《高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题6 动词和动词短语》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题6 动词和动词短语（20页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。一、常考的十类动词及词组一、常考的十类动词及词组1 连系动词特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：(1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如 become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等。(2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，如 feel, smell, taste, look，sound 等。(3) 状态类，表事物所处的状态，如 keep,
2、 remain, stand, lie, stay, prove 等。(4) 外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如 appear, seem, look 等。2 感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch 等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。常考的使役动词有 make, have, keep 等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：He looked around and caught a man _ his hand int
3、o the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting【解析】 D catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事” ，doing sth 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave 等。3 不用被动语态的动词及动词短语英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。(1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。这类动词有：
4、sell, wash, write, last, read, wear 等。如：This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。(2) 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有：open(
5、打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如：This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。(3) 某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词及词组有：happen, occur, cost，come out(出版)，turn up(被找到)，come into being(产生)，come to ones mind(想起)，come into use(开始使用)
6、, turn out(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于 18 世纪。Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个主意。Who is to blame for br
7、eaking the vase?打碎花瓶应由谁负责？The problem finally came up at the meeting. 这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong. 即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。(4) “主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive 等。如：The physics prob
8、lem is easy to work out.这道物理题很容易算出来。A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。4 接动名词作宾语的动词或词组常见的有：avoid, cant help, cant stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate
9、, deny, forbid 等。如：The bird was lucky to escape being caught.这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。He is always practicing playing the piano after school.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。5 接不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，wan
10、t 等。如：He cant afford to buy such an expensive car.他买不起这么贵的车。Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。6 表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require 等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。7 接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示“应该(
11、或命令、建议、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用 should 加动词原形，其中 should 常可省略。它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose 等。如：Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。8 表示“计划未能实现”的动词此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, sup
12、pose等。如：I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldnt because of another important meeting.9现在表将来类这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off 等。如：Your plane
13、takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。10带介词 to 的动词短语带介词 to 的动词短语有：be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to 等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用 v. ing 形式。Peter suggested that Tom go there at once.彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词
14、短语1.以 break 为中心break away from 脱离，逃离break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解break in 闯进，打断break into 闯入；强行进入break out 爆发，发生break off 打断，断绝，折断； 突然终止break through 突破；克服break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束2.以 bring 为中心bring about 导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，打垮，击落bring forward 提出；提前bring in 把带进来；引进；挣得(收入)bring on 导致，引起，
15、使发展bring out 使显现；出版bring up 抚养，养育，培养3.以 call 为中心call at 访问(某地)；停泊在call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎call in 召集，收集；下令收回call off 取消，下令停止call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人)call out 下令罢工；召唤出动call up 打电话给；召集；使想起4.以 carry 为中心carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回，运回；使想起carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品)carry on 坚持，继续，进行c
16、arry out 贯彻，执行，实施carry through 坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺)5.以 come 为中心come about 发生come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到come back 回来；恢复，复原come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出come over 访问；突然感到come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生come to an end 终止，结束when it comes to 就而论，谈到come to life 苏醒come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself 恢复常态come true 实现，成为现实come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出6.以 cut 为中心cut away 切去，砍掉cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短c
