的时间、地点、人）文中的时间、地点、人物、数量或事实多为提问的对象（即物、数量或事实多为提问的对象（即when, where, who, when, where, who, why, how, how many/much,..why, how, how many/much,..），而这些问题的表达常不），而这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内容；然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后，容；然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定答案。

在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定答案LOGOvThe French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and peoplecrisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes.raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. force. On July 14, 1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where On July 14, 1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept.political prisoners were kept. 12. Which did not happen in 1789? 12. Which did not happen in 1789? A. The French Revolution broke out. A. The French Revolution broke out. B. The national economy was developing rapidly. B. The national economy was developing rapidly. C. The government wasn C. The government wasn’t well run.t well run. D. King Louis XIV was in power. D. King Louis XIV was in power. 13. Where were the political prisoners kept? 13. Where were the political prisoners kept? A. In Versailles. A. In Versailles.B. In Austria.B. In Austria. C. In Prussia. C. In Prussia.D. In Bastille.D. In BLOGO A couple, John and Mary, had two lovely children. A couple, John and Mary, had two lovely children. John had just John had just been asked to go on a business trip and would be gone for several been asked to go on a business trip and would be gone for several days. Mary would go along too.days. Mary would go along too. They hired a reliable woman to They hired a reliable woman to care for the children and made the trip, returning home a little care for the children and made the trip, returning home a little earlier than they had planned.earlier than they had planned. As they drove into their hometown, As they drove into their hometown, they noticed smoke, and they they noticed smoke, and they went off their usual route to see what it was. They found a home went off their usual route to see what it was. They found a home in flames. Mary said, "Well, it isn't our fire, let's go home.in flames. Mary said, "Well, it isn't our fire, let's go home.“ .John and Mary hired a woman to look after their children when John and Mary hired a woman to look after their children when ________. ________. A. the children were getting out of control. A. the children were getting out of control. B. John would be on a business trip and Mary would go along, too. B. John would be on a business trip and Mary would go along, too. C. there was a car accident. C. there was a car accident. D. they were too tired to do it themselves. D. they were too tired to do it themselves. On their way home the couple __________. On their way home the couple __________. A. found a murder. A. found a murder. B. found a robbery. B. found a robbery. C. first noticed smoke and then they found a house in fire. C. first noticed smoke and then they found a house in fire. D. found that they were running out of gas. D. found that they were running out of gas. LOGO I often find myself trying to explain the I often find myself trying to explain the attraction traveling holds for me. Traveling, according attraction traveling holds for me. Traveling, according to many people, is often uncomfortable and even, at to many people, is often uncomfortable and even, at least sometimes, dangerous. But one benefit of least sometimes, dangerous. But one benefit of traveling is that it creates a perfect atmosphere for the traveling is that it creates a perfect atmosphere for the observation of life, an environment that can lead to observation of life, an environment that can lead to better understanding and enlightenment. Many better understanding and enlightenment. Many wonderful people and places lie on the road ahead. wonderful people and places lie on the road ahead. The fact that there are obstacles as well only makes the The fact that there are obstacles as well only makes the journey more rewarding.journey more rewarding. My life and my memories will My life and my memories will be improved after encountering these people and be improved after encountering these people and places. Thatplaces. That’s a pretty big benefit!s a pretty big benefit! . According to the author, __________ can According to the author, __________ can only make only make the journey more worthwhile.the journey more worthwhile. A. obstacles B. memories A. obstacles B. memories C. additional fascination D. benefit C. additional fascination D. LOGO Of course I could also enrich my life without traveling very far at Of course I could also enrich my life without traveling very far at all, but there is something about foreign lands that provides an all, but there is something about foreign lands that provides an additional fascination. additional fascination. I think most non-travelers are simply too I think most non-travelers are simply too distracted by things such as work, home, and friends to devote their distracted by things such as work, home, and friends to devote their full attention to observation of life.full attention to observation of life. I'm more observant when I'm on I'm more observant when I'm on the road and therefore, more alive. I talk to more people and listen the road and therefore, more alive. I talk to more people and listen to them carefully. I keenly notice everything about my strange new to them carefully. I keenly notice everything about my strange new environment. I see a lot of humor that can compensate for(environment. I see a lot of humor that can compensate for(弥补弥补) the ) the misery(misery(痛苦痛苦) of moving about.) of moving about. According to the author, the problem with According to the author, the problem with most non-travelers is most non-travelers is that that ______________.______________. A. they live a busy life without having fun. A. they live a busy life without having fun. B. their attention centers so much on work, home and friends that B. their attention centers so much on work, home and friends that they donthey don’t observe life wholeheartedly.t observe life wholeheartedly. C. they consider money-making the most important thing. C. they consider money-making the most important thing. D. they can D. they can’t enrich their life because they dont enrich their life because they don’t travel very far.t travel very LOGOv（二）正误判断题（二）正误判断题 由于所提信息在文中比较清晰，可以一一找到，所以，解由于所提信息在文中比较清晰，可以一一找到，所以，解决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读技巧，首先找出问题决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读技巧，首先找出问题或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点，然后略读文章，或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点，然后略读文章，扫描这些词所在的句子，再详细读这些句子。

必要时，连扫描这些词所在的句子，再详细读这些句子必要时，连同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读，以便综合考虑和确定答同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读，以便综合考虑和确定答案这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰，快速抓案这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰，快速抓住供解题用的信息点，提高解题速度和准确性住供解题用的信息点，提高解题速度和准确性vA: According to the passage, which of the following is A: According to the passage, which of the following is (NOT) true?(NOT) true?vB: According to the passage, which of the following B: According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong?statements is wrong?LOGOv In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgottenforgotten. . The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently.differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life,Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. vWhich of the following statements is true according to the passage? __________Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? __________ A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time.about the concept of time. C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A..U.S.A.. D. Promptness is valued highly in American life. D. Promptness is valued highly in American LOGOv Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style.we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words.Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears.their position and association can move men to tears. We should We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? A. He is no more than a master of words. A. He is no more than a master of words. B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. C. He can move men to tears. C. He can move men to tears. D. His style is always charming. D. His style is always LOGO Congress approved the Rehabilitation Act(Congress approved the Rehabilitation Act(助残法案助残法案) in 1973. This ) in 1973. This law requires schools to provide disabled students with opportunities equal law requires schools to provide disabled students with opportunities equal to those for other students. A more recent law requires public schools to to those for other students. A more recent law requires public schools to establish a program for each child found to have a disability. Schools must establish a program for each child found to have a disability. Schools must write, and follow, a statement called an I.E.P., an individualized education write, and follow, a statement called an I.E.P., an individualized education program. If not, parents may take legal action. program. If not, parents may take legal action. States must provide special States must provide special education services for free. Teachers with these skills are in great demand. education services for free. Teachers with these skills are in great demand. There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has disabilities. disabilities. One way is to give the student extra time to complete work. One way is to give the student extra time to complete work. Teachers might also permit the student to take tests differently from others Teachers might also permit the student to take tests differently from others in class. in class. What is NOT mentioned in the article? What is NOT mentioned in the article? A. States must provide special education services without asking students for A. States must provide special education services without asking students for money.money. B. Teachers with skills to help disabled students are needed badly. B. Teachers with skills to help disabled students are needed badly. C. Teachers might prevent the student from taking tests differently from C. Teachers might prevent the student from taking tests differently from others in class.others in class. D. One way to meet disabled students D. One way to meet disabled students’ need is to give the students extra need is to give the students extra time to complete work.time to complete LOGO There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has disabilitiesdisabilities…… Technology is one way to help. Technology is one way to help. There are computer programs, for There are computer programs, for example, designed for the needs of people with learning disabilities. example, designed for the needs of people with learning disabilities. There are some schools in the United States that teach only students There are some schools in the United States that teach only students with learning disabilities.with learning disabilities. One is Landmark College in the northeastern One is Landmark College in the northeastern state of Vermont. Students attend for up to three years. It prepares them state of Vermont. Students attend for up to three years. It prepares them to continue their education at other colleges. to continue their education at other colleges. Classes at Landmark College Classes at Landmark College are small.are small. Students have their own learning plan, and a special teacher to Students have their own learning plan, and a special teacher to help them study. help them study. v Which of the following is TRUE? Which of the following is TRUE? A. There are few ways to meet the needs of a student who has learning A. There are few ways to meet the needs of a student who has learning disabilitiesdisabilities B. There are some schools in the United States that teach only students with B. There are some schools in the United States that teach only students with learning disabilities.learning disabilities. C. Computer programs designed for the needs of people with learning C. Computer programs designed for the needs of people with learning disabilities are not available so far. disabilities are not available so far. D. Classes at Landmark College are very big. D. Classes at Landmark College are very LOGOv（三）词义题（三）词义题 阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量，而是考查学生在一定阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量，而是考查学生在一定的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力。

常见命题方式：的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力常见命题方式： A: The word A: The word ….(Line.(Line…, Para, Para…) most probably refers to ______.) most probably refers to ______. B: In this passage, B: In this passage, … probably means probably means _ ___ C: The word __ C: The word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following? could best be replaced by which of the following?v解题方法：（解题方法：（1 1））直接定义直接定义作者用了生词，然后马上就用一些简单的作者用了生词，然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释它这种重述就是直接定义，常见标志有连词单词来解释它这种重述就是直接定义，常见标志有连词oror，而且多用，而且多用逗号与生词隔开，逗号与生词隔开，“refer torefer to”, , “meanmean”等；（等；（2 2））同义暗示法同义暗示法。

作者用作者用了一个生词的时候，一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思；了一个生词的时候，一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思；（（3 3））反义对比法反义对比法作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思因此，表示转折的联接词词的意思因此，表示转折的联接词but, unlike, while, however, on the but, unlike, while, however, on the contrarycontrary就成了这类题目的标志词；（就成了这类题目的标志词；（4 4））事例证明法事例证明法诸如for for example, such asexample, such as之类的词组之类的词组LOGO Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of year. Parchment was very parchment for many hundreds of year. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals.strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. history from records that were kept on parchment. WhatWhat’s the meaning for the word s the meaning for the word “parchmentparchment”? ? ________________________ A. The skin of young animals. A. The skin of young animals. B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals.animals. C. The paper used by European countries. C. The paper used by European countries. D. The paper of Egypt. D. The paper of ELOGO The main thing to say about the weather in Britain is that The main thing to say about the weather in Britain is that it it’s s unpredictableunpredictable. For some people this is interesting, for . For some people this is interesting, for others it is irritating (others it is irritating (烦人的烦人的). ). But certainly you can never tell But certainly you can never tell with certainty from one day to the next what the weather is with certainty from one day to the next what the weather is going to be like. Every morning when you wake up is a going to be like. Every morning when you wake up is a glorious surprise glorious surprise －－ especially if you have planned to go to especially if you have planned to go to the seaside and you find it is pouring rain or snowing. There the seaside and you find it is pouring rain or snowing. There are weather forecasts (are weather forecasts (预报预报) on the radio and TV and in the ) on the radio and TV and in the newspaper newspaper －－ but on the whole nobody believes them.but on the whole nobody believes them.v The word The word “unpredictableunpredictable” means ____________. means ____________. A. cannot be told in advance A. cannot be told in advance B. cannot be understood B. cannot be understood C. cannot be prepared for ahead C. cannot be prepared for ahead D. cannot be concluded D. cannot be concluded LOGO We were sorry that we had to ask the young man to leave the job. We were sorry that we had to ask the young man to leave the job. It was not that he was unpopular with the other people in the office. It was not that he was unpopular with the other people in the office. Everyone liked him. Nor was it that he was incapable. He had plenty of Everyone liked him. Nor was it that he was incapable. He had plenty of abilities. The problem was that so much of his work was unsatisfactory; abilities. The problem was that so much of his work was unsatisfactory; it wasnit wasn’t good enough. Sometimes he would leave a job unfinished, t good enough. Sometimes he would leave a job unfinished, and never come back to complete it. and never come back to complete it. Other times his writing would be Other times his writing would be so illegible that you couldnso illegible that you couldn’t read it.t read it. Or he might disappear from the Or he might disappear from the office for an hour or so with no explanation of where he had been. office for an hour or so with no explanation of where he had been. Once or twice he sat unoccupied for a while, doing nothing at all, until Once or twice he sat unoccupied for a while, doing nothing at all, until someone noticed him and gave him some work.someone noticed him and gave him some work. vIn the passage In the passage “illegibleillegible” refers to ______________. refers to ______________. A. difficult or impossible to read A. difficult or impossible to read B. easy and ready to read B. easy and ready to read C. easy and smooth to write C. easy and smooth to write D. difficult or impossible to write D. difficult or impossible to LOGO For the rest of the 1920s, Hitchcock worked on one film For the rest of the 1920s, Hitchcock worked on one film after another, in Britain and on location in Germany. after another, in Britain and on location in Germany. Filming was often a rough-and-ready (Filming was often a rough-and-ready (匆忙做成的匆忙做成的) affair ) affair and the assistant director was required to and the assistant director was required to step in and plug step in and plug gapsgaps. . A cameraman went missing, Hitchcock became a A cameraman went missing, Hitchcock became a cameraman. A scene needed rewriting, Hitchcock rewrote cameraman. A scene needed rewriting, Hitchcock rewrote it. Someone needed to be in charge of money when the it. Someone needed to be in charge of money when the film crew was on location, Hitchcock looked after the film crew was on location, Hitchcock looked after the money.money.vAccording to the context (According to the context (上下文上下文), ), “step in and plug step in and plug gapsgaps” means__________. means__________. A. take one A. take one’s place to do somethings place to do something B. ask for one B. ask for one’s helps help C. make up one C. make up one’s mind to do somethings mind to do something D. congratulate someone on something D. congratulate someone on LOGO Is there privacy between husband and wife? One of Sonia's Is there privacy between husband and wife? One of Sonia's friends married a talented Chinese man, but recently friends married a talented Chinese man, but recently she she became so angry that she wanted a divorce.became so angry that she wanted a divorce. The reason was The reason was that her husband had opened one of her letters and looked that her husband had opened one of her letters and looked through her purse. The husband didn't realize that Americans through her purse. The husband didn't realize that Americans wouldnwouldn’t t toleratetolerate it. He thought being a couple was like it. He thought being a couple was like being one person; why couldn't he see the letter or the being one person; why couldn't he see the letter or the contents of the purse? Truly, everyone, even those living as a contents of the purse? Truly, everyone, even those living as a couple, needs room couple, needs room —— not only in three-dimensional ( not only in three-dimensional (立体的立体的) space, but in the heart. ) space, but in the heart. v The word The word “toleratetolerate” means ______________. means ______________. A. get rid of B. forget C. bear D. beat A. get rid of B. forget C. bear D. LOGO Those tiny, little hairs above our eyes that many women Those tiny, little hairs above our eyes that many women pay so much attention to play a very important role in pay so much attention to play a very important role in keeping keeping moisturemoisture out of our eyes. out of our eyes. Just like an umbrella Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from the rain, our hairy eyebrows keep keeps our bodies dry from the rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat. When it's pouring rain our eyes dry from rain or sweat. When it's pouring rain outside or when sweat drips down from our foreheads, our outside or when sweat drips down from our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes.eyes.v According to the context (According to the context (上下文上下文), ), “moisturemoisture” refers to refers to _______._______. A. ice B. boiled water A. ice B. boiled water C. rain or sweat D. soft drink C. rain or sweat D. soft LOGO Still John drove up and stopped and they were Still John drove up and stopped and they were both both horror- strickenhorror- stricken to to see the whole house in see the whole house in flamesflames. A woman on the lawn was . A woman on the lawn was screamingscreaming, "The , "The children! Get the children!" John grabbed her by the children! Get the children!" John grabbed her by the shoulder saying, "Tell us where the children are!" "In shoulder saying, "Tell us where the children are!" "In the basement," sobbed the woman, "down the hall the basement," sobbed the woman, "down the hall and to the left.and to the left.“v What does What does “horror-strickenhorror-stricken” mean __________. mean __________. A. greatly frightened B. deeply moved A. greatly frightened B. deeply moved C. highly praised D. completely surprised C. highly praised D. completely surprised LOGOv（四）主旨题：（四）主旨题： 主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图。

主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图 常见命题方式：常见命题方式：vA: What is the general topic of the passage?A: What is the general topic of the passage? vB: The best title for this passage is ______. B: The best title for this passage is ______. vC: The main idea of this passage is______. C: The main idea of this passage is______. vD: What is the passage about? D: What is the passage about? vE: What does this passage mainly discuss? E: What does this passage mainly discuss? 这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体，不能选择概括全篇文章中某一这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体，不能选择概括全篇文章中某一段落的主题的、或是某个细节的选项；另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案，段落的主题的、或是某个细节的选项；另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案，致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题。

最基本的方法是找各个段落致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题最基本的方法是找各个段落的主题句的主题句主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分因此解答主旨题时，因此解答主旨题时，应该多关注一个段落的两头当然，有时候主题句藏在一段的中间，甚应该多关注一个段落的两头当然，有时候主题句藏在一段的中间，甚至压根儿就没有主题句至压根儿就没有主题句LOGO Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere, Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere, they have a language of their ownthey have a language of their own. . One such thing is "get your act together". When things go wrong in a One such thing is "get your act together". When things go wrong in a business, an employer may get angry, he may shout "get your act together". business, an employer may get angry, he may shout "get your act together". "Getting your act together" is getting organized. In business it usually means "Getting your act together" is getting organized. In business it usually means developing a calm and orderly plan of action. It is difficult to tell exactly developing a calm and orderly plan of action. It is difficult to tell exactly where the saying began. But it is probable that it was in the theater or where the saying began. But it is probable that it was in the theater or movie industry. Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a lot of movie industry. Perhaps one of the actors was nervous and made a lot of mistakes. The director may have said "Calm down now, get your act mistakes. The director may have said "Calm down now, get your act together." Word expert James Roger says the expression was common by together." Word expert James Roger says the expression was common by the late 1970s. the late 1970s. Another expression used by American business people is "cut to the Another expression used by American business people is "cut to the chase"chase"…v The passage is mainly about______________.The passage is mainly about______________. A. American business world A. American business world B. movie language B. movie language C. American business language C. American business language D. American businessmen D. American LOGO A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made manrespect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.as a farmer or laborer of some sort. This attitude toward manualThis attitude toward manual（体力的）（体力的）labor is now still seen in many aspects of labor is now still seen in many aspects of American lifeAmerican life. . One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriouslyeven luxuriously（豪华地）（豪华地）furnished and in which there is every evidence of the furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage? A. A Respectable Self-made Family. A. A Respectable Self-made Family. B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor. B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor. C. Characteristics of American Culture. C. Characteristics of American Culture. D. The Development of Manual Labor. D. The Development of Manual Labor. LOGO On February 14th many people in the world celebrate an unusual holiday, St. On February 14th many people in the world celebrate an unusual holiday, St. ValentineValentine’s Day, a special day for lovers. s Day, a special day for lovers. The origin of this holiday is uncertain but The origin of this holiday is uncertain but according to one story it gets its name from a Christian named Valentine who lived in according to one story it gets its name from a Christian named Valentine who lived in Rome during the 3rd century A.D.Rome during the 3rd century A.D. His job was to perform marriages for Christian His job was to perform marriages for Christian couples. Unfortunately the Emperor of Rome didncouples. Unfortunately the Emperor of Rome didn’t allow Christian marriages. So t allow Christian marriages. So they had to be performed in secret. Finally Valentine was arrested and put into prison. they had to be performed in secret. Finally Valentine was arrested and put into prison. While he was in prison he fell in love with the daughter of the prison guard. After one While he was in prison he fell in love with the daughter of the prison guard. After one year the Emperor offered to release Valentine if he would stop performing Christian year the Emperor offered to release Valentine if he would stop performing Christian marriages. Valentine refused and so he was killed in February, 270 A.D. Before her was marriages. Valentine refused and so he was killed in February, 270 A.D. Before her was killed Valentine sent a love letter to the daughter of the prison guard. He signed the killed Valentine sent a love letter to the daughter of the prison guard. He signed the letter letter “from your Valentinefrom your Valentine”. That was the first Valentine.. That was the first Valentine. Today Valentines are cards usually red and shaped like hearts with messages of love Today Valentines are cards usually red and shaped like hearts with messages of love written in them. On Valentinewritten in them. On Valentine’s Day tens of millions of people send and receive s Day tens of millions of people send and receive Valentines. Whether it is an expensive heart-shaped box of chocolates from a secret Valentines. Whether it is an expensive heart-shaped box of chocolates from a secret admirer or a simple hand-made card from a child, a Valentine is a very special message admirer or a simple hand-made card from a child, a Valentine is a very special message of love. of love. vThe passage is mainly about ________.The passage is mainly about ________. A. a special holiday A. a special holiday B. one possible origin of St. Valentine B. one possible origin of St. Valentine’s Day s Day C. the love story of a Christian called Valentine C. the love story of a Christian called Valentine D. what is Valentine today D. what is Valentine LOGO If you are like most learners of English, you probably do not spend much time If you are like most learners of English, you probably do not spend much time reading English.reading English. You are likely to be aware of an urgent need to improve your You are likely to be aware of an urgent need to improve your speaking and listening skills, increase your vocabulary and improve your grammar.speaking and listening skills, increase your vocabulary and improve your grammar. Because of these seemingly more urgent ( Because of these seemingly more urgent (紧急的紧急的) needs, reading skills improvement ) needs, reading skills improvement is often put at the bottom of the list of things to do to improve your English ability. is often put at the bottom of the list of things to do to improve your English ability. You may also tell yourself that your do not need to spend extra time on reading You may also tell yourself that your do not need to spend extra time on reading improvement because you do reading in English as part of your schoolwork or job. improvement because you do reading in English as part of your schoolwork or job. Putting off reading improvement with this type of reasoning is one of the biggest Putting off reading improvement with this type of reasoning is one of the biggest mistakes you can make in your language-learning planning.mistakes you can make in your language-learning planning. The purpose of reading practice is far more than just improving reading The purpose of reading practice is far more than just improving reading prehension. Through reading your can improve your English ability in so many Through reading your can improve your English ability in so many ways. By coming into contact with new words and being able to understand their ways. By coming into contact with new words and being able to understand their meaning, you are able to increase your word power. The same is true for idioms. meaning, you are able to increase your word power. The same is true for idioms. Through repeated contact with new and not-so-familiar sentence construction, you Through repeated contact with new and not-so-familiar sentence construction, you improve your understanding of grammar. With this increase in knowledge and use of improve your understanding of grammar. With this increase in knowledge and use of vocabulary, idioms, and grammar, your writing ability will improve, your speaking vocabulary, idioms, and grammar, your writing ability will improve, your speaking ability will improve, and even your listening comprehension will improve, too.ability will improve, and even your listening comprehension will improve, too. v The best title for the passage is______________. The best title for the passage is______________. A. A. “The Purpose of ReadingThe Purpose of Reading” B. B. “The Importance of ReadingThe Importance of Reading” C. C. “The Importance of Language AbilityThe Importance of Language Ability” D. D. “The Improvement of Reading The Improvement of Reading AbilityAbility”LOGO Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart.countries sometimes seem to be miles apart. Last Thursday Britain and France celebrated the 100th anniversary Last Thursday Britain and France celebrated the 100th anniversary（周年纪（周年纪念）念）of the signing of a friendship agreement of the signing of a friendship agreement …The agreement marked a new The agreement marked a new beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate partnership. partnership. But their relationship has been ups and downs over the past century. But their relationship has been ups and downs over the past century... .. The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in which the two sides see the world.which the two sides see the world. Whatever the answer is, as both sides celebrate 100 years of Whatever the answer is, as both sides celebrate 100 years of “doubtful doubtful friendshipfriendship”, they are at least able to make jokes about each other. Here, they are at least able to make jokes about each other. Here’s s one: Whatone: What’s the best thing about Britains the best thing about Britain’s relationship with France? The s relationship with France? The English Channel. English Channel. v What does the last sentence mean?What does the last sentence mean? A. As long as the English Channel exists, no further disagreement will form A. As long as the English Channel exists, no further disagreement will form between France and Britain.between France and Britain. B. The English Channel can prevent anything unfriendly happening in both B. The English Channel can prevent anything unfriendly happening in both France and Britain.France and Britain. C. France and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the C. France and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the relationship between them.relationship between them. D. The English Channel is the largest enemy between France and Britain. D. The English Channel is the largest enemy between France and Britain. LOGO A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home after having fought in A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home after having fought in Vietnam. He called his parents from San Francisco. "Mom and Dad, I'm coming home, Vietnam. He called his parents from San Francisco. "Mom and Dad, I'm coming home, but I've a favor to ask. I have a friend. I'd like to bring him home with me."but I've a favor to ask. I have a friend. I'd like to bring him home with me." "Sure," they replied, "we'd love to meet him." "Sure," they replied, "we'd love to meet him." "There's something you should know," the son continued, "he was injured pretty "There's something you should know," the son continued, "he was injured pretty badly in the fighting. He stepped on a land mine (badly in the fighting. He stepped on a land mine (地雷地雷) and lost an arm and a leg. He ) and lost an arm and a leg. He has nowhere else to go, and I want him to live with us."has nowhere else to go, and I want him to live with us." "We're sorry to hear that, son. But, maybe we can help him find somewhere to live." "We're sorry to hear that, son. But, maybe we can help him find somewhere to live." "No, Mom and Dad, I want him to live with us." "No, Mom and Dad, I want him to live with us." "Son," said the father, "you don't know what you're asking. Someone with such a "Son," said the father, "you don't know what you're asking. Someone with such a handicap would be a terrible burden to us. We have our own lives to live, and we can't handicap would be a terrible burden to us. We have our own lives to live, and we can't let something like this interfere with our lives. I think you should just come home and let something like this interfere with our lives. I think you should just come home and forget about this guy. He'll find a way to live on his own."forget about this guy. He'll find a way to live on his own." At that point, the son hung up the phone. The parents heard nothing more from At that point, the son hung up the phone. The parents heard nothing more from him. A few days later, however, they received a call from the San Francisco police. him. A few days later, however, they received a call from the San Francisco police. Their son had died after falling from a building. The police believed he had killed Their son had died after falling from a building. The police believed he had killed himself.himself. The grief-stricken( The grief-stricken(悲痛欲绝的悲痛欲绝的) parents flew to San Francisco and were taken to the ) parents flew to San Francisco and were taken to the city morgue (city morgue (太平间太平间) to identify the body of their son. They recognized him, but to ) to identify the body of their son. They recognized him, but to their horror they also discovered something they didn't know, their son had only one their horror they also discovered something they didn't know, their son had only one arm and one leg.arm and one leg. The son killed himself because ______________. The son killed himself because ______________. A. A. he was unable to find a job.he was unable to find a job. B. B. his fatherhis father’s words greatly disappointed him and he didns words greatly disappointed him and he didn’t want to be a burden to t want to be a burden to his parents.his parents. C. C. his parents didnhis parents didn’t agree to his plan.t agree to his plan. D. D. he had lost everything he had lost everything in Vietnam.in VLOGO People have been talking about health for a long time because people People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it. Peopleknow the importance of it. People’s understanding of health also becomes s understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is closely related to another termclosely related to another term－－quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.overall satisfaction that a person gets from life. Why has the emphasis ( Why has the emphasis (重心重心) of health shifted from the absence of disease ) of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75. We can infer from the passage We can infer from the passage______________.______________. A. nowadays the emphasis of health has a broader focus because of A. nowadays the emphasis of health has a broader focus because of improvements in the quality of foodimprovements in the quality of food B. the overall quality of people's lives improved greatly in the 20th century B. the overall quality of people's lives improved greatly in the 20th century C. those who never fall ill are the truly healthy people C. those who never fall ill are the truly healthy people D. those who were born before 1900 could not have lived long D. those who were born before 1900 could not have lived LOGOv（六）（六） 观点态度题：观点态度题： 一般来说，说明文体裁客观，所以作者的态度应是客观的一般来说，说明文体裁客观，所以作者的态度应是客观的(objective)(objective)或中立的或中立的(neutral)(neutral)；而在议论文中，作者的观点往往是有所表达的，；而在议论文中，作者的观点往往是有所表达的，考生应细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语。

常见的提问方式考生应细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语常见的提问方式有：有： A: How does the author feel about A: How does the author feel about…? ? B: What B: What’s the authors the author’s attitude towardss attitude towards…? ? C: Which of the following can best describe the author C: Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude s attitude towardstowards…? ? vD: The tone of the author is ______. D: The tone of the author is ______. v 常出现的有关态度的词：常出现的有关态度的词：optimisticoptimistic（乐观的）（乐观的）, pessimistic, pessimistic（悲观（悲观的）的）, cautious, cautious（审慎的）（审慎的）, enthusiastic, enthusiastic（热情的）（热情的）, objective, objective（客观（客观的）的）, subjective, subjective（主观的）（主观的）, arbitrary, arbitrary（武断的）（武断的）, neutral, neutral（中立的）（中立的）, , positivepositive（肯定的）（肯定的）, negative , negative （否定的）（否定的） critical critical（批评的）（批评的）, , compromisingcompromising（折衷的）（折衷的）, indifferent, indifferent（漠不关心的）（漠不关心的）, ironic, ironic（讽刺（讽刺的）的）, appreciative, appreciative（欣赏的）等等。

欣赏的）等等LOGO A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made mantradition is to respect the self-made man… This attitude toward manual This attitude toward manual（体力的）（体力的）labor is now still seen many labor is now still seen many aspects of American life.aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriouslyonly comfortably but even luxuriously（豪华地）（豪华地）furnished and in furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education. in order to pay for his education. vThe authorThe author’s attitude towards manuals attitude towards manual（体力的）（体力的）labor is _______.labor is _______. A. positive A. positive B. negative C. humorous D. critical B. negative C. humorous D. LOGO Thank Thank you you 。