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1、Module 5 Great people and Great Invention of Ancient ChinaAlong with silk and paper，gunpowder is another invention by Chinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West.The dating of gunpowder is as early as 850 AD.The Chinese used gunpowder to make fireworks and for signal flares.Gunpowder was
2、also thought to have been used in medicine and in alchemy.This invention seems to have been discovered in China by accidentby alchemists when doing experiments.The gunpowder used for military purpose was first recorded in 919 AD.By the 11th century，explosive bombs filled with gunpowder were introduc
3、ed and used in China.The words “fire cannon”“rocket” and “fireball” appeared time and again in the official Song history as well as two other books written during the same period.The first detailed description of using the “fire cannon” in warfare was in connection with a battle fought in 1126 when
4、the Song army used it against the invading enemy.The socalled “fire cannon” was a tube made of bamboo filled with gunpowder which，when fired，threw a flaming missile towards the enemy.According to a description of a battle scene in 1132，it took two persons to carry a “fire cannon”，and the cannons wer
5、e fired from a moving platform.And this platform had to be moved close to the wall of the besieged city.The Chinese invention of gunpowder reached Japan，the Islamic countries and then Europe in the 13th century and the Arabs improved gunpowder for military use.The early account of gunpowder in Europ
6、e was recorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century.One century later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and the next year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon and cannon balls.From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries
7、，and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.1.alchemy n.炼金术2.alchemist n.炼金术士3.explosive adj.爆炸性的，会爆炸的4.cannon n.大炮5.missible n.投射物6.besieged adj.被包围的，被围攻的Answer the following questions1.Whats the best title of the passage?Gunpowder2.List the countries the Chinese inventio
8、n of gunpowder reached.(1)Japan(2)Islamic countries(3)European countriesPeriod OneIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary.单词检测1.equal adj.平等的2.importance n.重要；重要性important adj.重要的3.philosopher n.哲学家philosophy n.哲学4.teaching n.(常作复数)教导；学说teach vt.讲授；教授teacher n.教师5.thinker n.思想家think vt.想；思索；认为thought
9、n.思考；想法6.kindness n.善良kind adj.仁慈的；善良的7.order n.秩序8.principle n.原则；准则9.position n.职位10.stress vt.强调11.resign vi.辞职12.adviser n.顾问advise vt.劝告；建议advice n.忠告；建议13.influential adj.有影响的influence n.& v.影响14.love n.仁爱.短语检测1.be similar to与相似2.at war with与交战3.bring up养育，抚养；提出4.follow ones advice采纳某人的建议5.be/
10、become famous for因而出名6.in some ways在某些方面7.be different from与不同8.be/become interested in对感兴趣.课文阅读理解1.What is the main idea of Confucius according to the passage?A.Kindness，duty and order in society are very important.B.Government is more important than its people.C.All men are created equal.D.All men
11、 are born good.答案A2.What was the possible relationship between Confucius and Mencius?A.Teacher and student.B.Mencius was the follower of Confuciuss ideas.C.They all worked for the same state.D.Nothing related at all.答案B3.In which way was Mozis idea the same as that of Confucius?A.Men should be kind.
12、B.Men were born equal.C.Government should be more emphasized than its people.D.People were more important than the government.答案C4.In Menciuss opinion，which was the most important，the government，the ruler or the people?A.The government. B.The ruler.C.The people. D.Not mentioned.答案C5.What is the simi
13、larity of the three philosophers in ancient China according to the passage?A.They were all born poor.B.They all wrote their own books.C.They all travelled from state to state.D.Their philosophies all influenced China for a long time.答案D.课文阅读填空Confucius551 BC479 BCgreatest influence (more than 2,000
14、years)Stressed the importance of 1.kindness,2.duty and 3.order in society.MenciusBorn in 372 BC and brought up by 4.his mother.At an important 5.position in the 6.government first and later 7.resigned.Man was 8.kind.9.People were more important than 10.rulers.Mozi476 BC390 BCGovernment was most impo
15、rtant.All men were 11.equal.Loved all 12.human beings and looked after the weak.Hated the idea of war.难句分析1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.句式分析：本句中where.each other是定语从句，修饰先行词place，where在从句中作地点状语。自主翻译：古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。2.However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.句式分析：本句中when引导一个时间状语从句，该从句中又含有一个that引导的宾语从句，作saw的宾语。自主翻译：然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时，他便辞去了官职。1.equal语境感悟(1)(教材P41)All human beings are equal.众生平等。(2)He is equal to (the job of) running the
