正式语言与非正式语言、口语与书面语区别 1.从词汇选取来看语体区别 A. 名词 (a) 抽象名词作主语 抽象名词作主语多见于书面体、正式用语,如：The success of the book brought him tremendous popularity. (very formal) The book was highly successful and made him a very popular writer. (colloquial口语) (b) 以表达事物名词作为普通属于人行为、动作主体时,常用于书面体；在口语体中,普通采用较朴实说法(如:把书面体中动词改为意义相近其她动词,或改为以人为主语)如：His knowledge is insufficient to enable him to complete this task. (formal)He is not competent enough to do this job. (colloquial)The manufacture of these goods is acquiring importance as an industry. (formal)The manufacture of these goods is becoming an important industry. (colloquial) (c) 有反复主语句子 有反复主语句子普通只用于日惯用语,不用于正式场合,如：Jim and I took the long road. (formal)Jim and I，we took the long road. (informal) (d) 以there为开首句子,主语与谓语在数上一致是正式语言,不一致是非正式语言。
There are a group of children ready to sing songs. (formal)There is a group of children ready to sing songs. (informal) (e) 所有格 The hood of the car is insulated（绝缘）. (formal)The car’s hood is insulated. (informal) (f) 缩略语与全称 正式语言惯用全称,非正式语言惯用缩略语虽然在正式语言中用缩略语状况越来越多,但在非正式语言中缩略语用得更多,如:TV，VOA，BBC，VIP，etc. 固然在某些个别场合，书面语中可用缩略语，而口语中不使用 (g) 关于单复数 在泛指时,用复数偏通俗化,用the加单数比较文气,如:The cow is a useful animal. (a little literary) Cows are useful animals. (a little vulgar)B. 形容词 口语体中所用形容词往往是人们最惯用形容词,这些形容词往往一词多义；而书面体中所用形容词则往往不那么惯用,这些形容词含义往往不如口语体中所用形容词含义那么广泛,但其含义却往往具体、有特殊性。
C. 副词 与形容词同形英文副词往往用于口语,但诗歌中有时也用这种形式然而,这些词却很少用于其她方面正式用语如： Work slowly and steadily. (formal) Work slow and steady. (informal)D. 介词 在某些状语或定语中,省略介词属于口语,保存介词属于书面语如：It happened the day he did the experiment. (informal) It happened on the day on which he did the experiment. (formal) I’ll come in the following spring. (formal) I’ll come the following spring. (colloquial) E. 代词 (a) 口语中多省略作主语代词如:Haven’t seen you for ages！(informal)(b) 关于mine，his，yours，ours当mine，his，yours，ours等物主代词作宾语或表语时,可用于书面语,也可用于口语。
但假如这种物主代词(或名词所有格)作主语放在句首,并暗指表语名词所用概念,那就是一种比较文雅说法了如：His (or Mr. Li’s) is a noble character. 在寻常口语中普通这样用:His (or Mr. Li’s) character is a noble one. / He has a noble character.但下面此类句子对书面语和口语都合用:Your teacher and mine are talking in the room.(c) we，I在某些正式场合,作者或演讲人为了表达谦虚,往往避免用I,而用we代替如:As we showed a moment ago ... (formal)As I said a moment ago ... (not so formal)(d) you，we用we代替you是一种表达客气语言如:Don’t worry about your shoes！(imperative)Why don’t we not worry about your shoes，OK ?(polite)(e) you，one在翻译中文"任何人"、"谁都"等时,译成one为formal language,译成you为informal language。
如: One must love one’s country. (formal) You must love your country. (informal)(f) 关于I，me，he，him，etc. He says she saw you and me. (formal) He says she saw you and I. (informal) F. 动名词 在书面语中,普通用物主代词或名词所有格来修饰动名词短语,以表达行为者如:Mr. Li dislikes Zhang Hui’s coming home late.There will be little chance of my visiting the place again.Li Wen’s falling ill suddenly gave me a surprise.口语中普通以代词宾格或名词普通格加分词、for加宾语加不定式、从句、独立句等方式表达如:Mr. Li dislikes Zhang Hui coming home late.There will be little chance for me to visit the place again.Li Wen fell ill suddenly. This gave me a surprise.G. 关于缩写用缩写形式多为非正式语言,而用非缩写形式多为正式语言,如:do not，we are，I am，I have，there is，cannot，will not等多见于正式语言,而don’t，we’re，I’m，I’ve，there’s，can’t，won’t多见于非正式语言。
exam，bike等多用于口语,examination，bicycle等多用于书面语oh，dear，why，well等是口语中常用感慨词 2. 从句法来看语体区别A. 修饰语 在书面文字中,修饰语可以与中心词相隔较远,修饰语也可以较长,而在口语中则相反如： There exist complex computations in science and engineering which people are unable to make. (written) There are complex computations in science and engineering，and people are unable to make those computations. (colloquial) B. 句子长短 普通来说,书面语句子较长,口语句子较短a) 议论文、商业或法律公文等书面语不仅惯用较长修饰语,并且有时用较长插入语,甚至插入语中尚有插入语但在普通口语中则不用较长插入语惯用较短插入语有:of course，for example，I believe，I think，you see，you know，to be frank，etc.(b) 在书面语中,一种句子有时有好几种关系代词；而口语中关系代词则用很少,往往被提成几种简朴句。
如：These needles，which were made of fish-shaped pieces of iron that floated on water，were acted on by the earth’s magnetic field. (formal) These needles were made of fish-shaped pieces of iron that floated on water. They were acted on by the earth’s magnetic field. (informal)C. 关于时态 在当前口语中,有时用过去时代替当前完毕时如： —Is anybody using this chair? —No. I saved it for you. 在口语中惯用当前时代替将来时如： She is coming tomorrow. 在口语中有时用普通当前时阐明一种已经发生了动作如: He says it is very important.D. 虚拟语调(a)不够熟悉人之间对话,或在正式场合演讲、对话时,普通用虚拟语调来陈述自己见解、提出祈求或邀请、提出建议或劝告、提出问题。
如: If Mr. Wang was here now，he would tell you about it. (informal) If Mr. Wang were here now，he would tell you about it. (formal)(b) 有某些表达主观愿望和情绪形容词,如desirous等规定背面状语从句谓语动词用虚拟语调,这种构造重要用于书面语中,口语中往往用不定式来代替这种从句如： He was anxious that we should stay for dinner. (formal) He was anxious to have us stay for dinner. (informal)E. 语序 在书面语中,为了使句子平衡对称，或为了表达强调,常把状语、表语、宾语等成分放在句首,并将主谓顺序颠倒过来；而口语体则普通用自然语序F. 关于省略(a) 在正式文字或正式场合对话中,普通要用完整句子在口语中用省略句较多,重要是为了节约时间,使对话自然、生动、简洁、有力如:Where to go now?Why not do。