Passive vs. Active •English •Syntactic passive﹥ notional passive•Chinese• Syntactic passive ﹤notional passive Reason for the frequent usage of syntactic passive in English•Agent not to be mentioned•Thematic cohesion•Add variety to writing•Stylistic feature BEI construction •被，让，给，叫，挨，受，遭，蒙，见•BEI Construction constraints:•Meaning: unpleasant or undesirable thing•Form: agent expressed after “被” Notional passive•Receptor as subject with active voice•Subjectless and subject-omitted sentence•Generic person as subject•Other alternative sentence pattern把字式，将字式，“为……所”式，“是……的”式， “……的是”式， “……加以 / 予以”式 The Translation of Passive Voice•Another verb•Another subject / No subject•Receptor as subject with active voice•Alternative sentence pattern•BEI construction Another verb:•American government is filled with procedures designed to assure that interested persons may comment on policies before decisions are made.•美国政府有有许多工作程序，为的是保证在作出决定之前相关人士都能对决策表示意见。
•Well, are you tempted after reading this advertisement?•怎么样，看了这幅广告后，你动心动心了吗？ Another subject:•Many new opportunities will be opened up in the course of time for those with a university education.•今后，具有大学文化水平的人具有大学文化水平的人将会获得很多新的就业机会•Their friendship was turned to enmity through idle gossips.•流言蜚语流言蜚语使他们之间的友情变成了怨仇 Receptor as subject with active voice•Western Europes’ 10 percent jobless rate is expected to hit 12 percent by mid-1984.•西欧的失业率估计估计到1984年年中会达到12%，目前是10%•Universities and high schools, offices and factories, were combed for recruits.•大学和中学、机关和工厂，到处都在搜罗在搜罗兵员。
Alternative sentence pattern:•I was received by a tall, lithe, vibrant woman in her 70’s white-haired, and still beautiful.•接待我的是接待我的是一位高挑轻盈，满头银发的女人，她虽然年逾古稀，仍神采奕奕，风韵犹存 •Nationalized in 1951 by a Labor government, the British steel industry was denationalized by the Conservatives in 1953, then renationalized by Labor in 1967.•1951年，工党政府把把英国钢铁工业收为国有收为国有1953年，保守党政府把把它退归私营退归私营然后，1967年工党政府又把把它国有化国有化Alternative sentence pattern: BEI construction: •“The Americans do not understand our fears,” said one West German Government official. “The United States is still a good way from the front. We would be hit first --- and hardest.”•“美国人不理解我们的忧虑”，西德政府一位官员说。
美国离前线还很远我们将首先受到打击受到打击，而且是最沉重的。