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1、SectionI“Grammar被动语怪语法精讲l被动语态的基本时帼又【语境领悟】#Bnglishstaughtinmostschools.大多数学校都教英语。wAftertheearthduakey乞siuredweretalentothospital地震发生之后伤员被送往医院。%Objectionstotheplanwillbetakenintoconsideration.对本计划的异议将予以考虑。*Hisbedroomisbeingdecorated.他的卧室正在被装修。*Themachinehasbeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。*Hiswritingshadbeentrans
2、latedintovarionslangmages.他的著作己被译成各种语言。【知识归纳】如果主语是动作的执行者,也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词用被动语态。一般现在时aImjislaredone一般过去时|was/weredone|一般将来时|wilyshallbedone沥一迹行时|amisarebeiigdone过去进行时|waswerebeingdone现在完成时|havehasbeendone过去完成旷hadbeendone【深化点拔】主动语态变成被动语态要注意的几个问题(L)吴双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种
3、方法:一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语,直接宾语(物)保持不变;二是将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。这类动词主要有:buy,give,lend,pay,show,teach,tl,offer,leave,award等。egavehersolmefionsyr他给了她一些钱。(取成被动结构)一SheWasgiyenSomeImoneybyhim.一SomemoneyWasgiyen(tojbherbyhiin.C)若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语,在变为被动语态时,要将动词短语视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。WWecarryontmanyinterestingexperime
4、nts讨ourlaboratory一Manyinterestingexperimentsarecarriedoutinourlaboratory我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。G)let,make等使役动词和see,watch,feel,notice,hear等感官动词用于被动语态时,若其后接动词不定式作补足语,这时要用带to的不定式。#Hemadeherwaitforoveranhour一SheWasmadetoWaitforoveranhour.她被迫等了一个多钟头。2,被动语态的特殊形式(U)吴有情怪动词的被动语态的结构为:情怪动词十be十过去分词。帕omethingmustbedonet
5、ostop习eseaccidents.必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故。C)“getremain十动词的过去分词“是被动语态的变形,强调结果。此结构比较常见的搭配有,getarmrested,getcanght,getconfhsed,getdelayedgetdivorced,getdressed,getdrowmed,getdrunk,getelected,getengaged,gethit,getdlled,getlostgetinanisd,gatstuck等。灵gotdressedasquicklyasIcould我尽快穿上衣服。3,生动形式表达被动含义(L)动词look,sound,
6、feel,smell,taste,seem,turm,fll,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时,后跟名词或形容词作表语,表示主语的特点。#Yourideasoundsgood.你的想法昕起来很好。CG)表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,open,stop,Imove等,用主动形式表达获动吾义*WVhendoestheconcertbegin?音乐会什么时候开始?G)表示主语属性、特性的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,lock等,用主动形式表达被动含义。该用法通常与well,easily,slowly,quicldy等副词逊用,并且在用于以上意
7、思时通常不宥直接使用被动语态形式。*Thebooksellsquicky这书销售得快。(4)有些动词或动词短语的主语蚤然是物,但不能用于被动语态,如remain,arise,eomeoat,belongtoydatsffom,Qatebackto,consistof,runout等。*bfyImoneyhasrunout.我的钱已用完了。新思维.随堂自测|生动语态变被动语态,ThegovernmentdidnttallowmentoWearmasksatnight一_MenWereniotallowedtoWearImasksatnightby也egovemimentt2,Peoplesawc
8、armivalasalastchancetohavefhnatheendof乙eWinterseason一CarnivalWa8Seenl858aStchantcetohavefattheendof习eWintersedsonbypeble3.,fyoubreakthejaws,thepolicewillputyouintoprisonu一Ifyoubreakthelaws,youwillbeputintoprisonbythepolice.4,SheoftenusesupallhermoneyeveryImonth.一Allhermoneyisoftenusedupbyhereverymonth.5,Thedoctordoesntallowhimtosmoke.一Heisnotallowedtosmokeby乙edoctor