单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,*,,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,现在完成时的被动语态,,,,一、基本构成：现在完成时的被动语态由,“,have/has,,been,＋过去分词,”,构成，其中第三人称单数用,has,，第三人称复数及其余人称用,have,现在完成时被动语态的各种句式：,,[,肯定式,]have/has,＋,been,＋,done,,Your,,computer,,has,,been,,repaired.,,你的电脑已经修好了[,否定式,]have/has,＋,not,＋,been,＋,done,,The,,desks,,have,,not,,been,,cleaned.,,这些桌子还没有擦干净[,疑问式,]Have/Has,＋主语＋,been,＋,done?,,—Has,,the,,door,,been,,painted,？那扇门粉刷了吗？,,—No,，,it,,hasn,’,t.,不，还没有二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法,,1,．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果当动词为短暂动词时，可与,already,或,yet,连用，但不能与,for,或,since,引导的表示一段的时间状语连用。
I,’,m,,sorry,，,but,,the,,letters,,haven,’,t,,been,,typed,,yet.,,很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件,),,The,,work,,has,,already,,been,,finished.,,工作已完成了结果是，现在不用做这项工作了,),2,．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用，或用于,How,,long...,？句型中The,,plan,,has,,been,,discussed,,for,,nearly,,2,,hours.,,这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了3,．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态You,,can,,go,,home,,as,,soon,,as,,your,,task,,has,,been,,finished.,,你的任务一完成就可以回家三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点,,1,．现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即,have/has,和,been,，两者缺一不可。
2,．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况有联系The,,library,,was,,built,,last,,year.,这座图书馆是去年修成的The,,library,,has,,been,,built.,这座图书馆已经修好了3,．非延续性动词，如,borrow,，,finish,，,begin,，,start,，,buy,，,marry,，,open,，,join,等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态How,,long,,has,,he,,joined,,the,,army,？,(×),,How,,long,,has,,he,,been,,in,,the,,army,？,(,√,),,他参军多长时间了？,,点津：,这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与,since,或,for,构成的时间状语连用2010·,福建卷,)Every,,year,,a,,flood,,of,,farmers,,arrive,,in,,Shenzhen,,for,,the,,moneymaking,,jobs,,they________before,,leaving,,their,,hometowns.,,A,．,promised,,B,．,were,,promised,,C,．,have,,promised,,D,．,have,,been,,promised,解析：,,考查时态和语态。
job,与,promise,之间为被动关系，故应考虑被动语态形式，再考虑到,“,before leaving their hometowns,”,，表示动作已经发生，故用完成时所以现在完成时的被动式为正确形式答案：,,D,(2009·,全国卷,Ⅰ,)His,,sister,,left,,home,,in,,1998,，,and________since.,,A,．,had,,not,,been,,heard,,of,,,B,．,has,,not,,been,,heard,,of,,C,．,had,,not,,heard,,of,,,D,．,has,,not,,heard,,of,解析：,,考查谓语动词的时态和语态 句意为：他姐姐在,1998,年离开了家，此后人们再也没有听到她的消息根据句意可知应用被动语态，句中的,since,暗示应用现在完成时，因此答案为,B,答案：,,B,(2008·,陕西卷,)Though,,we,,don,’,t,,know,,what,,was,,discussed,，,yet,,we,,can,,feel,,the,,topic________.,,A,．,had,,changed,,B,．,will,,change,,C,．,was,,changed,,D,．,has,,been,,changed,解析：,,考查动词时态、语态。
句意为：尽管我们不知道讨论的内容，但我们能感觉到讨论的话题变了根据题意，句子应用被动结构，排除,A,项和,B,项，又根据时态一致，排除,C,项答案：,,D,Ⅰ,.,用所给词的适当形式填空,,1,．,Great,,changes________,,________,,________(take,,place) in,,my,,village,,since,,2008.,,答案：,,have,,taken,,place,,2,．,The,,tickets________,,________,,________,,________(already,,sell) out.You,,won,’,t,,get,,one,,as,,you,,want.,,答案：,have,,already,,been,,sold,3,．,________the,,program________,,________(develop) yet,？,If,,not,，,you,’,d,,better,,get,,it,,ready,,as,,soon,,as,,possible.,,答案：,,Has,；,been,,developed,,4,．,—Are,,you,,going,,to,,the,,party?,,—No,，,I________,,________,,________(not,,invite),,yet.,,答案：,haven,’,t,,been,,invited,5,．,Jack________,,________,,________(tell) the,,news,，,so,,you,,needn,’,t,,call,,him,,up.,,答案：,,has,,been,,told,,6,．,More,,than,,5,000,,used,,bikes________,,________,,________(collect) since,,the,,two,,brothers,,set,,up,,the,,organisation.,,答案：,,have,,been,,collected,7,．,Since,,the,,cause,,of,,this,,disease________,,________,,________(discover),，,now,,we,,need,,to,,develop,,the,,medicine,,to,,treat,,it.,,答案：,,has,,been,,discovered,,8,．,Every,,possible,,means________,,________,,________(try) to,,stop,,the,,bad,,behavior,，,but,,they,,don,’,t,,work,,at,,all.,,答案：,,has,,been,,tried,9,．,Over,,the,,past,,ten,,years,，,this,,town________,,________,,________(hit) twice,,by,,earthquakes.,,答案：,,has,,been,,hit,,10,．,Her,,novel,,is,,very,,popular,,among,,people,,of,,all,,ages,；,so,,far,,it________,,________,,________(translate) into,,25,,languages.,,答案：,,has,,been,,translated,Ⅱ,.,单项填空,,1,．,—Is,,the,,meeting,,held,,in,,Room,,302,,or,,303?,,—It,,should,,be,,302.But,,I,,hear,,that,,it________till,,tomorrow.,,A,．,was,,put,,off,,B,．,will,,put,,off,,C,．,has,,been,,put,,off,,D,．,is,,put,,off,解析：,根据句意应是,“,我听说会议已推迟到明天了,”,。
put,,off,,(,推迟,),，与,meeting,之间为被动关系会议现在已被推迟，故用现在完成时的被动语态答案：,,C,2,．,—What,,happened,,to,,the,,postman?,,—I,,don,’,t,,know.He________around,,here,,for,,a,,long,,time.,,A,．,hasn,’,t,,seen,,,B,．,didn,’,t,,see,,C,．,wasn,’,t,,seen,,,D,．,hasn,’,t,,been,,seen,解析：,由时间状语,for,,a,,long,,time,可知到说话时为止很长时间没有见到邮递员了，邮递员与看见之间为动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，所以选,D,项答案：,,D,3,．,Till,,now,，,three,,films________in,,our,,village,,this,,month.,,A,．,have,,shown,,B,．,have,,been,,shown,,C,．,were,,shown,,D,．,will,,be,,shown,解析：,,考查时态及语态。
由时间状语,till,,now,,“,直到现在,”,可知用现在完成时，又因,film,与,show,之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态答案：,,B,4,．,Every,,possible,,means________to,,save,,the,,wounded,,soldier,,up,,to,,now.,,A,．,was,,tried,,B,．,were,,tried,,C,．,have,,been,,tried,,D,．,has,,been,,tried,解析：,由时间状语,up,,to,,now,可知应用现在完成时另外，主语,means,与,try,之间为被动关系，故用被动语态means,为单复数同形的单词，由其前的,every,可知此处作单数名词，故选,D,项答案：,,D,5,．,The,,boys________many,,times,,not,,to,,swim,,in,,that,,lake,，,but,,it,,doesn,’,t,,make,,any,,difference.,,A,．,have,,told,,,B,．,told,,C,．,have,,been,,told,,,D,．,were,,being,,told,解析：,,根据句意可知，,the,,boys,和,tell,之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据,but,后面的分句可知，应用现在完成时，故答案选,C,项。
答案：,,C,6,．,—Can,,we,,sit,,at,,the,,table,,near,,the,,window?,,—I,’,m,,sorry,，,but,,it________already.,,A,．,was,,taken,,B,．,took,,C,．,has,,taken,,D,．,has,,been,,taken,解析：,,it,代指,the,,table,，和,take,之间是被动关系；又根据,already,和句意可知用现在完成时，故答案选,D,项答案：,,D,7,．,I,’,ve,,heard,,that,,a,,talk,,on,,American,,history________in,,the,,meeting,,room,,this,,Friday.,,A,．,is,,given,,B,．,has,,been,,given,,C,．,will,,be,,given,,D,．,gives,,解析：,根据句意，报告是在下周要做，故用一般将来时态的被动语态答案：,,C,8,．,I,,want,,to,,buy,,this,,kind,,of,,cloth,,because,,I________the,,cloth________well.,,A,．,have,,told,；,washed,,,B,．,have,,been,,told,；,washes,,C,．,have,,been,,told,；,washed,,,D,．,was,,told,；,washed,解析：,根据句意,“,因为我被告知这种布很好洗,”,可知第一空用完成时的被动语态；第二空表示主语具有的属性，用主动表被动，故用,washes,。
答案：,,B,9,．,The,,new,,dictionaries,,are,,very,,useful.They________well,,and________already.,,A,．,sell,；,have,,been,,sold,,out,,,B,．,sold,；,had,,sold,,out,,C,．,sell,；,sell,,out,,,D,．,are,,sold,；,have,,been,,sold,,out,解析：,,第一空,sell,说明主语的性质，为不及物动词用法，不能用于被动语态；第二空根据副词,already,可知,“,已卖完了,”,；且,sell,,out(,售完,),与,dictionaries,间为被动关系，故选,A,项答案：,,A,10,．,(2010·,聊城高一检测,) A,,new,,school,,library________here.It,,is,,said,,that,,they,,hope,,to,,finish,,it,,next,,month.,,A,．,will,,be,,built,,B,．,is,,built,,C,．,has,,been,,built,,D,．,is,,being,,built,解析：,由后一句,“,据说他们希望下一个月完工,”,可知目前图书馆正在建设中，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。
答案：,,D,11,．,When,,you,,get,,the,,paper,,back,，,pay,,special,,attention,,to,,what______.,,A,．,have,,marked,,B,．,have,,been,,marked,,C,．,had,,marked,,D,．,had,,been,,marked,,解析：,,根据前面的时态，此处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示已被标志的部分答案：,,B,12,．,—The,,window,,is,,dirty.,,—I,,know.It________for,,weeks.,,A,．,hasn,’,t,,cleaned,,,B,．,didn,’,t,,clean,,C,．,wasn,’,t,,cleaned,,,D,．,hasn,’,t,,been,,cleaned,解析：,考查时态及语态句意为：,——,窗户很脏——,我知道已经好几周没擦了window,和,clean,是被动关系且强调发生在过去的动作影响到现在所以要用现在完成时的被动语态答案：,,D,13,．,—Why,,does,,Lingling,,look,,so,,unhappy?,,—She________by,,her,,classmates.,,A,．,has,,laughed,,B,．,laughed,,at,,C,．,laughed,,D,．,has,,been,,laughed,,at,解析：,,答句中由,by,可知,“,她被同学笑话了,”,，,laugh,,at,短语动词，被动语态中不能省略介词。
答案：,,D,14,．,Professor,,James,,will,,give,,us,,a,,lecture,,on,,Western,,culture,，,but,,when,,to,,begin________yet.,,A,．,hasn,’,t,,been,,decided,,,B,．,haven,’,t,,decided,,C,．,isn,’,t,,being,,decided,,,D,．,aren,’,t,,decided,解析：,由时间状语,yet,可知，应用现在完成时；又因,decide,和,“,讲座开始的时间,”,存在被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态答案：,A,15,．,—How,,many,,times________not,,to,,play,,with,,fire?,,—I,’,m,,sorry.I,’,ll,,never,,do,,that,,again.,,A,．,do,,you,,tell,,B,．,had,,you,,told,,C,．,are,,you,,told,,D,．,have,,you,,been,,told,解析：,,由上下语境可知，,you,和,tell,存在被动关系，再由,how,,many,,times,可以判断，,“,告知,”,的动作已经发生过多次，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。