Grammar To-infinitive 动词不定式,Unit,1,1.动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式是not to do 2.动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词 不定式短语的一个部分 3.不定式在句中可做主语、宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语等，但不能 单独作谓语动词不定式概述,一.动词不定式的时态和语态,,含义： 1.一般式：表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 She seems to know the secret. I hope to see you next week. 2.进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且强调正在进行 He seems to be thinking deeply.,3.完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. 4.完成进行式：表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前且一直在进行的动作 She is said to have been writing the novel for years.,二.动词不定式的否定式: 在to前加not. She seems not to be happy today.,三。
动词不定式的句法功能,1. 作主语 To read English every day is necessary. （不定式to read English every day 做主语） 动词不定式做主语时，为了保持句子平衡，通常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后 It is necessary to read English every day.,2. 作宾语,I want to see a film. （不定式to see a film 做宾语） 不定式做宾语时，如果带有宾语补足语，可以把不定式放在补足语后，用it做形式宾语 He find it difficult to learn Chinese. We think it important to master a foreign language.,3. 作宾语补足语,He invited me to give a speech on Chinese history. （不定式to give a speech on Chinese history 做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语me）,I have a letter to post. (不定式to post做定语，修饰名词letter) 做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
She had only a small room to live in.,4. 作定语,5. 作表语,His wish is to become a lawyer. (不定式to become a lawyer在连系动词is后做表语),6. 作状语 1）表示目的 They worked hard day and night to pay back the debt. 2）表示结果 I hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off. 3）表示原因 She felt disappointed to hear the news that she hadn’t passed the exam.,1.在feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词后，或在let, make, have 等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to 但是如果变成被动结构时，必须带to不带的动词不定式Bare infinitive,I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. She made me promise to write every day. I was made to promise to write every day.,2.would rather, had better和why not 后面，不定式不带to。
I would rather stay at home. Why not come in?,3.当两个动词不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或like相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略toDo you want to go skating or see a film? I decided to write rather than phone.,(4)不定式在介词but, except后时，若介词前动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to例如：,He did nothing but point to the door.,五个别特殊情况： 1疑问词+动词不定式 在句中作主语，表语或宾语 How to solve the problem is a problem. 2.动词不定式的主动式表示被动含义，可以看成是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb.(you,me.) The book is difficult (for me )to read. The film is great fun (for us ) to see.,。