《2015高考英语北师大版一轮话复习【题阅读与写作】第一节 话题写作——科普知识》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2015高考英语北师大版一轮话复习【题阅读与写作】第一节 话题写作——科普知识（17页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2015 高考英语北师大版一轮话复习高考英语北师大版一轮话复习【题阅读与写作题阅读与写作】第一节第一节 话题话题写作写作科普知识科普知识第一节第一节 话题阅读话题阅读科普知识科普知识5 年真题拓展训练年真题拓展训练(1)【原题体验】 (2013新课标全国阅读理解 B)The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert(警觉)Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two bl
2、ack spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focusuntil a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks
3、at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer？The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the n
4、umber of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness？When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opp
5、osed to three？No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three，or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when th
6、ey heard just two；likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.60The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys_.Asense of hearing Bsense of sightCsense of touch Dsense of smell答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的描述婴儿反应的动词 stare at，look at 以及gaze(凝视)再加上对本段内容的理解可知，是
7、对孩子视觉的测验。61Babies are sensitive to the change in_.Athe size of cardsBthe colour of picturesCthe shape of patternsDthe number of objects答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第一段可知，刚刚出生的孩子对于两个和三个斑点的卡片反应不同，说明婴儿对物体的数量敏感。62Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?ATo reduce the difficulty of the experiment.BTo see
8、 how babies recognize sounds.CTo carry their experiment further.DTo keep the babies interest.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“The effect even crosses between senses.”可知，研究人员在移动不同数量的斑点的同时，加入鼓声，以进一步验证孩子的反应，故答案为 C 项。63Where does this text probably come from?AScience fiction.BChildrens literature.CAn advertis
9、ement.DA science report.答案 D解析 文章出处题。通读全文可知本文是一篇科学报道。science fiction 科幻小说；childrens literature 儿童文学；an advertisement 广告。【原题拓展训练】.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图.信息句与长难句分析1(61 题信息句)As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze starts to lose its focusuntil a third，with three black spots，is presented.分析：until 连接时间状
10、语从句；主句中含有 as 引导的状语从句；a third 是 until 从句的主语，后省略了名词 card；介词短语 with three black spots 作非限定定语，修饰 a third。翻译：随着这两张卡片反复地变换，她的注意力开始转移直到给她看到了第三张，一张带有三个黑点的卡片。2The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two，shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.分析：the same experiment 是主
11、语，but 表示语义转折；with three spots 是介宾短语，shown before two 为过去分词短语作宾补，介词 with 复合结构作状语；shows 是谓语，the same return of interest 是 shows 的宾语，when the number of spots changes 为时间状语从句。翻译：同样的实验，这次先展示三个点的卡片再展示两个点的，当点数改变时，像上次的实验结果一样，婴儿的注意力又再次回归。3When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (
12、a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.分析：when 引导时间状语从句，changing the number of objects 为动名词短语作主语；separate from changing the objects themselves 为形容词短语作定语，修饰 an effect，可以替换为一个定语从句理解：changing the number of objects had
13、 an effect which is separate from changing the objects themselves。翻译：当给稍大的婴儿出示如梳子、钥匙、橙子等物品图片时，研究发现改变卡片上物品的数量引起婴儿的反应有别于卡片上物品本身替换引起的反应。4(62 题信息句)Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise(同样地) when the rese
14、archers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.分析：who 引导定语从句，此从句修饰先行词 babies；than 引导比较状语从句，连接两个时间状语从句 when they then heard three drumbeats 和 when they heard just two。翻译：不断地被出示两个点卡片的婴儿，听到三声鼓声的时候会比听到两声的时候更激动；同样地当研究人员先放鼓声，再改变点的数量的情况下，结果同样如此。【真题精选对应训练】(2013江苏阅读理解 C)If a diver surfaces too quickly，he
15、may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.Other airbreathin
16、g animals also suffer this decompression(减压)sickness if they surface too fast：whales，for example.And so，long ago，did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves ar
