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1、Grammar,revision,过去分词省略 虚拟语气,1.作定语,2.作表语,4.作状语,3.作宾补,过去分词,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。,a、表示时间,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,b、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh
2、.,=If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.,=As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.,=She walked out of the house, and
3、 was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,=Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Example: United we stand, divided we fall. = If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fall.,1. Asked what had ha
4、ppened, he told us about it.2. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.,= When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.,= Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.,3. Given more time, we would b
5、e able to do the work much better.4. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.,= If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.,= Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.,5. Deeply i
6、nterested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.,= As she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.,= Although he was left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.,Complete each sentence using the Past Partici
7、ple of the right verb:,build, frighten, trap, follow, shoot, see, examine,_ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room. 2. The lady returned home, _ by two policemen. 3. After having been _ carefully, the room was locked again. 4. _ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50
8、years old. 5. _ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails. 6. If _ in a burning building, you should send for help. 7. Although _ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.,Frightened,followed,examined,Built,Seen,trapped,shot,过去分词,1.作状语,_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in fro
9、nt of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,C,1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。,2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 按句子提供的语境可用结构B.,_ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received,C,B
10、efore _, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using,A,_ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving,D,知识要点： 倒装句（Inversion）,英
11、语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”,一、倒装的类型,完 全倒 装 整个谓语移至主语之前。 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends. 学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。 部 分倒 装 只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。 Seldom does he go to school late. 他上学很少迟到。,二、倒装结构的基本用法,疑问句中“there be”结构中 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中
12、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时 副词only放在句首时 含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 副词so在句首 在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中 在强调表语或状语的句子中,Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。 Away went the crowd one by one .人们一个一个地离去。 Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。 Down she went 她下来了。,使用完全倒装结构。 但如果主
13、语是代词则用正常语序。,在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中,back,在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中,I cant swim, nor (neither) can she .我不会游泳，她也不会。 He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。,back,直接引语的全部或
14、一部分 放在句首时,主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。 但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。,1. “What do you think of the film? ”he asked. 他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”2.“Im leaving for Hong Kong next month.” Mary told me yesterday.玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。,back,副词so在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。 如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。 A: The teacher ask
15、ed you to visit her after class.B: So I did.,back,副词only放在句首时,only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。 注意： 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize that he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。） 如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。,back,含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时,常用否定词有： never, not, hard
16、ly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。,back,在强调表语或状语的句子中,Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿尔伯特曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。Such is life. 生活就是这样。 In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。,
