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1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)过去分词语法图解探究发现At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that . People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.Professor Mayer, recognised
2、by many as a leading expert in .They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students feelings compared to students who .Accused of stealing money, the man was brought to court.You pretend to be interested.Seen at a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.When asked why he was late, he
3、 went red.我的发现(1)以上句子中的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中分别作：句：宾语补足语；句、句：定语；句、句：表语；句、句、句、句：状语。(2)句中hired, promoted与宾语you之间为逻辑上的被动关系/动宾关系。(3)句、句中mistaken和interested为形容化的过去分词，表示主语所处的(被动)状态。(4)在过去分词作状语的句子中，过去分词分别作：句：原因状语；句：条件状语；句：时间状语。一、过去分词的定义及基本形式1过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，表示完成或被动意义。2过去分词的基本形式：动词原形ed，但也有不规则形式。否定形式
4、：not/never动词ed形式。二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1过去分词作定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。(1)单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词的后面。表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们冲进了大楼。Do you like to read the novels written by Guo
5、Jingming?你喜欢读郭敬明写的小说吗？名师点津有些单个的过去分词，像left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。He saved every penny, often eating food left.他节省每一分钱，常吃剩饭。(2)过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。The computer bought last week doesnt work now.The computer that was bought l
6、ast week doesnt work now.上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。Those chosen as team members must be here at 7 am tomorrow.Those who have been chosen as team members must be here at 7 am tomorrow.被挑选为队员的人必须明天早晨7点到这儿。即时演练1(1) 用所给词的适当形式填空(2017北京高考改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend)with his
7、 students.(2016全国卷)I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2)句型转换A letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.A letter posted_yesterday will reach her next week.The book given to him is an En
8、glish novel.The book that/which_was_given_to_him_is an English novel.The frightened horse ran away from the fire.The horse that/which_was_frightened ran away from the fire.2过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后，还可用于get, become等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。Mary got divorced in 2015, and she had been married to Tom for
9、 8 years by then.玛丽在2015年离婚，那时她嫁给汤姆已有8年的时间了。(2)这种系表结构和被动结构相同。但过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 pm every day.每天下午6点由一位老人来关学校大门。(被动语态，表示动作)He feels relaxed as everything is settled.他感到很轻松因为一切都安排好了。(系表结构，过去分词作表语，表示状态)名师点津过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disa
10、ppointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled等。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(福建高考改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect)The nurse has b
11、een married (marry) to Li Qian for two years. The news is interesting and Im excited (excite) about it.(福建高考改编)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2)完成句子我们是如此无聊以至于禁不住打起了哈欠。We were_so_bored_that we couldnt help yawning.吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。Jim w
12、as_ashamed_of what he said to his teacher.3过去分词作宾语补足语(1)过去分词作宾语补足语既可表示被动，又可表示完成；宾语通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。When we got to school, we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看到门被锁上了。(2)常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：过去分词用于feel, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作宾补。He didnt notice his wallet stolen.他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。过去分词用于get, ha
13、ve, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。过去分词用于with复合结构作宾语补足语。With the task finished, he went home happily.任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2015陕西高考改编)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mo
14、ther taken (take) good care of at home.The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered (cover) with snow.I had/got my bike stolen (steal) last night. The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.(2)单句改错The old man had his foot injuring in the fa
15、ll.injuringinjuredThe boy was crying with the toy break.breakbrokenOn the way home I found my wallet missed.missedmissingWe covered him with only his face exposing.exposingexposed4过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。United, we stand; divided, we fall.(作条件状语)谚语团结则存，分裂则亡。Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately.(作原因状语)由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。The professor went into the lab, followed by his stud
