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1、Chapter11.what is International Tax?What does it mainly address(探讨)?International Tax is a science focusing on a serious tax issues resulting from different and conflicting tax rules made by particular countries ,jurisdictions and resolutions(决议).International tax in a board sence covers not only in
2、come but also turnover taxes,etc.2.Talk about differences between China and USA on taxation system 1)The USA is a country with income taxes as a major tax while in China we have turn over taxes as our important taxes.2)The federal government,state government and local government of the USA have pret
3、ty rights to collect taxes,while the rights to collect taxes are mostly controlled in central government.3)The USA use comprehensive income tax system and deduct fees refers to different situation.China use itemized income tax system.4)In the respect of estate tax, real estate tax is the mainly obje
4、ct to be taxed .3.On differences among Macau,China Continent and HongKong for the purpose of tax features according to table 11)The corporate income tax rates in China Continent is the highest in these three ,to 25%.The tax base of China Continent Is worldwide while the others are territorial.2)In C
5、hina Continent we have taxes for interest,royalties,technical fees,management fees (all of them are 10% for non-resident,20%for resident ),while the others dont have them.3)China Continent have value-added tax ,while the others dont have them.4.On differences among UK,China Continent and Spain for t
6、he purpose of Corporate income tax according to table 21)Spain has the highest corporate tax rate to 32.5%.2)UK doesnt tax for many income which China Continent or Spain will tax such as Capital gains ,branch profits,dividends, technical fees and management fees.5.On differences among China Continen
7、t and foreign jurisdictions for the purpose of withholding taxes according to table 31)For branch profits, interest ,technical fees and management fees most jurisdictions dont collect tax except Ireland(collect for interest) and China Continent.2)Except Switzerland federal tax rates of dividends and
8、 interest are 35% and higher than China Continent ,other jurisdictions withholding tax rates are mostly lower or equal to China Continent.Chapter2International Income Taxation1.How does a country generally design its income taxation system?(book page50)1)territorial(领土模式）：tax only income earned with
9、in their borders.eg.HongKong.2)Residency(属人模式）:tax on the worldwide income of residents, and impose tax on the income of nonresidents from certain sources within the country. eg.the USA.3)Exclusion(例外）:specific inclusion or exclusion of certain amounts,classes,or items of income in/from the base of
10、taxation.4)Hybrid(混合模式):some governments have chosen for all or only certain classes of taxpayers, to adopt systems that are a combination of territorial, residency, or exclusionary.2.Why is it important to make clear source of income?To make clear source of income is important because it decidides
11、that whether a individual or corporation should pay tax in a country and what credits can it enjoy.3.Term explanation:Thin Capitalization;Foreign tax Credit;Withholding tax; International tax treaty; Deferral system; International transfer pricing Thin Capitalization:Thin capitalization is a method
12、that taxpayers borrow too much money from oversea related party and pay much interest, so that they can enjoy much deduction before tax.By this way,they transfer profits from high tax burden countries to low tax burden countries or jurisdictions.Foreign tax Credit（外国税收抵免）：If you paid or accrued fore
13、ign taxes to a foreign country on foreign source income and are subject to resident country tax on the same income, you may be able to take a credit for those taxes.Taken as a credit, foreign income taxes reduce your own country tax liability. Withholding tax:Withholding tax is tax withheld by the c
14、ountry when a corporation making a payment to its resident country , in which the full amount owed to that corporation is reduced by the tax withheld.International tax treaty:International tax treaty is a treaty a country (or jurisdiction) signed with other countries (or jurisdiction) for affairs ab
15、out taxation.Deferral system：Deferral system is a tax incentive (激励措施)to encourage domestic tax residence to make investment broad.But it may cause international tax avoidance.(缺点：可能造成国际避税)International transfer pricing:International transfer pricing is a very important way for multinational company
16、 to avoid international tax.Transfer pricing refers to a kind of non-market pricing action taken by related corporations to shift profits form high tax rate countries or jurisdictions to low tax rete regions.Chapter3Tax Residence1.What is the main difference between a tax resident and a non-tax resident for tax liability purpose?In general, a tax res
