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1、Learning about Language,.重点单词 1 n条；棒；条状物 2 n& vt.损失；损害 3 vt.使惊吓；吓唬 adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 adj.令人恐惧的,bar,damage,frighten,frightened,frightening,.核心短语 1 没有用 2 发生，散发(热、光等)；用完；耗尽 3 参考；涉及；提到,of no use,give out,refer to,.经典句式 whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.这就是我的邻居们，他们的家被地震毁掉了。,Here are my neighbours,1ga
2、s that hot water (教材P28) 热水散发出的气体 写出下列句中give out的含义 I saw a man giving out handbills in the street. After a month their food supplies gave out. The results of the examination wont be given out.,gives out,分发,用尽,公布,Most of the damage was caused by your sister. 大部分损失是你造成的。 The heavy rain damaged many h
3、ouses. 大雨损坏了许多房子。 Eating too much meat one time will cause damage your stomach. 一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。,2.,to,易混辨析 damage/destroy,即学即用 选用上述单词填空 You have my hopes of happiness. Smoking seriously your health.,destroyed,damages,3It was a night.(教材P28) 那是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。,frightening,She was frightened (see) a figur
4、e in the dark. 她在黑暗中看到了人影，心里很害怕。 The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper. 那个人恐吓那位老太太，使她签了文件。 The dog frightened the squirrels . 狗把松鼠吓跑了。,to see,away/off,易混辨析 frightening/frightened,一言辨异 The news was frightening and they were all frightened.那个消息令人恐惧，他们都吓坏了。,定语从句() 1The number of people
5、 who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 2Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which/that was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 3The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.,4China is a country that/which has a l
6、ong history. 5Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 6The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.,一、基本概念 1在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰、说明的名词或代词叫先行词。 2定语从句由关系代词which，that，who，whom，whose，as或关系副词when，where，why引导。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，它在意义上指代先行词，
7、在语法上作定语从句的某个成分。 3定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。有时出于平衡句子结构的需要，可能不紧跟在先行词后面，而放在更后面的地方。,二、关系代词的用法 1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。 2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。 3whose一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。whosethen.of whi
8、ch/whom。 I know the man whose company produces computers. 我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。,4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。that可以代替who，whom，which，但习惯上常用who，whom指人，用which指物。 The woman that spoke to me in the booksto
9、re used to live next door. 在书店里跟我说话的那位妇女以前住在隔壁。,6as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the same.as.，such.as.，as.as.，so.as.等结构中，as不能省略，此时为限制性定语从句。另外，as还可引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，解释说明整个句子，一般放在主句之前。 I want to have such a computer as he has. 我想有一台和他(的电脑)一样的电脑。 As we all know，China has a large popula
10、tion. 众所周知，中国人口众多。,三、定语从句中需注意的事项 1只用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，none等不定代词时。 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。 (2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一
11、个地方是象鼻山。,(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right，the last等修饰时。 This is the very book that I left on the playground last week. 这就是上个星期我落在操场上的那本书。 (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school. 他高兴地谈论着在这所学校上学时所记得的人和事。 (5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which
12、is the true story that he told us? 他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真的？ (6)当关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。 He isnt the boy that he was. 他不再是过去的那个男孩了。,2关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所代替的名词或代词。 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。 【误】The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very moving. 【正】The film (that/which) we saw last night is
13、very moving. 3关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)常可省略。 Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day? 那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？,4关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词) 他是懂法语的唯一学生。 He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词) 他是懂法语的学生之一。,
