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1、专题讲解- 动词短语的用法 -一、动词短语的概念有时两个词或三个词在一起构成一个固定结构，表达一种特定的含义，作用近似于一个单一动词，称为动词短语。二、分类动词短语有及物（vt.）和不及物（vi.）之分，及物动词短语必须跟宾语，不及物动词短语不跟宾语。1及物动词短语。例如：He is looking after his sister. 他正在照顾他的妹妹。She always takes care of these children. 她一直照顾这些孩子。2不及物动词短语。例如：Look out! The bus is coming. 小心！公共汽车来了。The weeks went slow
2、ly by. 一星期一星期慢慢过去了。3部分动词短语既可做及物动词短语，也可做不及物动词短语。例如：He took off his coat. 他脱下他的上衣。The plane took off at nine oclock. 飞机在九点起飞。三、及物动词短语的用法1动副及物动词短语的宾语如果是名词时，可置于动词短语之后，也可置于动词与副词之间；如果宾语是代词，则只能置于动词与副词之间，不能置于整个短语之后。例如：We will hand out the advertisements. = We will hand the advertisements out. 我们将要分发广告。If yo
3、u like it, please try it on. 如果你喜欢它，就试试。不能说成：If you like it, please try on it. 2宾语是代词，要放中间的动副短语举例如下：put on 穿上set up 建立turn off 关掉put off 脱下，推迟pick up 捡起turn on 打开put up 挂起，举起put down 放下 clean up 打扫干净write down 写下 call/ring up 打电话 cheer up 使振奋get back 取回eat up 吃光 give up 放弃look up 查阅 take off 脱下，起飞 g
4、ive away 捐赠work out 算出 cut down 砍倒 hand out 分发turn up 把声音调大 wake up 叫醒 hand in 交上来turn down 把声音调小slow down 放慢 take out 取出think up想出3宾语直接放于动词短语之后的“动词+介词”或“动词+副词+介词”词组举例如下：come up with 想出(主意) look after 照顾 look for 寻找get on 上车 agree with 同意 ask for 请求，找hear of 听说 knock at 敲（门、窗等）laugh at 嘲笑wait for 等候
5、 pay for 付钱；支付point out 指向run out of 用完四、“动词+介词”型短语 1. “动词+介词”型短语用作及物动词时，后面要跟宾语。例如：Look at the blackboard, please！请看黑板！ 2. 句首的疑问词同时用作宾语时，介词不能省略。例如：What are you playing with?你正在玩什么？Who are you talking with?你在和谁谈话？ 3. 在被动语态中，介词不能漏掉。例如：The tiger was laughed at by the fox.老虎被狐狸嘲笑了一通。五、“动词+副词”型短语动词后加上awa
6、y，out，forward等时，常构成“动副”型短语。 1. 动词后若是about，in，on，off，over，through，up，down等时，需按实际情况来确定它们是“动介”型还是“动副”型短语。但是初中阶段所学到的绝大多数都属于“动副”型短语。 2. “动副”型短语用作不及物动词时，后面不跟宾语。例如：I often go out and visit my friends.我经常外出拜访我的朋友。When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients.长大后，我要成为一名护士照看病人。 3. “动副”型短语用作及物动词后接宾语时，
7、如果宾语为名词，副词位于名词前后皆可；如果宾语为人称代词，则该代词必须位于动词和副词之间。例如：Could you turn your radio down, please?=Could you turn down your radio, please?你能不能将收音机关小一点呢？She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.她捡起钢笔并还给了我。【小试牛刀】 1. You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you it?A. ask for B. pay forC. thin
8、k about D. find out 2. Li Leis parents went to work, and he had to his grandma at home.A. look at B. look forC. look afterD. look back(回顾，回头看) 3. You have many ways to help when you are in trouble, so you neednt worry.A. play forB. pay forC. ask forD. set for 4. My mother often asks me to early ever
9、y morning and read English.A. get onB. get off（下车，下来）C. get upD. get in（进入，陷入） 5. Tom is good at maths, so he the maths problem quickly yesterday.A. found outB. gave outC. left outD. worded out6. They_dayandnight. A.aremadework B.aremadetowork C.madetobeworked D.aremakingtowork【再接再厉】（用方框内适当的词组填空。）gi
10、ve outtake aftergive awaywork output offhand out1.Ive_a new way of doing it.2.Out teacher said the meeting would be _till next week.3.I_ some clothes to charity because they were too small for me.4.Id like to work in a food bank to _food to the poor people.5.Jim _his father. They are both clever and
11、 a bit quiet.答案：1.worked out 2.put off 3.gave away 4.give out 5.takes after（语法专练)1.She_his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked forB .looked upC. looked after D. looked like答案：B动词look与不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的含义:look for寻找；look up查阅；look after照顾；look like看起来像。2.Our sports
12、meeting has beentill next Monday because of the bad weather.A. put onB. put upC. put offD. put down答案：C句意是“由于恶劣天气的影响，运动会已经被推迟到下周一举行”。3. Jimmy, your toys should be in right order.OK. Ill _them _right now.A. put; downB. put; awayC. put; upD. put; on答案：Bput down的意思是“放下”；put away意思是“收拾好”；put up意思是“建立；举起
13、”；put on意思是“穿上”。题意是:我立刻把它们“收拾好”。4. A neighbor helped to keep our dog. It _while we were on holiday.A. was taken care B. took care ofC. is taken care ofD. was taken care of答案：D本题考查动词短语的被动语态。take care of是及物动词短语，故of不能省略。5. The three students plan to_ a student volunteer project at their school.A. look
14、up B. set upC. cheer upD. clean up答案：B句意是“这三个学生计划在他们的学校建立一个学生志愿者计划”。6. Your school things are here and there. Will you please_? A. throw about themB. put them away C. throw them aboutD. put away them答案：B句意是“请把它们收拾好，好吗？”，put away是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语须放在副词之前。7.I_to cheer him up for 20 minutes.A. was tryingB. triedC. tryD. have been trying答案：Dhave been doing 意为“一直做某事”。8. Would you lik
