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1、记叙文、说明文、议论文的写作,记叙文,叙述人物经历 (写人) 叙述事物的发展变化过程 (写事) 记叙文的“六大要素” 时间（when) 有无具体时间？ 地点（where) 有无地点变化？ 人物（who） 何人参与，谁是主角？ 事件（what） 发生了什么，有何特点？ 原因（why） 事件的起因？ 结果（how） 事件的经过及结局？,1988年6月考试：An Early Morning Walk 2003年6月考试：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident,例文,要求：根据以下提示叙述一场交通事故： 用第一人称； 短语提示：drive home a
2、t about 30 kilometers an hour; it was dark; a small girl chased a dog; not hit her but hit a car in the other direction 写出作者对此交通意外的感想。,Last night I was driving home from work. I had an accident. I was following behind a truck, driving at about 30 kilometers an hour. I was watching the traffic carefu
3、lly because it was getting dark.,Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left. She was chasing a dog and she wasnt paying any attention to the traffic. I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.,The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon a
4、s she saw my car. Fortunately I did not hit her, but I hit a car coming in the other direction. Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious. It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child, I thought to myself.,通过事实客观地解释或说明事物本身 历年四级考题：How I overcome Difficulties in Le
5、arning English; My Ideal Job 写作思路：围绕说明顺序（时间、空间、逻辑或认识顺序）、事物的特点和细节展开。,说明文,说明文的种类,举例说明文（考试中易出现此类题目）: 说明某一抽象的论点 知识性说明文：提供知识和信息 对比说明文：说明某事物在不同情况下的差异，或某事物与同类事物或不同类事物的差异。 定义说明文：给事物的性质和特点下定义。,举例说明文,通过举例来说明某一抽象的论点，或使读者明白某一事理。 写作时要选择合适的、充分的事例来就文章开头所提出的某一论点或某一事理进行解释和说明，所选的例子一定不能偏离主题。 如在例文“Practice makes perfec
6、t”中，作者用英语学习和其他一些事例说明了“熟能生巧”这一道理。,Practice Makes Perfect,1. 怎样理解“熟能生巧”？ 2. 例如：在英语学习中 3. 又如,The famous saying “Practice makes perfect” is widely accepted today. It means if we practice unfamiliar things again and again, well be able to perform it perfectly. The practice of learning English is a good e
7、xample. We are not living in an English speaking country. So, in order to learn it well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, going to English corners, or communicating with foreigners. Only sitting at the desk cannot lead to the mastery of English.,As another example, if we want t
8、o be skilled in using the computer, we also need to practice using it. Some children become little experts in computer, just because they play with it everyday. On the contrary, if we just stick to books, we will still feel confused when using computers. Judging from the evidence offered, we might s
9、afely draw the conclusion that practice makes perfect.,例文：How to Lose Weight,思路： 第一段：综述现象：大家都想保持身材要求减肥 第二段：介绍多余的体重在身体中形成的原因 第三段：提出相应的减肥方法 第四段：提出总结性的看法，指出减肥的要诀,Sample: How to Lose Weight,A beautiful and healthy figure is everyones dream. However, not everyone can easily fulfill this dream. Overweight
10、 people often have to find precise ways to los weight.,For normal healthy people, weight is gained by taking in more calories than the body needs. Therefore, if you want to lose weight, you either have to eat fewer calories or find ways to use up more calories you take in. Dieting is probably the mo
11、st popular way of losing weight, because when on a diet, you are taking fewer calories.,However, the body needs many elements in order to stay healthy, and starvation diets is bad because it is not balanced. A better way of dieting is to keep track of everything you eat, either by your own careful c
12、hoices or by buying the packaged meals sold by some diet companies. If you don not normally exercise, you should also begin sensible exercises to help your body use up surplus calories.,In short, a combined effort of reducing the calories you eat and using up more calories than usual through exercis
13、e should help you shed off part of your body.,论说文,论说文在某种程度上与说明文有一定的关联。说明文只是客观地解释事物、观点、方法等；论说文是带有说服目的地说明文，着重于说服读者、论证某种观点的正确，使读者接受自己的观点。 可以简单地说，说明文并不总有议论，但是论说文中肯定总有说明。 论说文种类：分析性论说文；批驳性论说文 例文及模板,分析性论说文写作方法,（1）用具体数据说明XX现象 What？ （2）原因一 Why？ （3）原因二 （4）原因三 （5）指出主要原因 (或造成的影响) （6）解决建议一 How？ （7）解决建议二,模板：,Nowa
14、days, there are more and more XX in some big cities. It is estimated that (1). Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (2) .Besides,(3) . The third reason is (4). To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (5). It is high time that something w
15、ere done upon it. For one thing,(6). On the other hand,(7). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.,范文：Generation Gap between Parents and Children,Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap. It is estimated th
16、at (75 percentages of parents often complain their childrens unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned). Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes, thus the disagreement often rises between them). Besides (du
