四级の完形填空2021/6/161 考纲解读•大学英语四级考试采用的完形填空题是：“在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约220-250词)内留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整” 从历年考题分析，完形填空的文章内容、文章体裁等都具有鲜明的特点所选体裁涵盖议论文、说明文和记叙文这些文章篇幅适中，结构严谨，文笔简练，具有很高的区分度和典型性，是考查学生真正语言能力的较好的题目最近几年的完形文章往往选取反映社会时事、介绍英美社会热点话题的内容从体裁上看主要是议论文和说明文，记叙文所占的比重较小从文章内容来看，完形填空的题材较为广泛，涉及到生活的各个方面2021/6/162 试题特点 1. 全文所设置的20个空白的间隔有的词多，有的词少其原因是设置空白需要根据语言点和考点 2. 从选项来看，每小题的4个选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类或结构，属于同一范畴20个小题的80个选项中所用到的词汇或结构基本不重复，以期增大考查的覆盖面 3. 从考查能力的重点看，是以考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主。
单纯从语法角度命制的题不多，一般需要考生把握上下文语境的逻辑关系，掌握一定的常识，理解词语的搭配等完形填空主要考查考生对语段的连贯性和一致性等特征的辨识能力，以及对一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握，检验考生综合运用语言能力2021/6/163 解题步骤 1、通读全文，明确主旨 做题之前，首先要快速通读全文，从语篇角度掌握文章的基本内容切忌读一句填一句，望文生义，盲目猜测，以致造成判断失误阅读时尤其要注意全文的第一句话第一句一般不留空，它既能让考生了解文章的主题，又是对下文的重要提示 2、先整体，后局部 由于完形填空的题目是以语篇为基础精心设计出来的，因此应先准确把握整篇短文的含义以及上下文的逻辑关系，而不要先将注意力集中在四个选项上，这会阻碍对全句、全文的理解，延误答题时间，降低答题效率2021/6/164 解题步骤 3、先易后难，捕捉信息词 在阅读段落、了解基本内容的前提下，自上而下逐一选择，是正确的解题思路但有时考生会遇到很难确定的选择，这时可先跳过此题，将易选之项选出，提高文章的完整性，减少缺失信息的空格数;待阅读到下文获取更多信息时，再回过头来处理未选之项。
对某些选项把握不大时，尤其要注意捕捉信息词作为解题线索，利用已知线索推出未知信息完形填空的题目都可或多或少地从上下文中找到或隐或现的线索或提示 4、检查核对 20个选项全部完成后，要认真仔细检查有必要快速通读已选填好的全文，将答案带入文中，根据语汇词义、语法结构、语篇逻辑三条线索检查选项是否符合上下文含义，与作者观点是否一致，语法关系(包括人称、搭配、时态、语态、单复数等等)是否正确2021/6/165 测试内容•四级考试的完形填空所测试的内容大致分为4类：•1. 语境词汇题；•2. 固定搭配题；•3. 语法结构题；•4. 逻辑推理题 2021/6/166 测试内容の语境词汇题 大学英语四级考试完形填空对词汇的考查在很大程度上与上下文的语境有关，也就是填入哪个单词要依赖于试题的上文或下文，从已知信息中推论出未知信息，这是大学英语四级考试完形填空考查的重点和方向，同时要注意填入的单词和周围单词的语义搭配问题 为了达到文章衔接和连贯的目的，文章中的词汇会通过不同的方式复现出来词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。
词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概括词复现四类我们可以利用词汇在文章中的复现关系来解答完形填空试题 2021/6/167 测试内容の语境词汇题1. 原词复现 原词复现是指相同的单词在原文中反复出现，达到文章衔接的目的，我们可以利用这种衔接方法找到要填入的单词在原文中的同现词，也就找到了试题的答案举个例子，请看下面一段中文，并补上其中的词： 卡夫卡在去世的前一年，和他最后的情人住在维也纳有一天他在路上散步，看到一位小女孩丢了____，正哭得伤心卡夫卡安慰小女孩，说玩偶并不是丢了，而是厌倦了一成不变的生活，出去旅行了 选项：A. 玩具 B. 狗狗 C. 宝贝 D. 玩偶2021/6/168 测试内容の语境词汇题 再看下面的这道题： Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The _____ go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost。
2004.12) 67.A) formal B) way C) method D) fashion 【解析】试题所在句子的含义是“购买物品或服务的实际上会让你省钱或者增加成本”句中的单词purchasing 是第一句buying 的同义词复现并且第二句话和第一句话之间是并列关系，因此第67题的答案也在第一句话中，是单词way的原词复现，因此选B) 2021/6/169 测试内容の语境词汇题2. 同义词或近义词复现 同义词复现是指相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到文章衔接的目的在完形填空试题中，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，也就找到了试题的答案这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现 The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost… Before you buy an expensive 84, or a service, do check the price…(2004.12) 84.A) item B) element C) particle D) component 【解析】本题所在的短语buy an expensive和上文中的purchasing an article是同义关系。
要填入的单词是单词article(物品)的同义词，因此选项A)是正确答案 2021/6/1610 再看下面的这道题： Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students.………… It is the ________ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. A. student's b. professor's C. assistant's D. librarian's 从前面的responsibilities for learning lie with the students可以判断查找材料也应该是"学生"的责任，所以答案为A 2021/6/1611 测试内容の语境词汇题3. 反义词复现 反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到文章衔接的目的我们可以利用文章的这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。
Forcing yourself to recall (almost) never helps because it doesn’t 81 your memory; it only tightens it1995.1) 81. A) loosen B) weaken C) decrease D) reduce 【解析】前后两部分互为解释，一为肯定，一为否定，为反义复现从下文的tighten可以判断，上文应该是选loosen 2021/6/1612 看下面的这道题: There are four types of blood. ____ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. 67. A. All B. Most C. No D. Some 并列连词and说明前后语意一致，那么，前后应该是反义复现，与no反义的自然是A. 2021/6/1613 测试内容の语境词汇题再看下面的这道题： when our friends are happy and “up”, that tends to influence us positively, when they are “down”, that can have a ______ impact on us. 75.A）relative B）decisive C）negative D）sensitive 本题选自2007年12月22日的大学英语四级考试的真题，正确答案为C）negative，相信大家已经看明白了，本题单纯研究四个选项是不会有结果的，真正的提示线索在前文中出现过的Positively，两句话说法基本一致，但是方向相反，这也是一种复现结构。
2021/6/1614 测试内容の固定搭配题 固定搭配题在完形填空中占了15%左右的比重，在大学英语四级考试完形填空中主要考查的固定搭配题包括对动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语的考查我们平时应积累和掌握尽可能多的固定短语，只有这样才能在这一部分得到高分 They are _______ of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again2007.6) 79. A) seeking B) dreaming C) longing D) searching 【解析】题目中空格后为of，四个选项中seek常与for，after搭配，long与for搭配，dream与of搭配，search与for搭配因此选项B)为正确答案 2021/6/1615 测试内容の固定搭配题 The man who (invented) the machines of the Industrial Revolution __76__ from many backgrounds and many occupations. 76. A. came B. arrived C. stemmed D. appeared 该题选项中只有一个可与from搭配，即A。
At meal times it is a good (idea) to give a child a small portion and let him _73__ back for a second helping rather than give him as (much) as he is likely to eat all at once. 73. A. ask B. come C. return D. take 从搭配上而言，B，D都是正确的，但take back表示"收回前言，承认自己是错误的"，与本题语义不符这里只表示"回来"，所以答案是B 2021/6/1616 测试内容の固定搭配题 These highways generally (connect) large urban centers which means that they become crowded with ___78_ traffic during rush hours. 78. A. large B. fast C. light D. heavy 用来修饰traffic的有light/heavy。
根据上文中crowded和下文rush hours可以判断这里的正确搭配应是heavy traffic The initial effort to recall __77__ the mind for operation. 77. A. leads B. begins C. helps D. prepares 本题答案为D，prepare …for表示"使……做好……准备"2021/6/1617 测试内容の固定搭配题 The more knowledge students have (about) the school, the easier it will be for them to __90__ to the new environment. 90. A. fit B. suit C. yield D. adapt 使自己适应新的环境应是adapt oneself to But they will also __72__ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a (whole). 72. A. pass B. reach C. come D. go 本题中跟与beyond搭配的只有选项D 2021/6/1618 测试内容の固定搭配题 He is faced in his daily work __80__ differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. A. toward B. with C. to D. at 与be faced搭配的介词是with。
But (if) you were to remove the skin you could not __64__ anything about the race to which the individual belonged. 64.A speak B. talk C. tell D. mention 从搭配功能上讲，只有tell可接something about 2021/6/1619 测试内容の固定搭配题 But they also (go) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __73__. 73. A. whole B. part C. unit D. total 本题答案为A，构成as a whole的搭配，意为“作为整体” By the time the easier questions are answered, answers _88__ the more difficult ones will usually come into the consciousness. 88. A. to B. of C. about D. for 本题所考查的实际上是名词与介词的搭配，答案为A。
2021/6/1620 测试内容の固定搭配题 The man had to (circle) the airport several times in order to become __85_ with the controls of the plane. 85. A. intimate B. familiar C. understood D. close 从搭配上来看，只有B是正确的;从语意角度上讲也应该是B在机场上空盘旋目的是为了熟悉飞机的驾驶操作，以便安全降落 Then they answer first the ones __85__ which they are most confident. 85. A. of B. with C. for D. in which所引导的是定语从句，所填介词是从句中介词的提前，根据从句中介词的搭配，答案应是D，"对……很自信"应该是be confident in 2021/6/1621 测试内容の语法结构题 四级考试完形填空常考的语法项目有：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、宾语从句、虚拟语气、倒装结构等。
做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确 “We started thinking of _______ to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories2006.6) 86. A) what B) how C) whether D) when 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法在名词性从句中，what要作语法成分，作主语或宾语同时宾语从句的引导词可以放在不定式的前面，形成引导词加不定式的特殊结构，因此选A) 2021/6/1622 测试内容の语法结构题•If all places __87_ alike, there would be little need for geographers. 87. A. being B. are C. be D. were 本题是对虚拟从句中时态的考查首先，从主句的时态可以判断这是个虚拟条件句，从句中应该使用虚拟语气。
四个选项中只有D是虚拟语气的结构，答案为D• Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions _89__ a ground-work had not been laid by scientists years before. 89. A. as B. if C. because D. while 本题所考查的是虚拟条件从句与其它从句的区别从上下文的语义和主从句的时态可以判断，这里是虚拟语气，答案为B 2021/6/1623 测试内容の语法结构题 He invited a lot of people to his birthday party, all of ____ were professors. A. them B. whom C. which D. those 这句话涉及定语从句的辨别如果填them，就成了一个简单句，但两句之间没有连词，不符合英语的句法要求如果填whom则为非限制性定语从句，对主句内容进行补充说明 Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to place __88_ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a (chance) to get a fresh, clean (view) of the world. 88. A. there B. which C. when D. where 定语从句关系词的考查题。
其中三个选项都可做定语从句的关系词根据定语从句的先行词，以及先行词在从句中的作用，选D 2021/6/1624 测试内容の语法结构题 The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new __79__ is better and higher than anything (in) the past. 79. A. that B. what C. whichever D. whatever 先行词是something，关系词在从句中做主语，说明关系词应该是that These highways generally (connect) large urban centers which means that they become crowded with (heavy) traffic during rush hours, __79_ the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route. 79. A. when B. for C. but D. that 从句所表达的是什么时候这种直接快捷的高速公路变得如此缓慢，是对的解释，先行词为时间，关系词在从句中做状语，说明答案为A。
2021/6/1625 测试内容の语法结构题 Human brains are the (same). No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will (vary) in size, but this occurs within every race. __70_ does size have anything to do with intelligence. 70. A. Only B. Or C. Nor D. So Under __79__ circumstance must a child be coaxed (or) forced to eat. 79. A. some B. such C. such D. no 以上两题中都是采用了倒装语序了倒装语序而四个选项中只有一个为否定词按照含有否定意味的词提前，主谓倒装的原则，两题都应选择否定词第一题答案为C，表示人脑的大小同智力也没有什么关系；第二题答案为D，表示在任何情况下都不应该强迫或哄骗孩子进食。
2021/6/1626 测试内容の逻辑推理题 完形填空不仅是对词汇和语法的考查,对句子之间逻辑关系的判断也是考查的重点逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、列举关系、解说关系、分类关系、比较关系、对照关系等解答逻辑推理题需要理顺要填入的逻辑关系词前后文的语义，从中判断两句话之间的关系 One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly lock the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. _______ when they get the answers right, some are just guessing. (2004.6) 71.A) Even B) Though C) Thus D) So 【解析】根据上文说“三分之二的人不能正确判断内战发生在1850年到1900年之间”下文又说“即使他们说出了正确答案，一些人也仅仅是猜测”所以此处用副词even “即使……也……”，以加强语气 2021/6/1627 测试内容の逻辑推理题① The foreign research scholar usually isolates (himself) in the laboratory as a means of protection; __77_, what he needs is to be fitted (with) a highly organized university system quite different from (that) at home. 77. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also 外籍研究学者习惯于将自己关闭在实验室之内，而他们所需要的却是溶入与他们原来所处的教育体系不同的体系之内。
从上下文来看，两句的关系为转折转折转折转折，所以答案为C 2021/6/1628 测试内容の逻辑推理题② …………a geographer might be described (as) one who observes, records, and explains the (differences) between places. If all places (were) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, (that) no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __89_, is a point of view, a special way of (looking) at places. 89. A. still B. then c. nevertheless D. moreover 在讨论了对地理学的研究之后，于文章的最后结论道，"地理学也是一种观点，一种观察不同地区的特殊方法"由此可见，答案为B 2021/6/1629 测试内容の逻辑推理题 ③ In the United States, professor have many other duties (besides) teaching, such as administrative or research work. __87__ the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (limited). 87. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Nevertheless 因为教授们的工作很多，不只是教学，所以他们能与学生在一起的时间比较有限。
从上下文的逻辑关系来看，应该是因果因果关系，答案为C 2021/6/1630 测试内容の逻辑推理题④ The plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyone's (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to (circle) the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the plane. __86__ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible (moment) came when he had to land. 86. A. Then B. Therefore C. But D. Moreover 飞机又爬到空中，在机场盘旋了几次，"驾驶员"也熟悉了飞机的操作，似乎危险已过，但情况远非如此从下文中所介绍的飞机降落时的情况可以看出86答案应该是C 2021/6/1631 测试内容の逻辑推理题 ⑤ A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply - all these were important (factors) in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. _____ they were not enough. Something (else) was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men. 72. A. But B. Besides C. And D. Even 文章首先介绍财富，资源，劳动力在工业革命中的作用，然后笔锋一转提出文章的主题，发明机器的人。
从这关系上看，应是转折转折连词答案为A 2021/6/1632 结结束束语语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！ 。