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1、专题二 代词,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,注意:形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father她的父亲。 “of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine我的一个朋友。,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如: It is half past two now.现在两点半。(指时间) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.离最近的医院有六英里。(指距离) It i
2、s very cold in the room.房间很冷。(指温度) 2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如:,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,(2016四川)These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which b
3、rings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide. 现在这些当地居民必须使他们传统的自足自给的狩猎生活方式与现代法兰西共和国生活方式保持平衡,因为,随之而来的不仅有必要的社会福利,还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀。(it指前面所提到的情况),-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,(2014大纲全国)Whos that at the door? It is the milkman. 门口那人是谁? 是送奶工。(it指代性别不明或
4、性别被认为不重要的人) Ive broken a plate.我打碎了一个盘子。 It(=Breaking the plate) doesnt matter.没关系。(it指前面所提到过的事情),-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当。如: It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema. 据说他们都去看电影了。 (2016江苏)It didnt take long for S
5、helly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. 不久,Shelly-Ann意识到体育运动会是她走出(摆脱) Waterhouse的方法。,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,4.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(短语),尤其是表示好恶的动词(短语)后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to后,即这些动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。如: (2015浙江)How
6、 would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 如果你正在观看你自己喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进入房间,没有询问你的意见就把电视关掉了,你会有什么样的感受?,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,(2016天津)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carr
7、y on a conversation with her. 当我在工作时她给我打电话,我很讨厌。因为我总是太忙而无法与她聊下去。 5.it的固定结构:make it;get it;see to it that;put it。如: How shall I put it?我该怎么说呢?,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。 one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于a/an+单数名词;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单
8、数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。 that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldnt find it.So I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one替代a pen) 昨天我丢了钢笔而且没找到。所
9、以我不得不再买一支。 The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.(those/the ones替代the books) 桌子上的书要比桌子下面的好。 Few pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day. 没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。(that替代pleasure) (2012浙江)Studying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to th
10、ose of McDonalds. 研究了一下温迪的菜单,我发现其中的很多菜品和麦当劳的类似。(those替代many of the items),-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,2.that和one的主要区别: that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。 (2016北京)Universities have given in
11、to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. 大学已屈服于给学生提供如家般的同样环境这一想法。 (2015课标全国)When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake jumps by 14 percent. 当我们选择一把大勺而不是更小的勺子时,总摄入量就增加了14%。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,
12、these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 This is what I want to say. 这就是我想要说的。 That was twenty years ago.那是二十年前的事了。 These are not my books.这些不是我的书。 Those are her papers.那些是她的试卷。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词使用范围为两者。 J
13、ohn and Mary have both won the prizes. 约翰和玛丽都得了奖。 (2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions. 这个调查组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告,但是没有一份包含有用的建议。 (2013山东)Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much. 我曾经在纽约和芝加哥居住过,但是这两个
14、城市我都不是很喜欢。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,2.both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. 街道两旁都有花。 There are flowers on either side of the street. 街道的每一边都有花。 3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。 All the students in my class like our teachers. 我们
15、班的所有学生都喜欢我们的老师。 (2015福建)He was determined that none of his children would be denied an education. 他决定他的每个孩子都不会拒绝接受任何教育。,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,4.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。 They each have a car. 他们都有车。,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,1.no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 He h
16、as no worry about safety. 他一点也不为安全担心。 2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句。 How many people are there in the room? 房间里有多少人? None. 没有人。,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。 (2015重庆)The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date for sure. 这次会议将在9月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。 (2016天津)Nothing like this had ever been done before,and day after day I kept coming up with solutions
