PunctuationPunctuation marks are symbols that indicate the structure and organization of writing, as well as intonation and pauses to be observed when reading.What is Punctuation?Punctuation helps to clarify and sometimes emphasize the meaning of a sentence. It is necessary to learn all the punctuation marks correctly.The Role of Punctuation1.The Comma2.The Period / The Full Stop3.The Semicolon4.The Colon5. The Question Mark6. The Exclamation Mark7. Quotation Marks8. Parentheses9. Brackets10. The Dash11. The Slash12. Italics and Underlining13. ApostrophePunctuations in English1. The Comma (,)1. 在并列句中，连词（and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet）的前面用逗号。
2. 状语从句或短语（包括介词短语和分词短语）如放在句子的主语前面，或放在句子中间时，后面应用逗号3. 在句子中起同样作用的一系列词或短语要用逗号分开4. 非限定性从句或短语和句子的主要部分之间要用逗号隔开5. 插入语的前后用逗号分开2. The Period (.)1. 句号用在陈述句，语气舒缓的祈使句和间接引语问句之后2. 缩略词一般加句号3. 稍稍分开的三个句号就成了省略号，表示在引语中省略了一个或更多的词3. The Semicolon (;)1.两个并列从句之间如不用连词（and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet），则应用分号2.如从句内已有标点，即使句中有连词仍应用分号3.如若干分句项内已有逗号，可用分号将各项分开4.如某一从句内带有省略，可用分号把它和别的从句联系起来；省略处有时用逗号标出4. The Colon (:)1.冒号可引进解释、小结或同位语2.冒号用于引语或陈述句之前3.冒号在记时间时用来区分小时与分钟；在记赛事比分时用来区分两队比分；在公事信函中放在称呼之后；在演讲稿中放在对主席和听众的称呼之后5. The Question Mark (?)1.问号用在直接问句之后，间接问句后不用问号。
2.陈述句和祈使句被用作问句时，句末也加问号3.一个问句涉及多项时，各项之后皆可打问号4.放在括号中的问号表示不能肯定它前面的那个词、数字或日期是否准确6. The Exclamation Mark (!)1.感叹号用于感叹句末或者抒发某种强烈感情的感叹词或短语之后2.有时在表示愿望的口号之后用感叹号7. Quotation Marks (“ ” / )1.直接引语，不论是对话还是书中引文里的直接引语，两端都用双引号（间接引语不用引号）引语中的引语则用单引号2.在打印的文稿中，一段较长的引语各行之间不留空行；两侧都缩进，或只在左侧缩进引号可用可不用如引文又分几段，每段的开头和最后一段的末端可加引号，其他段末端都不加3.记录两人或更多人谈话时，每个人说的话，表示说的动词以及有关的描写，不管长短，都应成一段4.文章、短篇故事、短诗及歌曲等的题目和书中各章节的题目，应用引号标出但书刊名称应用斜体字或下划线标明5.有特殊意义的词有时用引号括起来8. Parentheses ( )1.圆括号用来标明插入性的、补充性的或注释性的词语2.表明细目的数字或字母一般放在圆括号中9. Brackets ( )1.方括号里是引用者对引语加以修改或说明的部分。
2.如圆括号中还需用括号，则用方括号代替圆括号10. The Dash ()1.破折号表示思想的中断或语气的改变2.破折号表示话没说完或被打断的话3.破折号也可用来标出插入语4.破折号有时在一系列名词之后引出一个总结性的从句5.有些作家在叙述对话时用破折号代替引号6.破折号有时可用来标明副标题或引文的作者11. The Slash (/)1.斜线表示两项皆可采用2.在连续地抄写诗句时，可用斜线分开原来的诗行3.句中的分数中分子和分母用斜线分开4.斜线有时表示“每”的意思12. Italics and Underlining (abc / abc)1.书籍、杂志、报纸、剧本、长诗、影片及歌剧的名称要用下划线或斜体字标明2.英语中外来词应用下划线或斜体字标明3.船只、飞机和艺术作品的名称一般用下划线或斜体字标明4.提及某一词或字母时，应用下划线或斜体字5.下划线或斜体字有时表示强调13. Apostrophe ()lA contraction is formed when two words are combined to make one word. An apostrophe is used to show where letters are omitted in forming the contraction.I + will = Illdo + not = dontlTo show ownership or possession, we can use such words as belongs to, possessed by, owned by, or (most commonly) of.the umbrella that belongs to Markthe toys possessed by childrenthe tape recorder owned by the schoolthe gentleness of my fatherContraction: A word, as wont from will not, or phrase, as oclock from of the clock, formed by omitting or combining some of the sounds of a longer phrase.Abbreviation: A shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form, such as Mass. for Massachusetts or USMC for United States Marine Corps.Acronym: A word formed from the initial letters of a name, such as WAC for Womens Army Corps, or by combining initial letters or parts of a series of words, such as radar for radio detecting and ranging. 。